THE INFLUENCE OF COOPERATIVE WRITING TECHNIQUE TO TEACH WRITING SKILL VIEWED FROM STUDENTS CREATIVITY

Transcription

1 THE INFLUENCE OF COOPERATIVE WRITING TECHNIQUE TO TEACH WRITING SKILL VIEWED FROM STUDENTS CREATIVITY (An Experimental Research at the Fourth Semester of English Department of Slamet Riyadi University, Surakarta in the Academic Year of 2013/2014) A Thesis Written by: Doni Alfaruqy SRN : S Written as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Graduate Education Degree of English Language Teaching ENGLISH EDUCATION OF GRADUATE PROGRAM TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION FACULTY SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY SURAKARTA 2014 i

2 ii

3 iii

4 PRONOUNCEMENT This is to certify that I myself write this thesis entitled The Influence of Cooperative Writing Technique to Teach Writing Skill Viewed from Students Creativity (An Experimental Research at the Fourth Semester of English Department of Slamet Riyadi University in the Academic Year of 2013/2014). It is not a plagiarism or made by others. Anything related to other s work is written in quotation, the source of which is listed on the references. If then this pronouncement proves incorrect, I am ready to accept any academic punishment, including the withdrawal or cancelation of my academic degree Surakarta, Doni Alfaruqy iv

5 ABSTRACT Doni Alfaruqy. S The Influence of Cooperative Writing Technique to Teach Writing Skill Viewed from Students Creativity (An Experimental Research at the Fourth Semester of English Department of Slamet Riyadi University in the Academic Year of 2013/2014). First Consultant: Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd. Second Consultant: Dr. Sumardi, M.Hum. Thesis. Surakarta. English Education Department. Graduate School. Sebelas Maret University. This research aims at finding out whether: (1) Cooperative Writing is more effective than Guided Writing in teaching writing to the fourth semester students of Slamet Riyadi University; (2) the fourth semester students of Slamet Riyadi University having high creativity have better writing skill than those having low creativity; and (3) there is an interaction between teaching techniques and students creativity to teach writing. This experimental research was conducted at Slamet Riyadi University in the academic year of 2013/2014. The population of the research is the fourth semester students of Slamet Riyadi University. Two classes were taken by using cluster random sampling. The class B was used as the experimental class and class A as the control class. Each of classes consists of 24 students. In collecting the data, several steps were applied: (1) giving creativity test to know student s level of creativity; (2) conducting teaching techniques to teach the students; (3) carrying out post-test; (4) analyzing the students writing scores. The data were obtained from creativity test and writing test. Furthermore, to analyze the data, the researcher applied descriptive and inferential statistics using ANOVA. The findings of the research are: (1) the students who are taught using Cooperative Writing technique have better writing skills than those who are taught using Guided Writing technique. In other words, the use of Cooperative Writing technique is more effective than Guided Writing technique; (2) the students who have high creativity have better writing skills than those who have low creativity and; (3) There is no interaction between teaching techniques and students creativity to teach writing. Therefore, Cooperative Writing technique is an effective technique to teach writing skill both for students having high and low creativity. On the other hand, Guided Writing technique is not effective technique for teaching writing skill both for students having high and low creativity. Keywords: writing skill, cooperative writing technique, guided writing technique, creativity, and experimental study. v

6 MOTTO Success is the ability to go from failure to failure without losing your enthusiasm (Sir Winshton Churchill) vi

7 DEDICATION This research is devoted to: My parents; Bapak Drs. Ahmad Syafei, M.Pd. and Ibu Dra. Sri Hapsari, M.Pd. Without your love, prayers, and support I would not be the person I am today. I am so lucky to have them. My brother; Feisal Hafid Thanks for your pray and support. vii

8 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Praise be to ALLAH SWT for His blessing so that the writer can accomplish this thesis. In addition, this thesis can never be accomplished without the help of others during the process of writing. Therefore, he would like to express his deepest gratitude and appreciation to: 1. The Director of Graduate Program of Sebelas Maret University. 2. The Dean of School Teacher and Education of Sebelas Maret University 3. The Head of the English Education Department of Graduate Program. 4. Dr. Ngadiso, M.Pd., the first consultant, for all his guidance, patience, advice, motivation and encouragement during completion of this thesis. 5. Dr. Sumardi, M.Hum., the second consultant, for all his guidance, patience, advice, and encouragement during completion of this thesis. 6. All of the lecturers of English Education Department of Graduate School of Sebelas Maret University, for the knowledge. 7. The Dean of School Teacher and Education of Slamet Riyadi University. 8. The Head of the English Education Department of Education Program. 9. All lecturers, especially writing lecturer of Slamet Riyadi University. 10. The fourth semester of students of Slamet Riyadi University 11. All of my beloved friends. The writer hopes and accepts gratefully every comment and suggestion. Hopefully, this thesis will be useful for the readers. Surakarta, July Doni Alfaruqy viii

9 TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE.. APPROVAL PAGE... LEGITIMATION PRONOUNCEMENT. ABSTRACT... MOTTO... DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT.. TABLE OF CONTENTS.. LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES... LIST OF APPENDICES. i ii iii iv v vi vii viii ix xi xii xiii CHAPTER I CHAPTER II INTRODUCTION A. Background of the research.... B. Problem Identification... C. Problem Limitation.. D. Problem Formulation E. Objectives of the Research. F. Significance of the Research.. LITERATURE REVIEW. A. Writing Skill.. 1. The Definition of Writing Skill The Characteristic of Good Writing Difficulties in Teaching Writing.. 4. The Stages in Writing Process Writing Assessment.. B. Cooperative Writing Technique. 1. The Definition of Cooperative Writing Technique The Procedure of Teaching Cooperative Writing Technique The Advantages and Disadvantages of Cooperative Writing Technique C. Guided Writing Technique. 1. The Definition of Guided Writing Technique The Procedures of Teaching Guided Writing Technique.. 3. The Advantages and Disadvantages of Guided Writing Technique.... D. Teaching Writing using Cooperative Writing ix

10 Technique Compared to Guided Writing Technique.. E. Expository Essay.. 1. The Definition of Expository Essay. 2. The Kinds of Expository Essay 3. Organization of Expository Essay.. 4. The Sample of Expository Essay.. F. Creativity. 1. The Definition of Creativity.. 2. The Test of Creativity The Measurement of Creativity G. Review of Related Research.. H. Rationale.. I. Hypothesis.. CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.. A. Context of the Research.. B. Research Schedule C. Research Method.. D. Population, Sample, and Sampling.. E. Techniques of Collecting Data.. 1. Writing Test.. 2. Creativity Test.. F. Techniques of Analyzing the Data. 1. Data Description. 2. Normality Test. 3. Homogeneity Test. G. Statistical Hypotheses CHAPTER IV THE RESULT OF THE STUDY. A. The Implementation of the research.. 1. Initial stage 2. Implementation stage. B. The Description of the Data. C. Normality and Homogeneity Test. D. Hypothesis Test E. Discussion of the Result of the Research. Chapter V CONCLUSION, IMPLICATION AND SUGGESTION. A. Conclusion. B. Implication and Suggestion.. BIBLIOGRAPHY.. APPENDICES x

11 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.1 Teacher Assessment 20 Table 2.2 The Descriptors of Rating Scale for Writing Marking Scheme 20 Construct Indicators Summary. Table 2.3 Micro and Macro Skill of Writing.. 22 Table 2.4 Construct indicators summary 24 Table 2.5 Teaching Writing using Cooperative Writing Technique Compared to 35 Guided Writing Technique.. Table 3.1 Time Schedule of Research 54 Table 3.2 Factorial Design 2x Table 3.3 The Function of Each Instrument Table 3.4 The Types and Indicators of Creativity Test.. 60 Table 3.5 The Summary of 2 x 2 ANOVA Table 4.1 The Summary of the Implementation of the Research.. 70 Table 4.2 Frequency Distribution of A Table 4.3 Frequency Distribution of A Table 4.4 Frequency Distribution of B Table 4.5 Frequency Distribution of B Table 4.6 Frequency Distribution of A 1 B Table 4.7 Frequency Distribution of A 1 B Table 4.8 Frequency Distribution of A 2 B Table 4.9 Frequency Distribution of A 2 B Table 4.10 Summary of Normality Test. 82 Table 4.11 Summary of Homogeneity test. 82 Table 4.12 Summary of a 2 x 2 Multifactor Analysis of 83 Variance.... Table 4.13 Summary of Table of the Mean Score.. 84 xi

12 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 4.1 The Histogram and Polygon of A 1 74 Figure 4.2 The Histogram and Polygon of A 2 75 Figure 4.3 The Histogram and Polygon of B 1 76 Figure 4.4 The Histogram and Polygon of B 2 77 Figure 4.5 The Histogram and Polygon of A 1 B Figure 4.6 The Histogram and Polygon of A 1 B Figure 4.7 The Histogram and Polygon of A 2 B Figure 4.8 The Histogram and Polygon of A 2 B xii

13 Appendix 1 Appendix 2 Appendix 3 Appendix 4 Appendix 5 Appendix 6 Appendix 7 Appendix 8 Appendix 9 Appendix 10 Appendix 11 Appendix 12 Appendix 13 Appendix 14 Appendix 15 Appendix 16 Appendix 17 Appendix 18 Appendix 19 Appendix 20 LIST OF APPENDICES Syllabus of Writing III (Essay Writing). Lesson Plan of Experimental Class Lesson Plan of Control Class... Blue Print of Creativity.. Creativity test Readability of Creativity Test Blue Print of Writing Test. Writing Test Readability of Writing Test The Level of Creativity in Experimental Class The Level of Creativity in Control Class Writing Test Score of Experimental Class Writing Test Score of Control Class. Writing Score of Students Having High Creativity.. Writing Score of Students Having Low Creativity Descriptive Statistics Normality Test Homogeneity Test.. ANOVA Students Works xiii