MidAmerican ENERGY. Regional Economy Overview. MidAmerican Energy Service Territory IA, IL, NE, SD

Transcription

1 MidAmerican ENERGY 666 Grand Avenue Des Moines, Iowa Regional Economy Overview for the MidAmerican Energy Service Territory IA, IL, NE, SD 1

2 Report Info Dataset Version Dataset Category Region Name Class of Worker EMSI Complete MidAmerican Energy IA, IL, NE, SD Counties Henry, IL (17073) Mercer, IL (17131) Rock Island, IL (17161) Adams, IA (19003) Audubon, IA (19009) Benton, IA (19011) Black Hawk, IA (19013) Bremer, IA (19017) Buchanan, IA (19019) Buena Vista, IA (19021) Butler, IA (19023) Calhoun, IA (19025) Carroll, IA (19027) Cass, IA (19029) Cedar, IA (19031) Cerro Gordo, IA (19033) Cherokee, IA (19035) Chickasaw, IA (19037) Clinton, IA (19045) Crawford, IA (19047) Dallas, IA (19049) Emmet, IA (19063) Floyd, IA (19067) Franklin, IA (19069) Fremont, IA (19071) Grundy, IA (19075) Guthrie, IA (19077) Hamilton, IA (19079) Harrison, IA (19085) Humboldt, IA (19091) Ida, IA (19093) Jasper, IA (19099) Johnson, IA (19103) Keokuk, IA (19107) Kossuth, IA (19109) Lee, IA (19111) Linn, IA (19113) Lucas, IA (19117) Lyon, IA (19119) Madison, IA (19121) Mahaska, IA (19123) Marion, IA (19125) Mills, IA (19129) Monona, IA (19133) Monroe, IA (19135) Montgomery, IA (19137) Muscatine, IA (19139) O'Brien, IA (19141) Osceola, IA (19143) Page, IA (19145) Palo Alto, IA (19147) Plymouth, IA (19149) Pocahontas, IA (19151) Polk, IA (19153) Pottawattamie, IA (19155) Poweshiek, IA (19157) Sac, IA (19161) Scott, IA (19163) Shelby, IA (19165) Sioux, IA (19167) Taylor, IA (19173) Union, IA (19175) Wapello, IA (19179) Warren, IA (19181) Washington, IA (19183) Webster, IA (19187) Woodbury, IA (19193) Wright, IA (19197) Dakota, NE (31043) Clay, SD (46027) Lake, SD (46079) Lincoln, SD (46083) McCook, SD (46087) Minnehaha, SD (46099) Moody, SD (46101) Turner, SD (46125) Union, SD (46127) Yankton, SD (46135) 2

3 MidAmerican Energy IA, IL, NE, SD Population (2014) 2,970,349 Jobs (2014) 1,969,433 Average Earnings (2014) $46,598 Unemployed (5/2014) 67,938 Completions (2013) 81,151 GRP (2013) $137,336,735,628 Exports (2013) $195,751,556,998 Imports (2013) $188,536,256,516 Race Demographics Race % of Population All Other Races 2.9% Asian, Non-Hispanic 2.0% Black, Non-Hispanic 3.7% White, Hispanic 5.7% White, Non-Hispanic 85.7% Educational Attainment Education % of Population High School Diploma 31.9% Some College 21.7% Bachelor's Degree 17.6% Associate's Degree 9.8% Graduate Degree and Higher 8.0% 9th Grade to 12th Grade 7.9% Less Than 9th Grade 3.0% 3

4 Population 2,970, % 2014 Population Population Growth for the Last 5 Years 0.9% of National National Growth 4.0% Age Group 2014 Population 2014 % of Population Under 5 years 195, % 5 to 9 years 200, % 10 to 14 years 197, % 15 to 19 years 198, % 20 to 24 years 202, % 25 to 29 years 192, % 30 to 34 years 201, % 35 to 39 years 175, % 40 to 44 years 177, % 45 to 49 years 185, % 50 to 54 years 206, % 55 to 59 years 206, % 60 to 64 years 182, % 65 to 69 years 140, % 70 to 74 years 101, % 75 to 79 years 76, % 80 to 84 years 61, % 85 years and over 68, % Race % of Population Under 20 years 26.7% 20 to 39 years 26.0% 40 to 59 years 26.1% 60 to 79 years 16.9% 80 years and over 4.4% 4

5 Industry Jobs Trend 30.00% 25.00% 20.00% 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% 0.00% (5.00%) Region 2004 Jobs 2014 Jobs % Change MidAmerican Energy IA, IL, NE, SD 1,790,011 1,969, % Iowa 1,876,120 2,044, % Illinois 7,212,784 7,610, % South Dakota 512, , % Nebraska 1,166,248 1,277, % Industry Concentration and Growth Mature Growing Location Quotient Declining Emerging % % -5.00% 5.00% 15.00% 25.00% 35.00% % Change Location Quotient ## equals industry NAICS Bubble size represents jobs in the industry 5

6 Establishments by Industry 93,333 Total Establishments NAICS Description 2013 Establishments 11 Crop and Animal Production 1, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction Utilities Construction 9, Manufacturing 3, Wholesale Trade 7, Retail Trade 11, Transportation and Warehousing 3, Information 1, Finance and Insurance 6, Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 2, Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 8, Management of Companies and Enterprises Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services 4, Educational Services Health Care and Social Assistance 8, Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 1, Accommodation and Food Services 6, Other Services (except Public Administration) 8, Government 5, Unclassified Industry 14 6

7 Jobs by Industry 1,969, % 48.9% Total Jobs (2014) Male Female (National: 50.8%) (National: 49.2%) NAICS Industry 2014 Jobs 11 Crop and Animal Production 78, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 3, Utilities 6, Construction 104, Manufacturing 205, Wholesale Trade 76, Retail Trade 215, Transportation and Warehousing 72, Information 30, Finance and Insurance 151, Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 55, Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services 76, Management of Companies and Enterprises 22, Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services 95, Educational Services 48, Health Care and Social Assistance 223, Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 36, Accommodation and Food Services 125, Other Services (except Public Administration) 100, Government 240, Unclassified Industry 16 7

8 Average Earnings by Industry $46,598 Avg. Earnings (2014) 88% of Nation Avg. NAICS Industry Avg. Earnings (2014) 11 Crop and Animal Production $31, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction $38, Utilities $120, Construction $49, Manufacturing $66, Wholesale Trade $68, Retail Trade $27, Transportation and Warehousing $47, Information $60, Finance and Insurance $65, Real Estate and Rental and Leasing $35, Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services $54, Management of Companies and Enterprises $112, Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services $29, Educational Services $30, Health Care and Social Assistance $46, Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation $18, Accommodation and Food Services $17, Other Services (except Public Administration) $24, Government $60, Unclassified Industry $21,645 8

9 Unemployment by Industry 67,938 Total Unemployment (5/2014) NAICS Industry Unemployed (5/2014) % of Unemployed 11 Crop and Animal Production 174 0% 21 Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction 192 0% 22 Utilities 156 0% 23 Construction 6,388 9% 31 Manufacturing 9,383 14% 42 Wholesale Trade 1,360 2% 44 Retail Trade 7,893 12% 48 Transportation and Warehousing 1,953 3% 51 Information 1,229 2% 52 Finance and Insurance 2,783 4% 53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing 602 1% Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Management of Companies and Enterprises Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services 1,939 3% 68 0% 3,896 6% 61 Educational Services 995 1% 62 Health Care and Social Assistance 4,784 7% 71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation 745 1% 72 Accommodation and Food Services 6,296 9% 81 Other Services (except Public Administration) 2,207 3% 90 Government 4,415 6% 99 No Previous Work Experience/Unspecified 10,479 15% 9

10 Educational Programs 91 Institutions 755 Programs 88,194 Completions Top Program Completions CIP Program Completions (2013) 52 Business, management, marketing, and related support services 19, Health professions and related programs 15, Education 8, Liberal arts and sciences, general studies and humanities 6, Psychology 3, Homeland security, law enforcement, firefighting & related protective services 3, Social sciences 3, Computer and information sciences and support services 2, Engineering 1, Public administration and social service professions 1,694 Completions by Award Level Award Level Completions Award of <1 academic year 3,958 Award of 1 but <2 academic years 3,662 Award of 2 but <4 academic years 966 Post-baccalaureate certificate 840 Post-masters certificate 324 Associates degree 19,123 Bachelors degree 44,022 Masters degree 12,080 Doctors degree 3,219 10

11 Educational Institutions Institution AIB College of Business Allen College American College of Hairstyling-Cedar Rapids American College of Hairstyling-Des Moines Des Moines Area Community College Des Moines University-Osteopathic Medical Center Dordt College Drake University Kaplan University-Cedar Falls Campus Kaplan University-Cedar Rapids Campus Kaplan University-Davenport Campus Kaplan University-Des Moines Campus American Hair Academy E Q School of Hair Design Kaplan University-Mason City Campus Ashford University Augustana College Augustana College Eastern Iowa Community College District Faith Baptist Bible College and Theological Seminary Faust Institute of Cosmetology-Storm Lake Kilian Community College Kirkwood Community College La James College of Hairstyling and Cosmetology Aveda Institute-Des Moines Globe University-Sioux Falls La James International College-Cedar Falls Avera McKennan Hospital School of Radiologic Technology Grand View University La James International College-Davenport Avera Sacred Heart Hospital Grinnell College La James International College-East Moline Black Hawk College Hamilton Technical College La James International College-Ft Dodge Briar Cliff University Brown Mackie College-Quad Cities Buena Vista University Capri College-Cedar Rapids Capri College-Davenport Central College Coe College Hawkeye Community College Indian Hills Community College Iowa Central Community College Iowa Lakes Community College Iowa School of Beauty-Des Moines Iowa School of Beauty-Ottumwa Iowa School of Beauty-Sioux City La James International College-Iowa City La James International College-Johnston Mercy College of Health Sciences Mercy-St Luke's School of Radiologic Technology Midwest Technical Institute-Moline Morningside College Mount Marty College Northwestern College Palmer College of Chiropractic-Davenport PCI Academy-Ames Saint Ambrose University Sanford Medical Center Simpson College Sioux Falls Seminary Southeast Technical Institute Southwestern Community College St Luke's College Stewart School The Salon Professional Academy-Iowa City Trinity College of Nursing & Health Sciences UnityPoint Health-Des Moines School of Radiologic Technology University of Iowa University of Northern Iowa University of Sioux Falls University of South Dakota Vatterott College-Des Moines College of Hair Design Iowa State University Mount Mercy University Wartburg College Colorado Technical University-Sioux Falls Cornell College Iowa Western Community College ITT Technical Institute-Cedar Rapids National American University-Sioux Falls North Iowa Area Community College Dakota State University ITT Technical Institute-Clive Northwest Iowa Community College Western Iowa Tech Community College William Penn University 11

12 Gross Regional Product (GRP) $90,452,908,565 $37,367,710,569 $9,516,116,493 $137,336,735,628 Earnings (2013) Property Income (2013) Taxes on Production (2013) Total GRP (2013) NAICS Industry GRP (2013) % of Total 11 Crop and Animal Production $3,852,377,836 3% 21 Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction $372,190,848 0% 22 Utilities $2,645,500,470 2% 23 Construction $6,090,680,252 4% 31 Manufacturing $22,118,978,760 16% 42 Wholesale Trade $9,362,476,347 7% 44 Retail Trade $8,320,641,177 6% 48 Transportation and Warehousing $4,155,813,630 3% 51 Information $3,810,491,156 3% 52 Finance and Insurance $16,239,890,725 12% 53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing $6,357,662,800 5% Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Management of Companies and Enterprises Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services $4,710,432,977 3% $2,745,687,178 2% $3,301,358,941 2% 61 Educational Services $1,539,466,738 1% 62 Health Care and Social Assistance $10,736,754,212 8% 71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation $849,202,351 1% 72 Accommodation and Food Services $3,007,029,953 2% 81 Other Services (except Public Administration) $2,681,258,486 2% 90 Government $15,837,244,477 12% Other non-industries $8,601,596,312 6% 12

13 Region Exports $195,751,556, Exports (2013) 61% of Supply NAICS Industry Exports (2013) 11 Crop and Animal Production $9,418,766, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction $404,558, Utilities $2,157,394, Construction $5,014,683, Manufacturing $77,819,550, Wholesale Trade $10,014,279, Retail Trade $5,225,151, Transportation and Warehousing $5,950,901, Information $3,354,698, Finance and Insurance $17,372,750, Real Estate and Rental and Leasing $3,366,107, Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services $1,573,532, Management of Companies and Enterprises $3,850,926, Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services $1,831,737, Educational Services $1,181,497, Health Care and Social Assistance $6,779,951, Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation $601,532, Accommodation and Food Services $1,927,620, Other Services (except Public Administration) $1,602,749, Government $36,303,167,525 Exports $$$ 13

14 Region Imports $188,536,256,516 $125,060,933,069 Imports (2013) Locally Produced & Consumed (2013) 60% of Demand 40% of Demand NAICS Industry Imports (2013) 11 Crop and Animal Production $13,359,405, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction $2,734,137, Utilities $1,761,423, Construction $3,164,790, Manufacturing $45,778,213, Wholesale Trade $9,609,135, Retail Trade $3,954,667, Transportation and Warehousing $6,127,216, Information $6,081,071, Finance and Insurance $9,888,263, Real Estate and Rental and Leasing $8,365,698, Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services $8,415,254, Management of Companies and Enterprises $3,727,030, Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services $2,863,259, Educational Services $1,394,235, Health Care and Social Assistance $6,101,837, Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation $1,372,087, Accommodation and Food Services $3,059,687, Other Services (except Public Administration) $1,615,094, Government $49,163,745,894 $$$ Imports 14

15 Region Sales $197,695,936,174 Sales (2013) NAICS Industry Sales 11 Crop and Animal Production $8,550,452, Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction $651,348, Utilities $927,027, Construction $7,314,662, Manufacturing $40,816,620, Wholesale Trade $8,144,319, Retail Trade $8,786,803, Transportation and Warehousing $10,902,914, Information $5,278,965, Finance and Insurance $15,137,539, Real Estate and Rental and Leasing $8,218,221, Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services $6,547,386, Management of Companies and Enterprises $4,244,306, Administrative and Support and Waste Management and Remediation Services $3,639,597, Educational Services $1,280,980, Health Care and Social Assistance $11,731,025, Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation $1,082,951, Accommodation and Food Services $3,667,397, Other Services (except Public Administration) $3,082,777, Government $47,690,639,932 Sales $$$ 15

16 Jobs by Occupation 1,969,433 Total Jobs (2014) SOC Description 2014 Jobs Median Hourly Earnings % of Total Jobs Management Occupations 158,159 $ % Business and Financial Operations Occupations 97,617 $ % Computer and Mathematical Occupations 37,104 $ % Architecture and Engineering Occupations 19,715 $ % Life, Physical, and Social Science Occupations 13,759 $ % Community and Social Service Occupations 28,858 $ % Legal Occupations 10,878 $ % Education, Training, and Library Occupations 98,860 $ % Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media Occupations 46,878 $ % Healthcare Practitioners and Technical Occupations 95,419 $ % Healthcare Support Occupations 49,930 $ % Protective Service Occupations 24,577 $ % Food Preparation and Serving Related Occupations 130,722 $ % Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance Occupations 67,888 $ % Personal Care and Service Occupations 93,369 $ % Sales and Related Occupations 246,174 $ % Office and Administrative Support Occupations 253,008 $ % Farming, Fishing, and Forestry Occupations 15,486 $ % Construction and Extraction Occupations 86,694 $ % Installation, Maintenance, and Repair Occupations 74,103 $ % Production Occupations 152,269 $ % Transportation and Material Moving Occupations 139,928 $ % Military occupations 12,672 $ % Unclassified Occupation 15,368 $ % 16

17 Definitions Average Earnings: The average earnings per worker in the region. Includes wages, salaries, supplements (additional employee benefits), and proprietor income. Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Economic Analysis. If Covered, this figure only shows wage and salary. Average Earnings Per Job: This figure is the change in earnings divided by the change in jobs. Source: EMSI's model, incorporating data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). Change by Demographic: The change in jobs modeled through demographics for males, females, and eight age cohorts. This table shows the ripple effect of the initial industry change through these demographic groups. This is a result of the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) model. Source: We show the effects of industry change on demographics using a variety of data, including the U.S. Census Bureau's American Community Survey (ACS) and the U.S. Census Bureau's Quarterly Workforce Indicators (QWI) from Local Employment Dynamics (LED). Change by Industry: The change in jobs modeled through all two-digit industry sectors. This table shows the ripple effect of the initial industry change through all affected industries. For further detail (including job changes in all NAICS code digit-levels), see below the table. Source: EMSI's model, incorporating data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and the Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS) Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). Change by Occupation: The change in jobs modeled through all two-digit occupation sectors. This table shows the ripple effect of the initial industry change through all affected occupations. This is a result of the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) model. We accomplish this move from industry to occupation using regional earnings staffing patterns. For further detail (including job changes in all SOC code digit-levels), see below the table. Source: EMSI's model, incorporating data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' (BLS) Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW). Change in Earnings: This number represents total change in earnings resulting from the initial, user-made change. This figure includes the initial change. The change in earnings figure is dependent upon the multiplier listed below. Source: EMSI data based primarily on the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). Change in Jobs: The total number of jobs changed, including the initial change. The figure is dependent upon the multiplier listed below. Source: EMSI's model, incorporating data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). Direct: The effect of new input purchases by the initially changed industries. This is the first round of impacts (see Indirect ). This change is due to inter-industry effects. Source: EMSI's model, incorporating data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). Exports: Money received in the region through foreign and external domestic sources. Source: EMSI's model, incorporating data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). Gross Regional Product: GDP for the region. Measures the final market value of all goods and services produced in a region. Source: EMSI data based primarily on data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) and the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). Indirect: The subsequent ripple effect in further supply chains resulting from the direct change. In more awkward terms, this shows the sales change in the supply chains of the supply chain, as a result of the direct change. This is the second round of impacts (see Direct ). This change is due to inter-industry effects. Source: EMSI's model, incorporating data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). 17

18 Induced: This change is due to the impact of the new earnings created by the initial, direct, and indirect changes. These earnings enter the economy as employees spend their paychecks in the region on food, clothing, and other goods and services. In other words, this figure represents the income effects on inter-industry trade. Source: EMSI's model, incorporating data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). Initial: This number represents the initial change in earnings as input by the user, and therefore does not include ripple effects. If a user has made the input in terms of earnings, this figure will match exactly what the user entered. If in terms of jobs or sales, this number will represent the conversion to earnings from those other terms. Imports: The amount of money leaving the region to foreign and external domestic sources. Source: EMSI's model, incorporating data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). Jobs: The total number of full- and part-time jobs. Source: EMSI data based primarily on the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) from the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). Jobs Multiplier: The total job yield to the region as a result of and including a single job added. Source: EMSI's model, incorporating data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA). National Location Quotient: Compares percent employment in the region to percent employment in the nation. A location quotient of 1.0 means that percent employment for the region matches the nation. As a relative measure of concentration, location quotient is very useful for identifying key regional industries. High location quotients indicate that the industry makes up a part of the region's economic base, often generating exports and wealth for the local economy. Source: EMSI's proprietary employment data. Population: The total number of people living in the region. Source: Census Bureau, incorporating data from the United States Postal Service and the National Center for Health Statistics. Staffing Patterns: A staffing pattern is a way of showing what percentage of jobs in a given industry are in a specific occupation. Staffing patterns are used to identify the current and future workforce needs of a sector, and serve as an important connection to EMSI's occupation and education data. Source: Primarily the national OES staffing pattern, combined with projections from the National Industry-Occupation Employment Matrix and EMSI's proprietary employment data. Unemployed: An estimate of total unemployed persons by industry in a region. EMSI uses LAUS as the basis of its unemployment data, which uses a definition of unemployment roughly equivalent to U3, the most widely used measure. Available by county for all 2-digit NAICS. Source: LAUS, combined with CIU and EMSI's proprietary employment data. Data Sources and Calculations Input-Output Data: The input-output model in this report is EMSI's gravitational flows multi-regional social account matrix model (MR-SAM). It is based on data from the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey and American Community Survey; as well as the Bureau of Economic Analysis' National Income and Product Accounts, Input-Output Make and Use Tables, and Gross State Product data. In addition, several EMSI in-house data sets are used, as well as data from Oak Ridge National Labs on the cost of transportation between counties. Institution Data: The institution data in this report is taken directly from the national IPEDS database published by the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics. Completers Data: The completers data in this report is taken directly from the national IPEDS database published by the U.S. Department of Education's National Center for Education Statistics. 18

19 Demographic Data: The demographic data in this report is compiled from several sources using a specialized process. Sources include annual population estimates and population projections from the US Census Bureau, birth and mortality rates from the US Health Department, and projected regional job growth. Industry Data: EMSI industry data have various sources depending on the class of worker. (1) For QCEW Employees, EMSI primarily uses the QCEW (Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages), with supplemental estimates from County Business Patterns and Current Employment Statistics. (2) Non-QCEW employees data are based on a number of sources including QCEW, Current Employment Statistics, County Business Patterns, BEA State and Local Personal Income reports, the National Industry-Occupation Employment Matrix (NIOEM), the American Community Survey, and Railroad Retirement Board statistics. (3) Self-Employed and Extended Proprietor classes of worker data are primarily based on the American Community Survey, Nonemployer Statistics, and BEA State and Local Personal Income Reports. Projections for QCEW and Non-QCEW Employees are informed by NIOEM and long-term industry projections published by individual states. Unemployment Data: The unemployment data in this report comes from the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Local Area Unemployment Statistics and is updated every two months. State Data Sources: This report uses state data from the following agencies: Illinois Department of Employment Security, Employment Projections; Iowa Workforce Development; Nebraska Workforce Development; South Dakota Department of Labor, Labor Market Information Division Educational Attainment Data: EMSI's educational attainment numbers are based on EMSI's demographic data and the American Community Survey. By combining these sources, EMSI interpolates for missing years and projects data at the county level. Educational attainment data cover only the population aged 25 years or more and indicate the highest level achieved. Occupation Data: EMSI occupation employment data are based on final EMSI industry data and final EMSI staffing patterns. Wage estimates are based on Occupational Employment Statistics (QCEW and Non-QCEW Employees classes of worker) and the American Community Survey (Self-Employed and Extended Proprietors). Occupational wage estimates also affected by county-level EMSI earnings by industry. 19