Ethics and Scientific Integrity: University Policy, its Application and Recommendations

Transcription

1 Ethics and Scientific Integrity: University Plicy, its Applicatin and Recmmendatins Suzanne Kresta, fllwing material develped by Paul Melançn and Janna Harringtn, Past Assciate Deans, FGSR Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research September, 2016

2 Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research Yur decanal team: Dean Heather Zwicker Vice Dean Debby Burshtyn Assciate Deans: Dr Suzanne Kresta (MecE) Dr. Jhn Nychka (ECE) Dr. Bryan Hgeveen (CME) Dr. Nami Krgman, (CEE)

3 Tpics t be cvered: The Ethics and Academic Integrity Training Obligatin Yur bligatin t knw the rules Where t find the rules The Research and Schlarship Integrity Plicy (R&SIP) General Recmmendatins Surces fr Further Assistance Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

4 Tpics t be cvered: The Ethics and Academic Integrity Training Obligatin Yur bligatin t knw the rules Where d yu find the rules The Research and Schlarship Integrity Plicy (R&SIP) General Recmmendatins Surces fr Further Assistance Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

5 We take ethics and intellectual prperty very seriusly. Since September 2004, every graduate student at the University f Alberta must undertake frmal ethics and academic integrity training as a requirement fr graduatin. This bligatin requires at least 8 hurs f structured activity related t ethics and academic integrity. Faculty-specific and discipline-specific curses. Web-based curse develped by the Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research. Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

6 FGSR Graduate Ethics Training (GET) Curse This is a web-based curse cvering such tpics as: Cnflict f Interest Cnflict Reslutin Intellectual Prperty Integrity and Schlarship Graduate Student-Supervisr Relatinships Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

7 Tpics t be cvered: The Ethics and Academic Integrity Training Obligatin Yur bligatin t knw the rules Where d yu find the rules The Research and Schlarship Integrity Plicy (R&SIP) General Recmmendatins Surces fr Further Assistance Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

8 Where d the rules cme frm? Plicies regarding research and schlarship integrity, as well as rules n student cnduct, are established specifically by the university s General Faculties Cuncil (GFC). GFC is a bdy cmprised f representatives frm all Faculties. It als includes student representatives. The University f Alberta s Research and Schlarship Integrity Plicy was develped by GFC and is included in yur curse package. Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

9 Graduate Prgram Manual Anther imprtant dcument fr graduate students is the Graduate Prgram Manual maintained by the Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research (FGSR). The Graduate Prgram Manual is a cmpilatin f the rules and prcedures used fr the administratin f graduate prgrams at the University f Alberta. It als cntains plicies that have been apprved by the apprpriate gverning bdies. It can be reviewed and searched nline at: Yur department may als supplement the Calendar with a Department-specific Graduate Manual, r handbk, as well as infrmatin psted n a departmental website Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

10 Yur bligatin t knw the rules The graduate prgram manual, sectin 1.1, states that: Graduate students are ultimately respnsible fr their wn prgrams. They are expected t read the Calendar and any ther relevant dcuments t becme familiar with all regulatins and deadlines relating t their prgrams. Sectin 1.1 ges n t state that the respnsibilities f graduate students include ensuring that their registratin is accurate and des nt lapse, submitting apprpriate frms t the department fr signature and prcessing, and paying all fees required by the deadline dates set ut in the Calendar. Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

11 Tpics t be cvered: The Ethics and Academic Integrity Training Obligatin Yur bligatin t knw the rules Where d yu find the rules The Research and Schlarship Integrity Plicy (R&SIP) General Recmmendatins Surces fr Further Assistance Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

12 The Research and Schlarship Integrity Plicy Excellence in research and schlarship depends n the creativity, hard wrk and dedicatin f its practitiners. It als depends n integrity. Even when untainted by fraud, schlarly wrk must meet ther standards f ethics and integrity. Discveries btained thrugh deceit, that disregard prper attributin f surce material r the cntributins f thers, r that invlve the vilatin r disregard f thers rights, are antithetical t basic prfessinal and schlarly values. earch-and-schlarship-integrity-plicy.pdf Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

13 The University f Alberta is cmmitted t ensuring the highest standards f practice and behaviur in research and schlarship integrity. Failure t adhere t these plicies is miscnduct and can have serius cnsequences. Vilatins f the Research and Schlarship Integrity Plicy by graduate students can be subject t discipline under the Cde f Student Behaviur. ecmmunitystandards/cdefstudentbehaviur.aspx Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

14 In additin: Prfessinal and scientific scieties als have cdes f ethics that need t be respected; and Scientific jurnals have ethics requirements and rules n cnflict f interest and data management that need t be respected. Increasingly, jurnals als have rules n authrship. Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

15 Yu have cmpleted a significant piece f wrk and are ready t submit the paper fr publicatin. On ne f the gel images, there is a bright spt and sme smearing, nt related t the data. Yu have sme experience frm phtshp and are used t editing yur phtgraphs, s yu clean up these defects in yur figure befre publicatin. Is this data falsificatin? Why r why nt?

16 Fundamental principle: Data management apply standards f hnesty and f schlarly and scientific practice in the cllectin, recrding and analysis f data, whether quantitative r qualitative, and ther infrmatin and in the disseminatin f infrmatin, findings, and discveries. Gd practice: Precise data cllectin, accurate recrds, well-rganized Miscnduct: Fabricatin r falsificatin f data, data cleaning Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

17 Fundamental principle: Human and Animal Research Participants, use f stem cells t bserve ethical standards fr the treatment f human and animal research participants and t btain apprval frm the apprpriate ethics review cmmittee BEFORE research cmmences. Gd practice: Obtain apprval frm Research Ethics Bard (REB) Miscnduct: Unauthrized experiments, deviating frm prtcl withut prir apprval, cnducting surveys withut apprval Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

18 Fundamental principle: Authrship and Acknwledgement include as authrs all persns and nly thse persns wh made substantive schlarly r scientific cntributins and wh share respnsibility fr the final wrk intended fr publicatin. recgnize and acknwledge the cntributin f all ther cllabratrs. Gd practice: Agree n authrship early in the prject. Adjust when necessary Miscnduct: Omit peple wh have made substantial cntributins Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

19 Further Assistance: FGSR Guidelines fr Authrship Sectin 10.2 f Graduate Prgram Manual Intellectual Prperty Guidelines fr Graduate Students and Supervisrs at the University f Alberta (2004) Sectin 10.1 f Graduate Prgram Manual Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

20 Further Assistance: Intellectual Prperty Guidelines fr Graduate Students and Supervisrs at the University f Alberta (2004) Sectin 10.1 f Graduate Prgram Manual This dcument suggests that c-authrship shuld be recgnized when an individual has participated in a significant way in at least 2 f the fllwing 4 aspects f the research: cnceptin f idea and design f experiment actual executin f experiment r hands-n lab wrk analysis and interpretatin f data the actual writing f the manuscript Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

21 Fundamental principle: Respnsibility f Authrs ensure that all c-authrs f a wrk are aware f their respnsibilities as c-authrs, and t btain the apprval f all cauthrs f the final cntent f the wrk intended fr publicatin. Gd practice: All authrs sign an apprpriate frm (sme scientific jurnals require this) Miscnduct: Manuscript is submitted withut apprval frm all authrs Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

22 Fundamental principle: Cite the Wrk f Others acknwledge the prir art, intellectual prperty f thers (including cpyrights and patents); cite apprpriately the wrk f thers; use their writings, discveries, findings, cnceptual develpments, unique methds and data with prper attributin. btain the permissin f thers t use their unpublished findings and wrks, and t acknwledge such surces in an apprpriate manner. btain the permissin f thers befre using infrmatin, cncepts r data riginally btained thrugh cnfidential exchanges r thrugh access t cnfidential manuscripts r funding applicatins. Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

23 When submitting a literature review r research paper fr a curse, yu are expected t refer t many published papers and ther credible surces and then present what yu have learned. In rder t avid plagiarism, yu shuld ensure that a) The surce f every significant fact r number is cited as (authr, year), r as a superscript number, where the number refers t a numbered list f references b) All figures are referenced, and any figures which are mdified, but substantially fllw the riginal, are identified as (mdified frm (authr, year)) c) Any phrase r set f wrds that is lnger than half a sentence is enclsed in qutatin marks and attributed t the riginal authr, OR the ideas are paraphrased and put in yur wn wrds s that it is clear that yu fully understd what yu read d) Material retrieved frm websites is bth frm a credible surce, and is referenced by prviding the website URL and the date accessed. e) All f the abve.

24 Fundamental principle: Cite the wrk f Others (cntinued) cmply with the regulatins gverning surce when gaining access t use private r cnfidential materials and infrmatin. Gd practice: Citing the wrks f thers gives apprpriate credit, builds gd prfessinal relatinships, and encurages thers t cite yur wrks Miscnduct: Failure t apprpriately cite the wrks f thers is plagiarism Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

25 Fundamental principle: Avid cnflicts f Interest avid cnflicts f interest and cmmitment and the real r perceived bias that may arise frm such cnflicts Gd practice: Being aware f situatins with the ptential fr cnflict f interest Miscnduct: Nt disclsing a real r perceived cnflict f interest Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

26 Funding agencies and integrity A similar plicy n integrity in research and schlarship has been adpted by the three majr federal funding agencies in Canada, including the Canadian Institutes fr Health Research (CIHR) The full text f the Tri-Agency Framewrk: Respnsible Cnduct f Research is available at: Guvernance/rcr-crr_eng.asp Under this plicy, researchers and schlars receiving CIHR, NSERC r SSHRC funds must uphld varius principles. Thse are similar t that f the R&SIP Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

27 Tpics t be cvered: The Ethics and Academic Integrity Training Obligatin Yur bligatin t knw the rules Where d yu find the rules The Research and Schlarship Integrity Plicy (R&SIP) General Recmmendatins Surces fr Further Assistance Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

28 General recmmendatins Knw the rules understand what is expected f yu as a graduate student Knw yur rights and yur respnsibilities Have an appreciatin fr cmmn ethical mistakes Avid cnflicts f interest Take actin when yu detect a situatin that culd be perceived as a cnflict f interest Deal with cnflicts within yur wn research grup Cnsult when yu have questins r cncerns Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

29 Wh t cnsult when prblems arise? Yur supervisr r member f yur supervisry cmmittee Graduate Crdinatr / Assciate Chair (Graduate Studies)/ Assciate Dean f yur Faculty; Chair fr yur Department OmbudService (prvides infrmatin & advice; helps with mediatin f disputes) Graduate Students Assciatin (yur fficial representative) Assciate Dean and staff in FGSR (lcated in Triff Hall) - grad.mail@ualberta.ca Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research

30 FGSR Graduate Prgram Manual OmbudService Graduate Students Assciatin Research Ethics Office Faculty f Graduate Studies and Research