Electric Power System Planning

Transcription

1 Hossein Seifi Mohammad Sadegh Sepasian Electric Power System Planning Issues, Algorithms and Solutions Springer

2 Contents 1 Power System Planning, Basic Principles Introduction Power System Elements Power System Structure Power System Studies, a Time-horizon Perspective Power System Planning Issues Static Versus Dynamic Planning Transmission Versus Distribution Planning Long-term Versus Short-term Planning Basic Issues in Transmission Planning A Review of Chapters 13 References 14 2 Optimization Techniques Introduction Problem Description Problem Definition Problem Modeling Solution Algorithms, Mathematical Versus Heuristic Techniques Mathematical Algorithms Heuristic Algorithms 24 References 30 3 Some Economic Principles Introduction Definitions of Terms Cash-flow Concept Time Value of Money Economic Terms 34 ix

3 x Contents 3.4 Economic Analysis Present Worth Method Annual Cost Method Rate of Return Method A Detailed Example 39 References 44 4 Load Forecasting Introduction Load Characteristics Load Driving Parameters Spatial Load Forecasting Long Term Load Forecasting Methods Trend Analysis Econometric Modeling End-use Analysis Combined Analysis Numerical Examples Load Forecasting for a Regional Utility Load Forecasting of a Large Scale Utility 56 References 66 5 Single-bus Generation Expansion Planning Introduction Problem Definition Problem Description Mathematical Development Objective Functions Constraints WASP, a GEP Package Calculation of Costs Description of WASP-IV Modules Numerical Results 81 Problems 86 References 87 6 Multi-bus Generation Expansion Planning Introduction Problem Description A Linear Programming (LP) Based GEP Basic Principles Mathematical Formulation Numerical Results 96

4 xi 6.5 A Genetic Algorithm (GA) Based GEP Numerical Results for GA-based Algorithm 99 Problems 100 References 102 Substation Expansion Planning Introduction Problem Definition A Basic Case Problem Description Typical Results for a Simple Case A Mathematical View Objective Function Constraints Problem Formulation Required Data An Advanced Case General Formulation Solution Algorithm Numerical Results System Under Study Load Model Downward Grid Upward Grid Transmission Substation Miscellaneous Results for BILP Algorithm Results for GA 129 Problems 129 References 131 Network Expansion Planning, a Basic Approach Introduction Problem Definition Problem Description Problem Formulation Objective Function Constraints Solution Methodologies Enumeration Method Heuristic Methods Numerical Results Garver Test System, A Large Test System 150

5 xii Contents Problems 152 References Network Expansion Planning, an Advanced Approach Introduction Problem Description Problem Formulation Basic Requirements Objective Functions Constraints Solution Methodology Candidate Selection Numerical Results 168 Problems 171 References Reactive Power Planning Introduction Voltage Performance of a System Voltage Profile Voltage Stability Voltage Performance Control Parameters Static Versus Dynamic Reactive Power Resources Problem Description Reactive Power Planning (RPP) for a System Static Reactive Resource Allocation and Sizing Dynamic Reactive Resource Allocation and Sizing Solution Procedure Numerical Results Small Test System Large Test System 189 Problems 193 References Power System Planning in the Presence of Uncertainties Introduction Power System De-regulating Power System Uncertainties Uncertainties in a Regulated Environment Uncertainties in a De-regulated Environment Practical Issues of Power System Planning in a De-regulated Environment 201

6 Contents xiii 11.5 How to Deal with Uncertainties in Power System Planning Expected Cost Criterion Min-max Regret Criterion Laplace Criterion The Van Neuman-Morgenstern (VNM) Criterion Hurwicz Criterion Discussion Research Trends in Power System Planning Introduction General Observations References General LF (2000 Onward) GEP ТЕР GEP and ТЕР RPP (2000 Onward) Miscellaneous Exercise Exercise A Comprehensive Example Introduction SEP Problem for Sub-transmission Level Basics System Under Study Input Data Solution Information Results SEP Problem for Transmission Level NEP Problem for Both Sub-transmission and Transmission Levels RPP Problem for Both Sub-transmission and Transmission Levels Results for Results for Appendix A: DC Load Flow 245 Appendix B: A Simple Optimization Problem 249 Appendix C: AutoRegressive Moving Average (ARMA) Modeling

7 xiv Contents Appendix D: What is EViews 261 Appendix E: The Calculations of the Reliability Indices 263 Appendix F: Garver Test System Data 267 Appendix G: Geographical Information System 271 Appendix H: 84-Bus Test System Data 273 Appendix I: Numerical Details of the Basic Approach 285 Appendix J: 77-Bus Test System Data 287 Appendix K: Numerical Details of the Hybrid Approach 301 Appendix L: Generated Matlab M-files Codes 307 Index 369