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1 Thanks Thank you for downloading my product. I truly appreciate your support and look forward to hearing your feedback. Connect You can connect with me and find many free activities and strategies over at my blog KeslerScience.com I look forward helping you focus your instruction and save time prepping. You Might Also Like All 8 INB Notebook Templates 35% Savings! Kesler Science Station Lab Activities 40%+ Savings! Kesler Science Complete 5E Lessons 40%+ Savings! Themed Board Games for Review 35% Savings!

2 8 10 Learning Student Led Labs Styles Differentiated Station Lab

3 Kesler Science Station Lab Simple Machines If you have never used my Kesler Science Station Labs before please download the FREE Start-Up pack from my TPT store. It will provide you with all of the signage and best practices in order to run the station labs in your classroom. The large directions cards included in this file are intended to be read by the leader of the group once the students get to the station. The smaller task cards can be read by another group member. I prefer that each student do their own lab write-up (included at the end of this file), so that they may use it for reference at a later date. The answer key is provided at the end of the document. Lastly, if any of the internet resources no longer Simple Machines for some reason please let me know via at chris@keslerscience.com. I cannot guarantee that all resources will be available, but I tried to choose ones that have been around for many years. I will Simple Machines diligently to find replacements for any broken links.

4 Kesler Science Station Lab Simple Machines- Teacher Directions Explore It! I will spend much of my time at this station making sure that the students are grasping the concept. You will need a spring scale, a ruler, and an object that can be attached to the scale. Illustrate It! You will need to set out colored pencils and/or markers at this station. Read It! Print several different copies (I use 6) of the reading passage so that multiple students can read at different paces. The Research, Explore, or Watch it station should be completed first. Watch It! The video is hosted on my Google drive and the URL is casesensitive. The original link is Organize It! The cards for this activity are attached near the end of this file. I keep several sets in Ziploc bags with numbers on the back of them so they can make it back to the correct bag. Write It! Students should be encouraged to do the Research and Explore stations before attempting this one. Research It! The goo.gl link on the task card is case-sensitive. This activity requires java to run. I try very hard to only find web pages that everyone can access, but it was very difficult for this concept. The original link is Assess It! Students should be encouraged to do the Research and Explore station before attempting this one. If I grade anything I usually take a close look at the answers from this station.

5 Write It! Station Directions It is recommended that you have completed at least two of the following stations before working at this station. -Read It! -Explore It! -Watch It! -Research It! Answer each of the task card questions on the lab sheet in complete sentences.

6 List the 6 simple machines and an example of each one. How does a pulley make work easier? How does an incline plane make work easier?

7 Assess It! Station Directions It is recommended that you have completed at least two of the following stations before working at this station. -Read It! -Explore It! -Watch It! -Research It! Each member will answer the questions from the task cards on the lab sheet in the Assess It! section.

8 An incline plane increases the which decreases the needed for work to be done. A. force, distance B. distance, force C. distance, direction D. direction, force A pulley system changes the of the applied/input force to decrease the amount of force needed for work to be done. A. Direction B. Matter C. Density D. Mass Which of the following is not an example of a simple machine? A. An ax B. A ramp C. A motorcycle wheel D. A table Which is the best description of a wedge? A. A single incline plane B. An incline plane wrapped around a post C. 2 incline planes put together D. A wheel on a rod

9 Read It! Station Directions Each member of the group will read the passage and answer the questions from the task cards on the lab sheet in the Read It! section.

10 3 Types of Levers A lever is one of the simplest mechanical devices. A lever consists of a beam or stick or rod. However, a lever by itself is not effective. It must have something on which to pivot. This pivot is called a fulcrum. A lever helps to lift weights with less effort. Children on opposite ends of a seesaw lift each other's weight up and down easily. Anyone who has ever pried something loose with a crowbar or a board has used a lever. There are 3 classes of levers. First-class levers have the fulcrum placed between the load and the effort, as in the seesaw, crowbar, and balance scale. If the two arms of the lever are of equal length, as with the balance scale, the effort must be equal to the load. If the effort arm is longer than the load arm, as in the crowbar, the effort travels farther than the load and is less than the load. Second-class levers have the load between the effort and the fulcrum. A wheelbarrow is a second-class lever. The wheel s axle is the fulcrum, the handles take the effort, and the load is placed between them. The effort always travels a greater distance and is less than the load. Third-class levers have the effort placed between the load and the fulcrum. The effort always travels a shorter distance and must be greater than the load. A hammer acts as a third-class lever when it is used to drive in a nail: the fulcrum is the wrist, the effort is applied through the hand, and the load is the resistance of the wood. Another example of a third-class lever is the human forearm: the fulcrum is the elbow, the effort is applied by the biceps muscle, and the load is in the hand.

11 Which is the best description of a fulcrum? A. The amount of effort applied to the lever B. The amount of mass the lever can lift C. The total length of the lever D. The point on which a lever rests or pivots Where is the fulcrum in a first class lever? A. Between the effort and the load B. On the right side of the effort and the load C. On the left side of the effort and the load A wheelbarrow is considered a class lever. An example of a 3 rd class level could be a. A. First B. Second C. Third D. Fourth A. Seesaw B. Wheelbarrow C. Hammer D. Balance scale

12 Watch It! Station Directions Each member of the group will go to the website listed on task card #1. Complete the task cards in order. Each student will answer the questions from the task cards on the lab sheet in the Watch It! section of the lab sheet.

13 Google: G Drive: 1. Answer questions on cards #2-#4 What is the scientific definition of work? What does it mean when someone says, simple machines make work easier? How does an incline plane make work easier?

14 Research It! Station Directions Each member of the group will go to the website listed on task card #1 Complete the task cards in order. Every student will answer the questions from the task cards on the lab sheet in the Research It! section.

15 1. Go to 2. Click Run Now. Your teacher may already have this running when you get to this station. 1. Read the next two cards (#3 and #4) before beginning the simulation. 2. Press Start to begin. 1. After you have done the 4 trials with adding workers write the 2 correct statements on your lab sheet. 1. After you have done the 4 trials with adding pulleys write the 3 correct statements on your lab sheet.

16 Explore It! Station Directions One member of the group will read the task cards in order. The group will be responsible for completing each of the tasks that are being read. Each member of the group will then write their conclusions down on the lab sheet in the Explore It! section.

17 Book Book Book Book Book Book 1. Place the object on the table. 2. Measure the distance from the table to the top of the books in cm. 1. Build an incline plane (ramp) from the the table to the top of the books. 3. Lift the object with the spring scale and 2. Measure the distance of the ramp in measure the force (Newtons) as it is being (cm). lifted. 3. Record data on answer document. 4. Record data on answer document. Book Book Book 1. Hook the object to the spring scale and drag it up the ramp. 2. Record the force (Newtons) required while you are dragging it up the ramp. Answer the following questions on your lab sheet. 1. What happened to the amount of force required when an incline plane was added? 2. What happened to the distance the object had to travel when the incline plane was added? 3. Think of 3 real-world situations where incline planes make work easier.

18 Illustrate It! Station Directions Each member of the group will draw a quick sketch on the lab sheet the shows they understand the concept that is being taught. Use the map colors and markers that are provided. The directions for the sketch are provided on the task card at the table.

19 Illustrate It! Station Directions Draw 6 pictures on your lab sheet that demonstrates your knowledge of the simple machines. Include images and examples of a lever, wedge, pulley, wheel and axle, incline plane and a screw. Be sure to label each image.

20 Organize It! Station Directions It is recommended that you have completed at least two of the following stations before Simple Machinesing at this station. -Read It! -Explore It! -Watch It! -Research It! Every student will answer the questions from the task cards on the lab sheet in the Organize It! Section. Please mix up the cards again before the next group arrives at this station.

21 1. Take the cards out of the bag and place them on the table. 2. Match the cards together (hint: 3 cards per match) 1. Have you teacher sign off on your lab sheet once they have checked it.

22 Lever a rigid bar resting on a pivot, used to help move a heavy or firmly fixed load with one end when pressure is applied to the other Pulley a wheel with a grooved rim around which a cord passes over or under Incline Plane a plane inclined at an angle to the horizontal Wedge Wheel & Axle a piece of wood, metal, or some other material having one thick end and tapering to a thin edge, that is driven between two objects or parts of an object to secure or separate them a simple machine consisting typically of a cylindrical drum to which a concentric wheel is firmly fastened to an axle Screw An incline plane wrapped around a pot.

23 Simple Machines Name Explore It! Task Card #1: Lifting the load Distance: Force: Task Card #2: Dragging the load Distance: Force: Task Card #3: Write It! Task Card #1: Task Card #2: Task Card #3:

24 Simple Machines Name Illustrate It! Assess It! Read It! #1 #3 #2 #4 #1 #3 #2 #4 Research It! Task Card #3: Task Card #4: Organize It!

25 Simple Machines Name Watch It! Task Card #2: Task Card #3: Task Card #4:

26 Simple Machines Answer Key Explore It! Task Card #1: Lifting the load Distance: Force: Task Card #2: Dragging the load Distance: Force: Task Card #3: 1. The force should have decreased 2. The distance should have increased. 3. Student answers will vary but some examples could be a moving truck ramp, ramp at a sporting event, escalator, staircase, etc. Write It! Task Card #1: Lever broom Wheel and Axle car wheels Pulley crane Inclined plane ramp Wedge ax Screw screw_ Task Card #2: A pulley makes work easier by changing the direction of the force which makes work easier. The distance of the rope or wire also has to be pulled over a greater distance. Task Card #3: An incline plane makes work easier because it increases the distance and object needs to move which decreases the input force (applied force)

27 Simple Machines Answer Key Illustrate It! Student answers will vary. Assess It! Read It! #1 B #3 D #2 A #4 C #1 D #3 B #2 A #4 C Research It! Task Card #3: 1. Wok = Force * Distance 2. A single pulley changes the direction of the force Task Card #4: 1. It s easier to lift things with two pulleys than one 2. The more pulleys you use the less force you need to apply 3. With 3 pulleys you need to pull more rope (distance) than with 2 pulleys Organize It!

28 Simple Machines Answer Key Watch It! Task Card #2: When a force produces the motion of an object in the same direction as the motion. Task Card #3: Simple machines make work easier because they require less force (input force) to perform the work. Task Card #4: Work = Force * Distance. By using an incline plane to increase the distance, then less force needs to be applied to do the work.