An essay is a piece of writing several paragraphs long. An essay has three main parts:

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2 An essay is a piece of writing several paragraphs long. An essay has three main parts: 1. Introductory paragraph 2. Body paragraph (two or more paragraphs) 3. Concluding paragraph

3 An essay introduction consists of two parts: 1. a few general statements to attract your reader s attention. 2. a thesis statement states the main idea of the essay. A thesis statement for an essay is like a topic sentence for a paragraph. It names the specific topic and gives the reader a general idea of the contents of the essay.

4 The body paragraph consists of one or more paragraph. Each paragraph develops a subdivision of the topic, so number of paragraphs in the body will vary with the number of subtopics. The conclusion, like the concluding sentence in a paragraph, is a summary or review of the main points discussed in the body.

5 I. Introduction General statements Thesis statement II. Body A. Topic sentence 1. support 2. support 3. support (concluding sentence B. Topic sentence 1. support 2. support 3. support (concluding sentence) III. Conclusion Restatement or summary of the main points; final comment.

6 An introductory paragraph has two parts: General statements: introduce the general topic of the essay. capture the reader s interest. The thesis statement: states the specific topic. may list subtopics of the main topic. may indicate the pattern of organisation of the essay. is normally the last sentence in the introductory paragraph.

7 The introductory paragraph of the model essay is a funnel introduction. It begins with one or two very general sentences about the topic. Each subsequent sentence becomes increasingly focused on the topic until the last sentence, which states very specifically what the essay will be about.

8 is the most important sentence in the introduction. It states the specific topic of the essay. Eg. The large movement of people from rural to urban areas has major effects on cities. Sometimes a thesis statement lists the subtopics that will be discussed in the body. Eg. The large movement of people from rural to urban areas has major effects on a city s ability to provide housing, employment, and adequate sanitation services. Sometimes a thesis statement indicates the pattern of the organisation of the essay. Eg. There are several differences between a nurse practitioner and a physician s assistant (comparison/ contrast). When buying a used car, use these four strategies to get the best price (logical division of ideas). My best friend and I spent an entire summer constructing a tree house in my grandmother s old apple tree (chronological order)

9 The body paragraphs in an essay are like the supporting sentences in a paragraph. They are the place to develop your topic and prove your points. A basic pattern for essays is logical division of ideas. In this pattern, you divided your topic into subtopics and then discuss each subtopic in a separate paragraph. Logical division is an appropriate pattern for explaining causes, reasons, types, kinds, qualities, methods, advantages, disadvantages.

10 Here are techniques that you can use to write a memorable conclusion. 1. Make a prediction. 2. Suggest results or consequences. 3. Suggest a solution, make a recommendation or call for action. 4. Quote an authority on the topic.

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12 Chronolgi ORDER is a way of orginizing ideas in the order or their occurence in tme. We use it to tell stories, to related storical event and to write bioghraphy and autobiographies. We also use it to explain precesses and procedure. EX : how to take photoghraph, how to make a piece of pottery, how to perform a chemistry experience.

13 Chronological order process essay : Chronological order is a way of organizing ideas in the order of their occurrence in time. Chronological order has all sorts of uses. We use it to tell stories, to relate historical events, and to write biographies and autobiographies. We also use it to explain processes and procedures.

14 You wake up in the morning with a thumping, throbbing pain in your jaw. Some would say your sweet tooth is to blame. But are they right? Chances are they might be. Though toothaches can be caused by a number of foods, the carbohydrates found in candy speed up the process.

15 Candy causes toothaches because of its high sugar content. Every time you eat, natural bacteria in your mouth use the sugars you consume to form acids, which combine with food particles to form plaque. Tooth decay is the process by which plaque eats away at your teeth, eventually causing them to hurt. Sticky sweets such as candy cause the most damage because they adhere to teeth, fueling bacteria for a longer period of time and creating more acid. More acid means more damage to your teeth and a greater chance of pain.

16 To prevent tooth decay and toothaches, it's important to brush twice a day, floss, visit your dentist twice a year and limit the amount of candy you eat. Instead of snacking on sweets, choose good-for-your-teeth cheese, peanuts, yogurt and sugar-free chewing gum, which helps rid your mouth of sugars. Late night eating should be kept to a minimum since saliva production is reduced while you sleep. Saliva helps clear sugars from your mouth to stop acid production that damages teeth. If you decide to eat sticky, sugary foods, so do with an entire meal to prevent them from adhering to your teeth. It also helps to brush your teeth or rinse your mouth with water after eating this type of food. To help relive the symptoms of a toothache, use an ice pack on the outside of the mouth where the pain is located. Never apply heat. Over-the-counter medications such as aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen and naproxen can relieve soreness.

17 Doctors say family members can transfer bacteria that causes toothaches to babies through kissing and sharing utensils. The solution? Good nutrition and dental practices for the entire family. Additionally, babies should never be put to bed with a bottle full of juice, milk, formula or other liquid containing sugar. Doing so will only increase the likelihood of tooth decay.

18 Cronological order signal words are especially omportant in a process essay. You have to be very clear about the sequence of steps : Does one step happen before after, ar at same time as another step? Cronological order signals include all time expressions.

19 First,first of all, second, third, etc Then, next, after that, soon, later, later on Finally, last, last of all Meanwhile, at the same time, now Gradually, eventually First, choose a destination for your camping trip Then make a list of supplies and equipment Last of all, have a good time Meanwhile, have a supply of clean rags ready Gradually increase your child s allowance

20 After since As until As soon as when Before while Does one step happen before after, ar at same time as another step?

21 The first (second, last, final) step On the third day After leaving home Later that morning For five minutes In 2004 Several years ago A few weeks later In the next (past, last) 15 years The first step to do a physical exam he should come to the hospital on the third day after leaving home, he Understands the meaning of the life Later that morning, his condition is bad Please wait me for five minutes In 2004, I started working at this hospital I had an accident several years ago We will take the exam a few weeks later

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