Session 1 Phonics Basics 26 Letters and Sounds Consonants and Vowels

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1 Session 1 Phonics Basics 26 Letters and Sounds s and s 1

2 Letter Name and Sounds - Basic Concepts Chart Each Alphabet/Letter has a Name and a Sound (example: F and Fox) There are 26 letters in the English alphabet but there are 44 letter sounds (phonemes) which means one letter can make more than 1 sound. 16 out of 26 Alphabets always make the same sound : B D F H J K L M N P Q R T V X Z Challenged Letter L a light and dark sound Letters with a whisper/unvoiced sound: F H K P T X 5 Regular s/power Letters: A E I O U (other than these 5, all others are consonants. W and Y act like vowels sometimes) Each of the vowels makes 2 sounds long sound like their Name and a short sound examples: Ate and Apple or Mate and Mat Ate/Mate (letter Aa makes the long name sound) Apple/Mat (letter Aa makes the short sound) The 5 dancing consonants: I call these 5 the dancing consonants, because they change their sound regularly. C G S W Y C is the only letter in the English alphabet which has no sound of its own. C sometimes copies K and sometimes S 2 Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved.

3 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter A Aa The /a/ sound Makes 2 sounds apple Long /a/ sound like the letter name A Short /a/ sounds like ah First Begin with the short /a/ sound with the kids. ace Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 3

4 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter B Bb The /b/ sound Always makes same sound Short and quick sound bat X Quick puff of air pushed through the mouth /b/ denotes buh sound but the uh sound is not stretched It should not sound like buhhhhhh ball Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 4

5 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter C Copy /k/ sound The /c/ sound Cc Sometimes copies letter /k/ sound, sometimes letter /s/ sound cat /c/ denotes cuh sound but the uh sound is not stretched it sounds like /k/ *dancing consonant Letter c followed by e, i or y makes /s/ sound, if letter c is used with any other letter other than these 3, it makes /k/sound ** try Cancel First begin with the cuh/k sound with the kids. Copy /s/ sound cent Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 5

6 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter D Dd The /d/ sound Always makes same sound Short and quick sound dog X Quick puff of air pushed through the mouth /d/ denotes duh sound but the uh sound is not stretched It should not sound like duhhhhhh, its Bed, not beduuhh doll Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 6

7 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter E Ee The /e/ sound Makes 2 sounds elephant Long /e/ sound like the letter name E Short /e/ sounds like eh First Begin with the short /e/ sound with the kids. eel Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 7

8 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter F Ff The /f/ sound Always makes same sound Whispering sound frog Slightly touch your lower teeth to your upper lip and a air is gently pushed through the opening Emphasize /f/ sound by stretching it out slightly /fff/ fish Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 8

9 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter G hard /g/ sound Gg The /g/ sound Sometimes makes /g/ sound also called the hard /g/ sounds, and sometimes letter /j/ sound /g/ sound is Short and quick sound goat /g/ denotes guh sound but the uh sound is not stretched *dancing consonant Letter g followed by e, i or y sometimes makes /j/ sound (Not a hard rule gem vs. get) First begin with the guh/g/ sound with the kids. Copy /j/ sound Giraffe Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 9

10 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter H Hh The /h/ sound Always makes same sound Whispering sound horse Passing air through the opening of the mouth /h/sound is sometimes written as /huh/ sound, but do not sound out the uh sound hat Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 10

11 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter I Ii The /i/ sound Makes 2 sounds Long /i/ sound like the letter name I igloo Short /i/ sounds like ih To make the /ih/ sound the tongue touches behind the teeth Begin with the short /i/ sound with the kids. Ice cream Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 11

12 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter J Jj The /j/ sound Always makes same sound Short and quick sound jam /j/ denotes juh sound but the uh sound is not stretched Jingle bells Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 12

13 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter K Kk The /k/ sound Always makes same sound Whispering sound /k/ denotes kuh sound but the uh sound is not stretched kite /k/ sound is also made by letter c when it is used with letters except i, e and y. Exception to the rule Koala, Kangaroo, Kate For letter /k/ sound with letters i, k and y use letter k kangaroo * Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 13

14 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter L Ll The /l/ sound Light /l/ and dark /l/ sounds Emphasize /l/ sound by stretching it out slightly /lll/ ladder When letter l is before the vowel, it makes light l sound and when it is after a vowel it makes a dark l sound like rill Begin with the light /l/ sound with the kids. lion Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 14

15 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter M Mm The /m/ sound Always makes same sound Nasal sound air passes through the nose Pinch you nose monkey Slightly pressing the lips together and make the /mmm/ sound Stretch the sound slowly /mmm/ Moon Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 15

16 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter N Nn The /n/ sound Always makes same sound Nasal sound air passes through the nose. Pinch you nose nest Tounge raises to touch the roof of your mouth make the /nnn/ sound Newspaper Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 16

17 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter O Oo The /o/ sound Makes 2 sounds Long /o/ sound like the letter name O octopus Short /o/ sounds like awe (like awesome) To learn, you can stretch out the word /awwwwwe/ Begin with the short /o/ sound with the kids. oar Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 17

18 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter P Pp The /p/ sound Always makes same sound Whispering sound parrot Short and quick sound Quick puff of air pushed through the mouth /p/ denotes puh sound but the uh sound is not stretched pencil Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 18

19 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter Q Qq The /q/ sound Always makes same sound Words beginning with Q usually have QU queen Q and Qu sound is /koo/ Rare exceptions words beginning with Qi or words ending with q (like talaq make the /k/ sound) Quilt Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 19

20 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter R Rr The /r/ sound Always makes same sound Makes a /rrr/ sound rabbit X Does not make arrr or ruh sound ring Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 20

21 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter S Ss The /s/ sound Sometimes makes /s/ sound, sometimes makes /z/ sound and has additional digraph sounds. Whispering sound Mostly when the words begin with a S (not digraphs) then it s the base sound /sss/ snake *dancing consonant First begin with the base /sssss/ (stretch letter s ) sound with the kids. The /z/ sound is mostly when s is used in the end of the word (news) Both /s/ and /z/ sound in a word (sees) Sun Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 21

22 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter T Tt The /t/ sound Always makes same sound Whispering sound Short and quick sound turtle X Quick puff of air pushed through the mouth Makes a /ttt/ sound Does not make tuh sound and do not stretch the /ttttt/ sound teapot Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 22

23 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter U Uu The /u/ sound Makes 2 sounds Long /u/ sound like the letter name U Umbrella Short /u/ sounds like uh Quick /uh/ sound Begin with the short /u/ sound with the kids. Unicorn Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 23

24 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter V Vv The /v/ sound Always makes same sound Mqkes the /vvvvv/sound Quick puff of air pushed through the mouth van Top teeth touching your bottom lips (not like w important distinction) violin Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 24

25 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter W Ww The /w/ sound Makes a /woh/ or a /wuh/ sound Sometimes makes a voiceless/whispering sound like whisper watch Sometimes makes a /h/ sound like who *dancing consonant/ Sometimes acting vowel Sometimes is silent like two Acting vowel - When w is with another vowel and its in the end - usually a dipthong sound (ow, aw) Start with the basic /w/ sound wand Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 25

26 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter X /k/and/s/ sound Xx The /x/ sound Mostly makes same sound Whispering sound xray Combination of /k/ and /s/ sound Rarely it makes a /z/ sound like xylophone or xerox Copy /z/ sound Start with the /k//s/ sound first xylophone Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 26

27 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter Y Yy The /y/ sound Letter Y makes a consonant sound or as a vowel it makes 4 sounds When Y is the beginning letter, it makes the consonant sound /y/ The exceptions when Y is the beginning vowel is Yves(eve) or elements in periodic table yarn *dancing consonant/ Sometimes acting vowel When Y vowel is in the middle like rhythm it makes the /ih/ sound When Y vowel is in the end of one syllable word like by it makes long /i/ sound When Y vowel is in the end of long word like story it makes long /ee/ sound Dipthongs with y like oy make a different sound Start with the basic /y/ sound with kids yak Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 27

28 Letter Name and Sounds - Letter Z Zz The /z/ sound Always makes same sound Buzzing sound /zzzzz/ zebra zip Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 28

29 hon.ics for arents Phonics project for Parents Brought to you by Vitamin Simple TM Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved.

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