CHAHTA SIA HOKE STATE OF THE NATION Living out the Chahta Spirit of Faith, Family and Culture.

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1 CHAHTA SIA HOKE STATE OF THE NATION 2017 Living out the Chahta Spirit of Faith, Family and Culture.

Chief Gary Batton and Assistant Chief Jack Austin Jr. HALITO!

innovative in providing ways to create better opportunities for our people.

A tremendous amount of planning and strategy has taken place to ensure that we have opportunities for our tribal members.

2 Chief Gary Batton and Assistant Chief Jack Austin Jr. HALITO! As Chief of our Nation hearing the successes of our people is a joy and inspiration, and hearing the needs of people motivates me to work harder and be more innovative in providing ways to create better opportunities for our people. This last year has been focused on sustaining our Nation, our culture and our sovereignty with our eye to the future. A tremendous amount of planning and strategy has taken place to ensure that we have opportunities for our tribal members. New facilities are being built to better serve the Chahta people and approximately 1,000 new jobs have been added for a third year in a row. The hope is that a bright future lies ahead for our Nation a future that holds prosperity for our children and many more generations to come, generations that I hope will live out the Chahta spirit of faith, family and culture. Sincerly, Gary Batton, Chief The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma 1

YAKOKE The Chahta Sia Hoke State of the Nation 2017 publication is provided by Chief Gary Batton as a review of the year s events and source of historical information.

3 YAKOKE The Chahta Sia Hoke State of the Nation 2017 publication is provided by Chief Gary Batton as a review of the year s events and source of historical information. Although the Trail of Tears and the enactment of the Self-Governance Act are not recent events, they are pivotal in our tribal history upon which this first volume finds worthy of notice in order to share the basics of the story of how the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma is in existence. Gary Batton Chief Jack Austin Jr. Assistant Chief Lisa Reed Executive Director of Communications Judy Allen Historic Projects Officer Janine Dills Historic Projects Executive Assistant Jason Hicks Public Relations Graphic Designer Stories contributed by Judy Allen unless otherwise noted. Photos contributed by Judy Allen, Deidre Elrod, Lisa Reed, Jeanine Connolly and Jason Hicks unless otherwise noted. TABLE OF CONTENTS The Choctaw Nation values provide a measurement and framework for the way we do things. The foundation of Faith, Family and Culture is our strength. Upon this foundation are values of responsibility, honor, accountability, servant leadership, teamwork, and integrity. These values are used as measurements when making decisons. They are also a guiding beacon on how to live, and how to treat one another. Halito!... 1 Table of Contents... 2 Chahta Spirit Longest Serving Council Member... 4 Choctaw Nation Tribal Council... 5 Choctaw Nation Tribal Council through last 38 years of history... 7 The Choctaw Trail of Tears...8 Farewell to the American People... 9 From Termination Policy to Self Governance...10 Faith Ten Commandments Grounded in belief and faith...15 Chaplains give guidance Living for Christ for 97 years Panki Bok...20 See You at the Pole Family Celebrating a centennial...22 A sweeter rose never bloomed...24 Once a princess, always a princess Patriot, Hero, Father Rattan legend turns Culture Words Win War...34 Oklahoma bridges honor Choctaw Code Talkers...37 Tributes to Veterans...38 Home for the holidays...40 Nature and agriculture...43 Department of Risk Management...47 Emergency Notifications...47 A grocery store... and more Farming, a Chahta tradition Historic Projects Office PO Box 1210 Durant OK ext

Helping other ranchers in need... 50 Impactful Water Settlement recognizes tribal sovereignty...51 Learning about our ancestors...52 Choctaw Nation working with Science Center.

4 Helping other ranchers in need Impactful Water Settlement recognizes tribal sovereignty...51 Learning about our ancestors...52 Choctaw Nation working with Science Center...53 Growth of Choctaw Courts...54 English to Chahta Dictionary New book educates about Schools for the Choctaws Award-winning Chahtas Ireland pays tribute...60 Living for life Growth & Opportunity Raise the beam! Choctaw Nation Regional Medical Clinic Special art adorns clinic walls...73 Notable firsts in Health...74 Choctaw Blend brick...74 Fresh appearance at clinics...75 Idabel clinic rededicated...76 Independent Living Community gives elders autonomy Fighting hunger for our children...79 Head Start celebrates safety features...80 Chahta Himmak Pila Pehlichi Career expo provides opportunities ACE Team serves others...83 Chahta Worldwide Miles to go before I sleep Choctaw Tourism Community Development Construction Annual Review...90 Highlights

CHAHTA SPIRIT Longest Serving Council Member Ted Dosh, who served the Choctaw Nation as District 9 Tribal Council member since 1979, passed away on October 7, 2016.

The senior member of the Tribal Council, Ted was respected and loved among peers, community, the elders and others he represented, as well as his many friends and beloved family.

5 CHAHTA SPIRIT Longest Serving Council Member Ted Dosh, who served the Choctaw Nation as District 9 Tribal Council member since 1979, passed away on October 7, He was a lifelong resident of Bennington, and devoted decades to the Choctaw people. The senior member of the Tribal Council, Ted was respected and loved among peers, community, the elders and others he represented, as well as his many friends and beloved family. Ted and his wife, Carolyn, had been married for 51 years. During his tenure as District 9 Councilman, Ted was on the ground level of planning ventures for economic growth in the area and expanding services for the Choctaw people. He concentrated on improving opportunities for education and jobs in the community. Education, always one of Ted s top priorities, is evident in three centers he was very proud of the Bennington and Durant Child Development Centers, and the Early Head Start in Durant. He was also a strong supporter of other tribal education programs such as Success Through Academic Recognition (STAR), Higher Education, and Career Development. Ted was also familiar with working with officials on the city, county, state and federal levels. He knew it took commitment to create partnerships resulting in economic development such as the Choctaw resort, travel plazas, emergency response centers, clinics and wellness centers. Ted was the last of the original Council still serving. A complete listing of Choctaw Council from the first swearing-in for the election to the present is on Pages 6-7. The constitutional vote in 1983 eliminated the three at-large seats, forming the 12-person Council and allowing Choctaws living outside the boundaries to select the Council member of their choice as their representative. 4

6 CHOCTAW NATION TRIBAL COUNCIL The Choctaw Nation Tribal Council is made up of 12 members. The members of the Council are the Legislative body of government for the Choctaw Nation, holding four-year terms of office. Their duties include enacting laws of the Choctaw Nation and approving the annual tribal budget. The Council also prescribes election procedures and regulations for tribal elections, and makes decisions pertaining to aquiring, leasing, and selling tribal property. Thomas Williston District 1 Tony Ward District 2 Kenny Bryant District 3 Delton Cox District 4 Ronald Perry District 5 Jennifer Woods District 6 Jack Austin District 7 Perry Thompson District 8 James Dry District 9 Anthony Dillard District 10 Bob Pate District 11 James Frazier District 12 5

7 CHOCTAW NATION TRIBAL COUNCIL T FY 1980 District #1 Randy Jacobs District #2 Lem Ludlow District #3 Malcolm Delois Wade District #4 Rubin White, Speaker District #5 William Martin District #6 Vacant (Lillian Sullivan ) District #7 Bertram Bobb District #8 Edna Belvin District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Jasper Scott District #11 Harriet James District #12 Vacant (E. Leroy John ) At Large #1 Buster Ned At Large #2 Harvey York At Large #3 Dan Crossley FY 1981 District #1 Randy Jacobs District #2 Lem Ludlow District #3 Malcolm Delois Wade District #4 Rubin White District #5 William Martin District #6 Lillian Sullivan District #7 Bertram Bobb District #8 Edna Belvin District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Jasper Scott District #11 Harriet James District #12 E. Leroy John At Large #1 Buster Ned At Large #2 Harvey York, Speaker At Large #3 Dan Crossley FY 1982 District #1 Randy Jacobs District #2 Lem Ludlow (resigned ) District #3 Leslie James District #4 Dale Cox District #5 William Martin District #6 Lillian Sullivan District #7 Bertram Bobb District #8 Edna Belvin District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Jasper Scott District #11 Harriet James District #12 E. Leroy John At Large #1 Buster Ned At Large #2 Harvey York, Speaker At Large #3 Dan Crossley FY 1983 District #1 Randy Jacobs District #2 Billy Paul Baker (seated ) District #3 Leslie James District #4 Dale Cox District #5 William Martin District #6 Lillian Sullivan District #7 Bertram Bobb 6 District #8 Edna Belvin District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Jasper Scott District #11 Harriet James District #12 E. Leroy John At Large #1 Buster Ned At Large #2 Harvey York, Speaker At Large #3 Dan Crossley FY 1984 District #1 Ryman Battiest District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Leslie James District #4 Dale Cox, Speaker District #5 William Martin District #6 Randle Durant District #7 Bertram Bobb District #8 Wilson James District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Ronald Scott District #11 William Frye (resigned ) District #12 Lu Bauer At Large seats eliminated FY 1985 District #1 Ryman Battiest District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Leslie James District #4 Dale Cox, Speaker District #5 William Martin District #6 Randle Durant District #7 Bertram Bobb District #8 Wilson James District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Ronald Scott District #11 Dena Cantrell District #12 Lu Bauer FY 1986 District #1 Ryman Battiest District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Leslie James District #4 Dale Cox, Speaker District #5 William Martin District #6 Randle Durant District #7 Bertram Bobb District #8 Wilson James District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Ronald Scott District #11 Dena Cantrell District #12 Lu Bauer FY 1987 District #1 Ryman Battiest District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Leslie James District #4 Dale Cox, Speaker District #5 William Martin District #6 Randle Durant District #7 Bertram Bobb District #8 Wilson James District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Ronald Scott District #11 Dena Cantrell District #12 Lu Bauer FY 1988 District #1 Ryman Battiest District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Leslie James District #4 Dale Cox, Speaker District #5 John Lewis District #6 Randle Durant District #7 Bertram Bobb District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Ronald Scott District #11 Dena Cantrell District #12 Lu Bauer FY 1989 District #1 Ryman Battiest District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Leslie James District #4 Dale Cox, Speaker District #5 John Lewis District #6 Randle Durant District #7 Bertram Bobb District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Ronald Scott District #11 Dena Cantrell District #12 Lu Bauer FY 1990 District #1 Ryman Battiest, Speaker District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Leslie James District #4 Dale Cox District #5 John Lewis District #6 Randle Durant District #7 Bertram Bobb District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 E.J. Johnson District #11 Dena Cantrell District #12 Lu Bauer (resigned ) FY 1991 District #1 Ryman Battiest District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Leslie James District #4 Dale Cox District #5 John Lewis District #6 Randle Durant District #7 Bertram Bobb, Speaker District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 E.J. Johnson District #11 Dena Cantrell District #12 James Frazier (2.9.91) FY 1992 District #1 Ryman Battiest District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Leslie James District #4 Dale Cox District #5 John Lewis District #6 Randle Durant, Speaker District #7 Bertram Bobb District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 E.J. Johnson District #11 Wesley Samuels District #12 James Frazier FY 1993 District #1 Charley Jones District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Leslie James District #4 Lois Burton District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Randle Durant, Speaker District #7 Bertram Bobb District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 E.J. Johnson District #11 Wesley Samuels District #12 James Frazier FY 1994 District #1 Charley Jones District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Leslie James District #4 Lois Burton District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Randle Durant, Speaker District #7 Bertram Bobb District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 E.J. Johnson District #11 Wesley Samuels District #12 James Frazier FY 1995 District #1 Charley Jones District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Leslie James District #4 Lois Burton District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Randle Durant, Speaker District #7 Bertram Bobb District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 E.J. Johnson District #11 Wesley Samuels District #12 James Frazier FY 1996 District #1 Charley Jones District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Leslie James District #4 Lois Burton District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Randle Durant, Speaker District #7 Bertram Bobb District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 E.J. Johnson District #11 Wesley Samuels District #12 James Frazier FY 1997 District #1 Charley Jones District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Leslie James District #4 Lois Burton District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Randle Durant, Speaker District #7 Bertram Bobb District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 E.J. Johnson District #11 Wesley Samuels District #12 James Frazier FY 1998 District #1 Charley Jones District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Leslie James District #4 Lois Burton District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Randle Durant, Speaker District #7 Glenn Johnson District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 E.J. Johnson District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 1999 District #1 Charley Jones District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Leslie James District #4 Lois Burton District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Randle Durant, Speaker District #7 Glenn Johnson District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 E.J. Johnson District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2000 District #1 Charley Jones District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Kenny Bryant District #4 Lois Burton District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Randle Durant District #7 Glenn Johnson District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 E.J. Johnson District #11 Bob Pate, Speaker District #12 James Frazier FY 2001 District #1 Charley Jones District #2 Billy Paul Baker

8 HROUGH LAST 38 YEARS OF HISTORY District #3 Kenny Bryant, Speaker District #4 Delton Cox District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Randle Durant District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 E.J. Johnson District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2002 District #1 Charley Jones District #2 Billy Paul Baker District #3 Kenny Bryant, Speaker District #4 Delton Cox District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Randle Durant District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 E.J. Johnson District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2003 District #1 Charley Jones District #2 Billy Paul Baker (resigned 03) District #3 Kenny Bryant, Speaker District #4 Delton Cox District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Randle Durant District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 E.J. Johnson District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2004 District #1 Hap Ward District #2 Mike Amos ( ) District #3 Kenny Bryant, Speaker District #4 Delton Cox District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Randle Durant (passed 3.04) District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 E.J. Johnson District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2005 District #1 Hap Ward District #2 Mike Amos District #3 Kenny Bryant, Speaker District #4 Delton Cox District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Joe Coley (seated 7.04) District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 E.J. Johnson District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2006 District #1 Hap Ward District #2 Mike Amos, Speaker District #3 Kenny Bryant District #4 Delton Cox District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Joe Coley District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Anthony Dillard District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2007 District #1 Hap Ward District #2 Mike Amos, Speaker District #3 Kenny Bryant District #4 Delton Cox District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Joe Coley District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Anthony Dillard District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2008 District #1 Hap Ward District #2 Mike Amos District #3 Kenny Bryant District #4 Delton Cox, Speaker District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Joe Coley District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Anthony Dillard District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2009 District #1 Hap Ward District #2 Mike Amos District #3 Kenny Bryant District #4 Delton Cox, Speaker District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Joe Coley District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Anthony Dillard District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2010 District #1 Hap Ward (seat vacant ) District #2 Mike Amos District #3 Kenny Bryant District #4 Delton Cox, Speaker District #5 Charlotte Jackson District #6 Joe Coley District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Anthony Dillard District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2011 District #1Thomas Williston (2.11) District #2 Mike Amos District #3 Kenny Bryant District #4 Delton Cox, Speaker District #5 Charlotte Jackson (passed 2.11) District #6 Joe Coley District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Anthony Dillard District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2012 District #1Thomas Williston District #2 Tony Messenger District #3 Kenny Bryant District #4 Delton Cox, Speaker District #5 Ronald Perry District #6 Joe Coley District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Anthony Dillard District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2013 District #1Thomas Williston District #2 Tony Messenger District #3 Kenny Bryant District #4 Delton Cox, Speaker District #5 Ronald Perry District #6 Joe Coley District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Anthony Dillard District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2014 District #1 Thomas Williston District #2 Tony Messenger District #3 Kenny Bryant District #4 Delton Cox, Speaker District #5, Ronald Perry District #6 Joe Coley District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Anthony Dillard District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2015 District #1 Thomas Williston, Speaker District #2 Tony Messenger District #3 Kenny Bryant District #4 Delton Cox District #5, Ronald Perry District #6 Joe Coley District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District # 10 Anthony Dillard District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2016 District #1 Thomas Williston, Speaker District #2 Tony Ward District #3 Kenny Bryant District #4 Delton Cox District #5, Ronald Perry District #6 Joe Coley District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh District #10 Anthony Dillard District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2017 District #1 Thomas Williston District #2 Tony Ward District #3 Kenny Bryant District #4 Delton Cox, Speaker District #5, Ronald Perry District #6 Joe Coley District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 Ted Dosh (passed ) District #10 Anthony Dillard District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier FY 2018 District #1 Thomas Williston District #2 Tony Ward District #3 Kenny Bryant District #4 Delton Cox District #5, Ronald Perry District #6 Jennifer Woods District #7 Jack Austin, Sr. District #8 Perry Thompson District #9 James Dry District #10 Anthony Dillard District #11 Bob Pate District #12 James Frazier 7

THE CHOCTAW TRAIL OF TEARS On May 28, 1830, President Andrew Jackson put his name in ink to a law that drastically changed life for the Choctaw people.

9 THE CHOCTAW TRAIL OF TEARS On May 28, 1830, President Andrew Jackson put his name in ink to a law that drastically changed life for the Choctaw people. The Indian Removal Act relocated Indian Nations westward to unsettled lands in what are now the states of Kansas and Oklahoma. Among those forced to move were the Choctaw, Cherokee, Creek, Seminole and Chickasaw, known as the Five Civilized Tribes. The first tribe to relocate after the Indian Removal Act was the Choctaw. On September 27, 1830, Choctaws signed the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek. The removal began in When the Choctaws reached Little Rock, according to Choctaw Heritage by Betty Jeanne Ward Poulin, Chief Nitakechi stated to the Arkansas Gazette that the removal was a trail of tears and death. This coined the phrase that is still used today when referring to all of the tribal removals. The plight of the Choctaws boarding boats in Memphis French historian and political writer Alexis de Tocqueville tells his perspective from the unique eyewitness account of the Choctaws boarding of a steamboat at Memphis as they traversed the Trail of Tears toward their new home. He called it an expulsion. Here is an excerpt regarding the boarding of the boat. The Chactas were a powerful nation living on the frontiers of the States of Alabama and Georgia. After long negotiations they finally, this year, succeeded in persuading them to leave their country and emigrate... The agent of the American government, who was accompanying them and was responsible for paying their passage, when he learned that a steamboat had just arrived, ran to the bank. But we had not left yet: it was a question of embarking our exiled tribe, its horses and its dogs. Here began a scene which, in truth, had something lamentable about it. The Indians advanced mournfully toward the bank. First they had their horses go aboard; several of them, little accustomed to the forms of civilized life, took fright and plunged into the Mississip[p]i, from which they could be pulled out only with difficulty. Then came In the whole scene there was an air of ruin and destruction, something which betrayed a final and irrevocable adieu; one couldn t watch without feeling one s heart wrung. The Indians were tranquil, but sombre and taciturn. There was one who could speak English and of whom I asked why the Chactas were leaving their country. To be free, he answered, I could never get any other reason out of him. Alexis de Tocqueville the men who, according to ordinary habits, carried only their arms; then the women carrying their children attached to their backs or wrapped in the blankets they wore; they were, besides, burdened down with loads containing their whole wealth. Finally the old people were led on. Among them was a woman 110 years old. I have never seen a more appalling shape. She was naked save for a covering which left visible, at a thousand places, the most emaciated figure imaginable. She was escorted by two or three generations of grandchildren. To leave one s country at that age to seek one s fortune in a foreign land, what misery! Among the old people there was a young girl who had broken her arm a week before; for want of care the arm had been frozen below the fracture When everything was on board the dogs approached the bank; but they refused to enter the vessel and began howling frightfully. Their masters had to bring them on by force. An excerpt from the historical letter to his mother, Countess de Tocqueville, the plight of the Choctaws boarding boats in Memphis as witnessed by Alexis de Tocqueville. Reprinted from Selected Letters on Politics and Society, ed. Roger Boesche; trans. James Toupin and Roger Boesche (Berkley: University of California Press,1985) Copyright 1985 The Regents of the University of California. Reprinted by permission. 8

10 FAREWELL TO THE AMERICAN PEOPLE Written in 1831 by Choctaw Chief George W. Harkins Having determined to emigrate west of the Mississippi river this fall, I have thought proper in bidding you farewell We as Choctaws rather chose to suffer and be free, than live under the degrading influence of laws, which our voice could not be heard in their formation. It is possible to retrace the steps of those who came from Mississippi on that long, sad march along the trek of the Trail of Tears in Village Creek State Park, Arkansas. Here the path is worn down so far below ground level the roots of huge trees are exposed to view as you walk along the road. It is a very quiet and somber space to reflect while walking through the memories of those who came before. 9

11 FROM TERMINATION POLICY TO SELF GOVERNANCE contributed photo 10

12 In the mid-1940s there was a move toward less federal financial obligation to Indians, and less authority on tribal lands. In 1953, Public Law 280 transferred jurisdiction over tribal lands to state and local governments in five states California, Wisconsin, Oregon, Minnesota and Nebraska, with respect to criminal offenses and civil causes of actions committed or arising on Indian reservations within the states and for other purposes. Alaska was added in (1) Resolution 108 was also passed by the House in 1953, which proposed an end to federal supervision and services for tribes. (2) Congress began terminating funding for services and Native Americans began to organize opposition to the termination. From , 109 tribes were terminated and federal responsibility and jurisdiction were turned over to state governments. The fight from tribal people against termination intensified. Even some Native American churches began to be involved in a grassroots effort of lobby against termination of services and termination of tribes. (3) In 1959, The Choctaw Termination Act was passed (Public Law ). Congress repealed the law on August 24, If not repealed, the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma would have ceased on August 25, (4) Both Presidents Lyndon Johnson and Richard Nixon repudiated termination of the federal government s relationship with Indian tribes. Retaining sovereign rights as a Nation was critical. Regaining the right to govern ourselves as a tribe was vital to being a Nation. With the Indian Self Determination Act in 1975, the Choctaw Nation once again had the opportunity to elect its Chief, rather than have an appointed Chief from the federal government. Elections were held and a constitution was passed by the Choctaw people in 1979 and a new one in 1983, which the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma continues to operate under. Self-governance gives the tribe the opportunity to contract federal programs with funding, and obtain grants to serve communities and families in a way that improves lives, creates better futures for Choctaws both inside and outside the tribal boundaries, and fulfills the mission of the tribe. We must affirm the right of the first Americans to remain Indians while exercising their rights as Americans. We must affirm their right to freedom of choice and self-determination. We must seek new ways to provide Federal assistance to Indians-with new emphasis on Indian self-help and with respect for Indian culture. And we must assure the Indian people that it is our desire and intention that the special relationship between the Indian and his government grow and flourish. For, the first among us must be not be last. President Lyndon Johnson, Message to Congress The Forgotten American, March 6, (1)Public Law 280 (Pub.L , August 15, 1953, codified as 18 U.S.C. 1162, 28 U.S.C. 1360, and 25 U.S.C ) is a federal law of the United States establishing a method whereby States may assume jurisdiction over reservation Indians, as stated in McClanahan v. Arizona State Tax Commission. 411 U.S. 164, 177 (1973). (2)House Concurrent Resolution 108, 83rd Congress, first session 1953; archived Digital library OKstate.edu, Indian Affairs: Laws and Treaties, Vol. VI, Laws. (3)Bertram Bobb Legacy Film com/ (4)Valerie Lambert, Political Protest, Conflict, and Tribal Nationalism: The Oklahoma Choctaws and the Termination Crisis of Tribe regained Self Governance Under the Indian Self Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975, PL , the Choctaw Nation had the freedom to negotiate with the federal government so the tribe could hold elections, take over administration of the health services, contract BIA programs, and even begin businesses. A constitution was written and voted on, setting a platform for government. Tribal citizens were able to select their choice of Chief and Council members. Revenues from the tribe s economic development (slowly at first) came in, more jobs were created, and the tribe was able to offer members services that were paid from funds generated by the Choctaw Nation s own economy. Ideas flourished, and the Choctaw Nation had opportunites to become more affluent. As the stress of survival and making sure families were fed began to wane, the Choctaw Nation was able to focus once more on the culture. Programs to revive stickball, dance, language and arts and crafts have been initiated. Today, the tribal economy continues to grow and is becoming more and more sustainable. The cultural activities and teachings of the tribe are seen as tremendously valuable. 11

13 12 FAITH NA YIMMI

The Bertram Bobb Chapel was built on the Tvshka Homma Capitol Grounds in 2014.

14 The Bertram Bobb Chapel was built on the Tvshka Homma Capitol Grounds in Named in honor of longtime Tribal Chaplain Bertram Bobb, the chapel is surrounded by tranquil hills and provides a place to worship, hold special events and gospel singings. The National Choctaw Day of Prayer service is held annually prior to the Sunday morning worship service on the Sunday of the Labor Day Festival. 13

TEN COMMANDMENTS Framed copies of the Ten Commandments have been placed in all tribal facilities, written in the Chahta and English languages.

While courthouses and state capitols across the United States have taken monuments of the Ten Commandments down, the tribe has erected one in both Chahta and English near the historic Council

15 TEN COMMANDMENTS Framed copies of the Ten Commandments have been placed in all tribal facilities, written in the Chahta and English languages. This shows the freedom to exercise faith in God and His Son, Jesus Christ. While courthouses and state capitols across the United States have taken monuments of the Ten Commandments down, the tribe has erected one in both Chahta and English near the historic Council Chambers at Tvshka Homma. The outward expression of faith is especially significant in today s world when so many of the Ten Commandments monuments are being removed from courthouse lawns, said Chief Batton. The Choctaw Nation is proud to display the framed copies in our buildings and we were proud to unveil the monument on our sovereign land in front of the Council Chambers at Tvshka Homma. This is so important, we actually looked into rescuing the monument that was removed from the State Capitol and placing it at the Choctaw Nation, said Assistant Chief Jack Austin, Jr. That monument had found another home, so we designed our own, with the Choctaw language being included. Unveiling of the monument was celebrated at the annual Trail of Tears Walk festivities held May 20 at Tvshka Homma. 14

GROUNDED IN BELIEF AND FAITH Gospel singings Announcements of gospel singings at locations across the Choctaw Nation now have a placeholder on the

The dates and places can be viewed so that all can participate and spread the information of the singing.

16 GROUNDED IN BELIEF AND FAITH Gospel singings Announcements of gospel singings at locations across the Choctaw Nation now have a placeholder on the internet on Choctaw Nation.com so they can be seen globally. The dates and places can be viewed so that all can participate and spread the information of the singing. Annual singings include the Sunday night singing during the Labor Day Festival at the Bertram Bobb Chapel, which features singing in the Choctaw language. Leading the way to a better future for the Choctaw Nation The youth share morning prayers at Choctaw Nation Day Cares and Head Starts. 15

Ever since he and his wife, Bernice, dedicated their lives to Christ in 1974 they have been working for the Lord through Olin Williams bus ministry, Sunday school teaching and his preaching.

17 Chaplains give guidance We serve God in ALL things, says Olin Williams, the Choctaw Nation Employee Chaplain. When Chief Batton appointed me, he said to be like a pastor, said Olin, who has been ministering since the 70s. Ever since he and his wife, Bernice, dedicated their lives to Christ in 1974 they have been working for the Lord through Olin Williams bus ministry, Sunday school teaching and his preaching. Olin said this new opportunity had broadened his scope of what Christian work is and matured him as an individual. Serving a large group of employees as a Chaplain has wide-ranging responsibilities. Olin says that he is on call whenever needs arise, such as funerals, sickness in families, or need of prayer. He has been called upon for weddings, and will counsel couples prior to any ceremony. When a traditional Choctaw wedding is requested, Olin makes sure the participants stay with Christian elements. A Choctaw church that sings hymns from the traditional Choctaw hymnal but didn t know the translation and theology of the songs asked me to come and teach them the translations and theology behind the songs, said Olin. He enjoys projects such as that, and is following through with some basic language lessons to the parishioners to help them with the songs so they have a more complete understanding. As Chaplain, Olin gives devotionals in person and by s for the employees, lifting spirits. He calls these gold nuggets he has picked up through the years and is blessed to share. I sometimes do counseling, although if I feel professional counseling is needed, I make referrals, said Olin. And there have been occasions when I have made provisions for transportation of employees to see relatives who are in the hospital. There are a lot of needs that pop up. Olin said that when employees need to relieve stress by talking, he provides an ear. He makes it clear that he respects the pastors of the churches that the employees are currently attending. I don t want to be stealing sheep, said Olin. This is not about denominations. I don t want to confuse employees I rely on God for wisdom in helping employees. I Johnnie Hutson don t want to make a secular government. I want God to show me what to do. There is a group of eight employees called the Apela group that Olin coordinates with to help with pastoring employees when needed. We are respectful of the employee s privacy, assured Olin. God gives us the wisdom I m just a guy who wants to listen. I don t claim to know everything, because I don t, but I want to help. As a man of God, Olin says it is important to bring a concept of Christianity to everyone s attention. My dream would be as people get more comfortable with their faith they become more open and they can talk about it, and they can walk it. It begins in the heart first. Olin William s Office of Employee Chaplain is located in the Tribal Headquarters. He may be reached by calling (580) ext or by ing olinwilliams@choctawnation.com. Chaplain for the Commerce Division of the tribe is based in the Gaming operation, which has over 3,000 employees. Johnnie Hutson has served four years as Chaplain, after returning from a deployment as a National Guard Chaplain. Hutson is thankful for the opportunity to assist others. People need to have someone they can go to and get help from, said Hutson. He also said a Chaplaincy is good for the working environment, and that managers and supervisors were very supportive of staff coming to him for assistance, counseling or just to talk about a problem. It is proven 16

that people can be more productive when they have issues and problems dealt with. Maintaining confidentiality is the cornerstone of the program.

18 that people can be more productive when they have issues and problems dealt with. Maintaining confidentiality is the cornerstone of the program. Private information will not be disclosed to anyone by the Chaplain without permission. There are many things the Chaplain is available to do. Officiating weddings is among the most frequent requests, and there are pre-marital discussions and follow-ups with the newlyweds. The Chaplain is able to officiate funerals, provide counsel to bereaved associates or immediate family members, visit and report on sick and injured workers, and even visit associates or immediate family members who are incarcerated, assist family members during time of separation and help with transition of individuals back into the mainstream. The Chaplains are knowledgeable about programs that are available to associates and tribal members and are able to help coordinate assistance to fit the need. Hutson s office is at the Durant gaming operation, and is available to all gaming associates across the Choctaw Nation. I couldn t think of a better calling or a better place to minister, said Hutson. contributed photo 17

Living for Christ for 97 years Lilliella Willis loves Jesus and you can see it in everything around her. Her 97 years have been devoted to God and family.

There are also photos of her beloved family and some fun Christmas items. It is Christmas all year around here! says her son, Glenn. She loves Christmas.

19 Living for Christ for 97 years Lilliella Willis loves Jesus and you can see it in everything around her. Her 97 years have been devoted to God and family. Her smile is gentle and her eyes are full of love. She surrounds her bed and chairs with pictures of Jesus, her Bible and Sunday school work. There are also photos of her beloved family and some fun Christmas items. It is Christmas all year around here! says her son, Glenn. She loves Christmas. There is a small tree made of bright tinsel on the wall above her bed and a plush penguin pillow to keep her comfy. She said they were gifts and she enjoys looking at them. Her pictures and items bring out her happy smile and she begins to talk about her daily activities. There is a Bible word search on the bed beside her that she has begun. It goes along with my Sunday School lesson, she says. I go to Bethel Hill Church. And I read my Bible every morning. The family is active at the church. Her son had just returned from mowing its massive lawn. In addition to enjoying church and working puzzles, Lilliella enjoys television, and one of her favorite shows is The Golden Girls. She laughs at the funny things the women on the show get into. Until recently, Lilliella spent a lot of time doing craftwork, making Bible covers, songbook covers, God s Eyes and other decorative items. Lilliella was born to Samson Samuel and Kissey (Harris) Samuel, living about five miles from Smithville. She had five sisters and two brothers, although she is the only one still living. When she was 9 years old, her family sent her to Goodland Indian School for an education. She had a special friend, Norma Hicks, that she ran around with at Goodland. She left when she was in 8th grade to return to Smithville area to attend school there. I enjoy going to the Labor Day Festival. Last year it was too hot, said Lilliella. I like to just sit around. Sometimes I watch the ball games and I like the gospel singing. Her husband, Elliston, was in the army during WWII, serving in Germany. She has three sons who are also veterans, Everett Glenn, who served in Germany, Vernon James, who served in Korea and Norman Samuel who served in the Navy. She has two other sons and three daughters, Elliston Stricklin Jr., Edgel Samuel, Elfreda Willis, Ramona Stricklin, and Alice Thomas. What is the secret for living a long life? I try to eat food that is good for me and I don t eat salt. And I have a strong belief in God, said Lilliella. When asked what has made the biggest difference in her life as far as man s inventions go, she thought a long time before responding. Maybe electricity maybe a washing machine because we used to have to wash clothes in the river. Every year a family reunion brings the Samuel family together. Lilliella has 16 grandchildren and numerous great- and great-great-grandchildren. There are lots of other family members who are at the reunion each year. It is a big crowd, she says. I really look forward to it! 18

20 19

PANKI BOK A look back in history The Panki Bok Cumberland Presbyterian Church in Eagletown is one of the most recognized historic sites in the area.

There is a small church cemetery to the east. The tombstones are few, and Code Talker Calvin Wilson is among those resting in peace.

21 PANKI BOK A look back in history The Panki Bok Cumberland Presbyterian Church in Eagletown is one of the most recognized historic sites in the area. Formed in 1905 with a congregation of eight, it has endured over a century. A Choctaw fact to add to the information: Panki Bok means Grape Creek in the Choctaw language. There is a small church cemetery to the east. The tombstones are few, and Code Talker Calvin Wilson is among those resting in peace. Wilson donated the property the church is on, part of his original allotment. The historic Panki Bok Church in Eagletown was formed and received under the care of the Presbytery and placed upon the roll in The congregation was organized with eight members, led by C.J. Hudson. Today, the 113-year-old church is showing wear and tear, although it still has occasional use. During funerals and other services, parking is on the grassy lawn (when weather permits), and the solid wooden pews will easily seat about 80 parishioners. Two of the last funerals held in the church were for Patricia Ann McKinney on May 15, 2016, and Mildred Ashalintubbi August 18, Randy Jacobs performed the services. The handcrafted pulpit is the epitome of a country church, stained wood, a simple cross and a sturdy foundation. Even in the empty church when services are dismissed, echoes of Choctaw hymns seem to spirit toward the front of the church. Perhaps the love of an entire century of worship and close-knit families has seeped into the very wood of the church. Although moss creeps up the north side of the building and the belfry is leaning to the south, the Panki Bok Church offers a peaceful and wonderful opportunity to anyone passing through Eagletown. It is well worth a drive-by to view the site, contemplate the past, take a photo, and offer a prayer. This part of Mc- Curtain County history, and Choctaw history, continues to age experience it while you can. 20

SEE YOU AT THE POLE Faith was expressed throughout the Choctaw Nation in September with tribal staff and friends across the 10 1/2

This was an opportunity to come together, to build covenant relationships and trust, and bring unity through prayer, repentance,

This is an event the Choctaw Nation plans to continue.

the future leaders of the faith, family and culture of our tribe, said Chief Batton.

22 SEE YOU AT THE POLE Faith was expressed throughout the Choctaw Nation in September with tribal staff and friends across the 10 1/2 counties joining hands and praying during the nationwide call to See You At the Pole. This was an opportunity to come together, to build covenant relationships and trust, and bring unity through prayer, repentance, forgiveness and fellowship. Having an opportunity to gather in prayer is important. This is an event the Choctaw Nation plans to continue. I enjoy participating in See You At the Pole and am very thankful that the youth of our tribe are being included so they will be the future leaders of the faith, family and culture of our tribe, said Chief Batton. Choctaw Nation Day Care Centers from across the Choctaw Nation were among those participating in See You At the Pole Prayer Day. contributed photo The 66th annual observance of the National Day of Prayer was recognized on May 4, For where two or three are gathered together in my name, there am I in the midst of them. Matthew 18:20 KJV. 21

23 FAMILY CHUKKACHVFFA Celebrating a centennial 22

24 Ernestine McKay was born June 26, 1917 to Mary Elizabeth (Fowler) and Ernest Townsend. Ernestine s mother was a Wheelock graduate, where she graduated with tremendous accomplishments including being able to play piano. She even taught music as Ernestine grew up. Ernestine did not attend school at Wheelock, but remembers having her tonsils out there. My mother was a very talented, and a very artistic person, said Ernestine. She could sew, paint, sing and she could cook! The family made it through the depression by raising their own food and doing a lot of canning. We had hundreds of jars of canned goods from the garden, said Ernestine. And I remember my mother making the best butter! She would make extra and sell it for 25 cents a pound. Ernestine lived at Oklahoma Presbyterian College in Durant while taking courses at Southeastern State College, then she moved to Minneapolis, Minn. for graduate school. My mother instilled in me the importance of getting a good education and did everything she could to help me. Between my parents, and BIA and Choctaws, my sister and I got educated. Ernestine s entire career was as a BIA Social Worker for Native American families, spending two different assignments with the Rosebud Sioux, and also in Oregon, Oklahoma, Kansas, and 23 years on the Navajo reservation. She even spent some time in Alaska. I believe in working with families, said Ernestine. She enjoyed her career and felt she made a difference in many people s lives. I had lived for years way out in the sticks and had gotten tired of it. I was offered a job in Kansas with four small tribes and was able to go there until retirement. It was a nice town to live in so I stayed on there even after retirement, said Mrs. McKay. I came back to McCurtain County when my parents needed me, and eventually bought this house in Idabel. Widowed when she was young, two sons born to her and her husband from North Dakota were raised mostly by herself. They turned out good, says Ernestine. One is in California and one is in Minnesota. No grandchildren, but photos of great-nephews are in the front room, and she glows with pride as she talks about them, and how she enjoys them. She has had a good life being back in the Idabel area, and has fond memories of times of her youth. She spoke of when her father had taken her to some Choctaw dances. They were usually at night, and they just wore regular clothes, not the ceremonial clothes with white diamonds like you see today, she said. When asked if she ever danced, Ernestine s eye s twinkled and she laughed. I never danced with the Choctaw dancers, but I did plenty of other kinds of dancing and loved it! A highlight of her college life at Southeastern was when Mrs. Roosevelt visited the school and as a member of the Women s Council, Ernestine was in the receiving line. I had been gifted an evening gown from a kind person and it was so thrilling to be dressed up and to receive the First Lady. Travel was a fun part of her adult life, and she has visited many countries. I have had a great life! I have just about did it all maybe I would still like to visit the southeast islands. What does she think has made the biggest difference in all the inventions in her lifetime? The internet even though I don t have it, said Ernestine. When talking about NASA and the trips to space, her opinion was that even though space travel was expensive, it was important to keep going. And now they are talking about going to Mars! Living a long, successful life is admirable, and when asked for advice to impart upon the rest of us, especially the youth, Ernestine immediately offered these wise words, Stay in school. Go as far as you can. Get ahead! And stay off drugs! She has a large church family in Idabel who looks after her, bringing tapes of the services when she can t attend, as well as heaping plates of food from church dinners. A family of Sioux that she knew from her days as a social worker on the Rosebud reservation also lives in Idabel now, so that is a nice connection for her as well. Other friends and relatives check on her and help, and she is amazingly independent. A century of experiences, a happy smile and interesting stories make this lovely lady a joy to be around. 23

Edith Carney answered the phone with a chipper, even hearty, Hello! When asked about her very special birthday a couple of days earlier, she laughed and said, YES!

25 Edith Carney answered the phone with a chipper, even hearty, Hello! When asked about her very special birthday a couple of days earlier, she laughed and said, YES! I had a birthday and I had a BIG party! A lot of people came and my grandson gave me 100 roses one for each year! Edith celebrated her 100th birthday on January 10, 2017 with about 85 of her closest family and friends. I got 99 roses last year, she said sweetly, And my grandson, Sean, gave me 100 this year. Sean s dad, Calvin, assured her, Next year, you will get 101 roses! Her home was fragrant with the abundance of other floral tributes to the century of love she had given. I got a lot of cards, and people wrote a lot of nice things in them, said Edith. It makes me feel really good. Edith enjoys thinking about the good memories growing up with her mother and father. They worked hard for what they had her father sharecropped, farming crops like cotton, peanuts and soybeans. She had two brothers and seven sisters growing up. Their parents were Charles and Adelene Winningham. Two sisters, Jo Ella, 94, and Millie, 88, live in nearby towns. Both were able to attend the January birthday party. Growing up, chores were family affairs, so when cotton needed hoed, the kids went to the field. And A sweeter rose never bloomed 24

the work always had to get done. I remember once four of us kids were wanting to go to a party and our father told us we had to finish hoeing the cotton before we could go, Edith said.

26 the work always had to get done. I remember once four of us kids were wanting to go to a party and our father told us we had to finish hoeing the cotton before we could go, Edith said. I knew we would never finish in time to get cleaned up and get to the party, so I convinced the others to just hoe a little on each end of the little patch of cotton we needed to finish, leaving the middle. We didn t think our father would notice. He walked straight through the middle of the field the next day, and saw we hadn t finished he marched us right back out there and we hoed til we finished! Edith said the other three siblings were mad at her because she had talked them into skimping on their work, but she told them they should have thought for themselves, especially since they were all older than her. They were bigger than me so they didn t have to listen! They called me the ringleader! She learned great work ethics from her experiences growing up. She even sweeps the floor while on her walker. Instead of being the Christmas chef though, she said she was the boss during the Christmas cooking last year. That way, she could make sure the dressing was just right. When asked what the greatest invention was in her lifetime, Edith answered, Electricity. Even though electricity makes life convenient, she still has three antique lamps for when the power goes out, so she will always have light. Hobbies of jigsaw puzzles and reading keep her occupied. I don t know how anyone can just sit around and do nothing! Her puzzles are usually 500 or 1,000 pieces when she finishes one, she will pass it on to another puzzlemaster, but often leaves the outside framework for the recipient, so they have a head start. She had just finished putting together a 1,500-piece puzzle, and was looking forward to starting a slightly smaller one that was a birthday present a beautiful jigsaw of a Thomas Kincaid painting. Thanks to her granddaughter, there is always a nice stack of novels on the shelf beside Edith s chair. She reads every day, and if the book is interesting, she might keep reading until after midnight. There are a lot of authors she finds enjoyable, but Nora Roberts is her favorite. Television provides some entertainment for her as well. A fan of The Young and The Restless, The Voice and Judge Judy, Edith is looking forward to the next season of The Voice, and says she thinks the world needs some more people like Judge Judy. Determination is evident in story after story. Edith is a remarkable woman. She has built great memories for her family. Widowed at a young age, she raised two boys, Calvin, named after his father, and young Victor. Edith supported the family by taking care of children. At one point, her in-home childcare had nine children. They were all good children, she said, and went on to talk about her continued fondness for each and every one of them as they grew into adulthood. She still keeps in touch with some of them, and is happy to see them and their families in the neighborhood. I did love every one of the kids, she said. Edith learned to rely on herself when something needed done. A few years after her home had been built, the lot needed some sand to build it up for water drainage. Twenty-three dump trucks (yes 23 TRUCKS) of sand were carried by wheelbarrow and hand-shoveled by Edith to level out her yard. I used to have a beautiful yard with roses and everything, she said. I mowed it myself until I was 93, but one day I pulled back on the lawnmower and almost fell, so I thought it might be time to give that job to someone else. Does she have a secret diet for healthy living? Edith said she tries to eat healthy sometimes, but she eats plenty of chips, cookies and candy, too. She also tries to stay stress-free by saying what she thinks. I speak my mind. If I am wrong, I admit it. If not, I stick to it. I have had a good life! I bless the Lord every day! She said she thinks people are as young as they feel. How young does she feel? About 19! she laughs. Edith is a blessing to all the people in her life. Prayers for many more roses. 25

Yvonne Huser stands between a poster of herself Princess Pale Moon in full regalia, (this poster is one of the Postcards that is part of the historic post card collection on display at the Oklahoma

27 Yvonne Huser stands between a poster of herself Princess Pale Moon in full regalia, (this poster is one of the Postcards that is part of the historic post card collection on display at the Oklahoma State Capitol) and a portrait of her mother, Evening Star. Once a princess, always a princess Choctaw Chief William Durant bestowed the honor of Lifetime Princess of the Choctaw Nation upon Yvonne Lyons Huser in 1940, giving her the name of Princess Pale Moon. She represented her tribe at events, ceremonies, parades, pow wows and festivals all over the state of Oklahoma. Yvonne was 14 when Chief Durant gave her the name Princess Pale Moon, and has spent a lifetime finding ways to share the culture and history of the Choctaw Nation. Her mother, Dora May McClure Lyons, was known as Evening Star. Finding a book on Choctaw dances, Dora helped Yvonne interpret the dances in a way that a single dancer could show the steps and explain the meaning of many of the dances. Yvonne still has the huge white drum that served as a stage for her performances. Because she had studied ballet since the age of four, it was easy to transfer her talent to the legendary dances of the Choctaw. One dance hurt my feet, the Tick Dance! Yvonne remembered. In addition to dancing, she and her mother were available for speeches about Choctaw culture, and they had a large collection of artifacts that traveled with them for display while Dora lectured. Yvonne often wore tribal regalia, and in addition to Choctaw clothing, had other tribal regalia including beautiful white buckskin, bells and a full headdress that she would wear. She told a story of one of the many parades she was asked to lead wearing the headdress. The way to put the headdress on for the parade was to mount the horse, then put the headdress on after I was in the saddle. The reason was, if the horse looked back and saw the headdress, he might get spooked and bolt. Well, at a parade in Sulphur, the horse must have looked back! He bolted and it was all I could do to hang on. I did everything I could to stop him, but he ran and ran. It was over a mile before two other riders were able to get on either side of me and get the horse stopped! said Yvonne. She graduated law school, but rather than go into law practice with her husband, a love of art, family and heritage continued to fill Yvonne s time. They raised three daughters, and she opened an art 26

studio above her husband Stanley s law office. I had planned to enforce the treaties when I got my law degree! But I never practiced law! said Yvonne with a smile. Art had always interested her.

Yvonne doesn t claim to have a lot of formal training as an artist, although she took classes from two of the finest painters she had ever met.

28 studio above her husband Stanley s law office. I had planned to enforce the treaties when I got my law degree! But I never practiced law! said Yvonne with a smile. Art had always interested her. She said she was happy as a lark as a small child if she just had crayons and a Big Chief tablet. I began painting Mother s collection of baskets and artifacts when I got older. Yvonne doesn t claim to have a lot of formal training as an artist, although she took classes from two of the finest painters she had ever met. Yvonne enjoys painting still lifes of items she has arranged, portraits, and interpretive historical images. It is also impressive to see the collection of sculptures in her studio. The detail of the work is extraordinary. When asked how she had become so adept at doing facial features on portraits and sculptures, Yvonne said that it is important to know the shape of a skull, eye sockets, etc. She has models of skulls such as what medical students use to help teach people who take her art classes and she encourages them to feel their own face to learn the true shape of features. Once you know the true shape of something, you just draw the shape, Yvonne said. A pile of ribbons in front of artwork at the studio is testimony to the many awards she has won with her oils, charcoals and sculptures. A golden medal hangs on a deep red ribbon the 2004 Governor s Art Award for Community Service. I love being at the studio. This is where I feel at home, said Yvonne. She has been very active in her hometown of Holdenville, serving as the president of Holdenville Inter Tribal Arts and Crafts and the Society of Painters and Sculptors, marketing the work of Native Americans to museums and other outlets. Thanks to her service as the park commissioner, several beautification projects in Holdenville were developed. A walking path in Stroup Park is named for her. She designed four stained glass windows for the front doors of Barnard Memorial United Methodist Church and is a trustee there. Two of Yvonne s paintings were accepted by the Smithsonian s National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, D.C. In 2014, the Oklahoma Legislature presented a citation to Yvonne Huser Princess Pale Moon as recognition and commendation for her life s work promoting and preserving Native American culture in Oklahoma. This was the second time she had stood in front of the House of Representatives. Chief Harry Belvin had presented her to the Legislature to honor her for her work she was doing on behalf of Choctaws during the time he served as State Representative. When asked what her favorite painting is that she has done over the years, Yvonne responds, Generally, I like whatever I am working on at the time! Yvonne talked about the ups and downs of the art market. She said once she was having a hard time selling art, and had lost faith in being able to sell. One lady came in and bought everything I had on hand. And didn t argue about the price. Her world travels have taken her to many beautiful places and adventures, such as Egypt, where she saw King Tut s tomb when he was still ensconced there; Bethlehem before it was modernized; the River Jordan where she was able to obtain water for a spiritual portrait of a nephew; France where she viewed the Mona Lisa at the Louvre; Florence where she was awed by Michelangelo s David; and many other places that inspired her to create and share art and history. Nowhere I traveled was as beautiful as Oklahoma! she said. I was not worthy of any talent or awards, said Yvonne. God just sent it to me. 27

29 Patriot, Hero, Father Willard Leroy Ward was living in Houston in 1941 when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. Even though he had just been discharged from the Army four months earlier, news of the attack made him want to re-enlist. This time, though, Ward thought he would like to try the Air Force. The planes were the way to go! said Ward. He thought that was the best option to winning the war. He went to an Air Force recruiter in Houston and was turned away because he weighed six pounds too much. Not to be denied his patriotic dream, Ward jogged for hours to get his weight down. After dehydrating himself six pounds, he met the weight limit and was signed up as a member of the United States Air Force, beginning his 20-year career in that service. Wanting to see action in the air, Ward trained and worked hard to become an expert gunner. He shipped out in 1943 when the 8th Air Force deployed to Europe and served as a waist gunner on a B-17 aircraft called The Spirit of America. This means he was the gunner on the left side or blind side of the pilot, a critical position. Casualties were high during WWII very few airmen finished 25 missions, which was the length of one tour. After finishing his first 25 missions, Ward signed up for a second tour, finishing another 16 a total of 43 missions. On July 4, 1943, Ward was wounded when he was hit in the chest with shrapnel from a 20 mm. He lay on the floor of the plane in a pool of blood for a bit, but knowing the pilot, his crew and America were depending on him, Ward pulled himself back to his post and manned his gun to fire on the Germans. He earned three medals that one day a Silver Star, a Purple Heart, and a Distinguished Flying Cross. Other military awards displayed in Ward s home from his tours include a U.S. Air Medal, Good Conduct Medal, American Defense Medal and a WWII Victory Medal. The back of the Victory Medal reads, Freedom from Fear and Want Freedom of Speech and Religion. He also has a Distinguished Unit Citation. I made a few missions, says Ward humbly, Those were some rough times. I still have some lead in me, said Ward. They got most of it out. Credited for a confirmed hit in 1945, shooting down an Me109, Ward has told the story of the German plane that slid across and turned right in front of his gun barrel. Ward is quoted as saying, I let him have it full force and he exploded! He prefers to focus on good and fun memories, like having Clark Gable as a member of the 8th Air Force. We could follow him into town and the girls would flock to him. We could always get attention from his leftovers, laughed Ward. Other famed pilots in the 8th Air Force included Jimmy Stewart and Tom Landry. Those who flew together bonded. He became best friends, like brothers, with a gunner from the ball turret on the B-17, Herman Molen. An interview videoed in 1995 can be seen on youtube.com under the title B-17 Display Reunites World War II Buddies. One of Ward s best memories bringing a twinkle to his eye is talking about his Beautiful Maxine, who he met after coming home from the war. Maxine caught his eye while she was working at a soda fountain. They were married in 1946, raised four children and joyously celebrated their 62nd anniversary before she went on to be with the Lord. He and Maxine loved the beach and made a trip to the Bahamas once, although family vacations to Galveston were about as far as they wanted to travel most of the time. After all, he had been based in England and flown over Europe. He had seen a lot of the world. Dennis Ward, Leisa Kirby and Vicky Letson surround their beloved father, Choctaw Bill. 28

30 29

It was good to focus on family and home. Two sons and two daughters (Dennis, Don, Vicky and Leisa) enriched their lives. Ward also has three grandchildren and eight great-grandchildren.

31 It was good to focus on family and home. Two sons and two daughters (Dennis, Don, Vicky and Leisa) enriched their lives. Ward also has three grandchildren and eight great-grandchildren. Ward retired from the Air Force as a Master Seargant, and his civilian career was a lineman for Texas Power and Light. He had an especially exciting day on the job when he was at the top of a pole in Centerville working on a transformer and the pole broke off at the ground. I rode that pole all the way down! The accident dislocated his shoulder, but didn t damage his spirit or his good attitude. What hobbies interest Ward? A large garden was important at the Ward place. Choctaw Bill, as he likes to be called, kept up with the garden out back and the yard work until a few years ago. He is also a champion at crossword puzzles. He worked three a day (from the Dallas Morning News, Palestine Herald Press and the Tyler Morning News) until age 97. Now he is content to do the puzzles on Wheel of Fortune. He can guess the answers before Vanna can light up the letters! He enjoys watching other game shows, too, keeping his mind bright, and also says he enjoys television in general. A sports enthusiast, Ward s teams are the Mavericks and the Cowboys. While he was stationed in Galveston in the military, he and a buddy decided to attend the first Cotton Bowl Classic. They jumped in his friend s early Model T and headed to Dallas. The game was between TCU and Marquette University, ending with a score of 16-6 respectively. The young servicemen didn t have money for a hotel, so after driving to Dallas, they spent the night in the bus station, went to the ballgame in the morning and drove back to base after dark so they could be on duty the following day. Extremely active until a fall at age 97 decreased his mobility, Ward was a regular at the Veterans Day parades and was a speaker at the elementary schools. He drove his own car until age 97. Talking about his childhood, Ward said he attended Friendship School, and would walk home to do chores. I helped with everything around the house, from drying dishes to feeding cows. Sometimes family and school friends would get together and play some softball. I have even hit a home run! said Ward. Good ethics and values were taught to Bill Ward and his siblings. I don t remember ever hearing my daddy say a cuss word. I don t cuss either. It is just not necessary, said Ward. His dad also depended on him from an early age. I was just 10 when Dad bought a Model A car and had me drive it home from town. He told everyone, Willard can drive. What does Choctaw Bill attribute to his long life? I ve kept my nose clean! In addition to good, clean living, his son, Dennis, said he could remember Ward saying the only enemies he ever made were the Germans! Does he follow a special diet? Nope, I eat whatever is put in front of me, says Ward. I like cereal at breakfast, and I like bacon and eggs. His favorite thing to eat is Mexican food. He says it is all good. Always positive, Ward said, I ve had a life a GOOD one! I ve been in some rough times on the ground and in the air. I don t know if I would change anything. I just remember them and know I m still a kickin! Willard Ward passed away June 19, 2017, a few months after this interview. He would have been 101 years old on August

Rattan legend turns 100 Leo Smallwood of Rattan celebrated his 100th birthday July 22, 2017. Family and friends joined him for food, fun and lots of memories.

32 Rattan legend turns 100 Leo Smallwood of Rattan celebrated his 100th birthday July 22, Family and friends joined him for food, fun and lots of memories. The corner piece of cake is my favorite, said Leo with a smile. The war hero, sports legend of Rattan and beloved family man had plenty to talk about with the many people attending his party. Any visit with Leo is an interesting history of our Nation and area. Leo was a teacher at Frazier Valley, a one-teacher school, when he was drafted into the Army during WWII. Basic Training was at Fort Sill. Some of the soldiers who were shot up were coming back, so we went to Camp Wolters, Texas, for artillery training. I was in the Infantry. I landed on Omaha Beach six days after the Invasion, said Leo. He was in the Battle of the Bulge. It was the coldest weather I believe ever existed, said Leo. A lot of the guys lost fingers, feet, and even arms from frostbite, said Leo, who was fortunate to find some newspaper to wrap his feet in, then found some old French snowshoes to wear. He credits these lucky finds to keeping his feet from freezing during the war. My feet still get cold sometimes. He keeps a blanket over his legs and feet. His favorite is the Wisdom Blanket gifted him by Chief Batton. I was overseas 18 months. They were going to give Belgium to the Führer for a Christmas present, but he was disappointed! said Leo. A young Smallwood in uniform A younger brother was serving in the Air Force at the same time Leo was in the Army. With a melancholy look, Leo said, Since my mom and dad were without hardly any communications, I often wondered if they knew what danger we were really in. My brother, Roy, was in the 8th Air Force, stationed out of London. I was able to get a seven-day pass, and even though all our locations and everything were kept pretty secret, I went to the Red Cross and found out where he was. I made it to London and went in where he and his buddies were. They were sitting down and eating dinner at a table set like they were at home. I wasn t used to that! I was used to eating by opening a can! Leo said Roy was thrilled to be surprised by big brother and it was a treat to have a really good meal. I even went on a flying mission with them, said Leo, who wanted to see what the war looked like from the air. After sharing stories of the terribly cold weather Leo had been submitted to, the Airmen presented Leo with fur lined pants and jacket, which he truly appreciated. It was against Army regulations to wear them, but I sure appreciated those guys for doing it! He also appreciated the three cartons of cigarettes they gave him, since smokes were rationed. He quit smoking later in life. Upon returning to the states, Leo found that his little school was gone, so he and a buddy began looking for work in the Dallas area. They paid for room and board, and some extracurricular activities with Leo s winnings from poker that he brought home with him from the Army. It wasn t long, though, before the Rattan superintendent called and asked Leo if he wanted a job teaching and coaching. He was at work the following Monday morning and made a career at Rattan School. The first year he taught Jr. High American History and coached the girls team. After that he was the principal, taught American History and coached both boys and girls. Coaching the teams meant there was a lot of traveling to other schools in the area, including Finley, where a pretty young lady was teaching third grade. He soon began courting her, and when he asked Jane to be his wife, she said yes. She was able to begin teaching in Rattan the following year, and they made the town their home to raise six 31

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Smallwood received the American Campaign Medal, Good Conduct Medal, Sharp Shooter Rifle Badge, European, African, Middle Eastern Campaign (EAME) Service Ribbon with three Bronze Stars, and a WWII

34 Smallwood received the American Campaign Medal, Good Conduct Medal, Sharp Shooter Rifle Badge, European, African, Middle Eastern Campaign (EAME) Service Ribbon with three Bronze Stars, and a WWII Victory Medal. His dog tags are also framed with his medals. children. They had been married 68 years when she passed on May 27, When I was coaching, my wife backed me in everything I did! said Leo proudly. She always had my meals ready before I caught the bus, and she only missed six weeks total in all her years of teaching. Together we had 67 years in public education. He is delighted that the family they raised realized the importance of education. All of his children and grandchildren have college degrees. Proudly displayed in his home is a silver trophy that has the distinguished history of being the very first trophy that Rattan School ever won. It was from a baseball club that Leo and his brother, William, played with. The trophy is engraved Champions, 1935, SEOK League, Jack Cornelius Trophy. During the 1935 Kiamichi Conference, Leo Smallwood s position was short stop, and brother William Smallwood played first base. Clyde Fleming was second base on the team, Thomas Wall was third. The outfield was covered by Coy Buchanan, Gene Bradley and Homer Allen. The duties of pitcher and catcher for the team were covered by Odel Lindly and O.J. Lindly. Perhaps succeeding in sports as a youth spurred his competitive nature as a coach. During his coaching career at Rattan, Leo led the school to over 625 baseball victories and 15 district titles. His basketball teams also did well, winning over 600 games and nine district titles. He actually changed Rattan s sports program, starting with the school colors. Once black and orange, he changed them to green and white, which they remain today. He is very proud of being known for creating the Rattan school baseball program. Leo said he is still very interested in sports, and likes to watch ballgames on television. He is also interested in Choctaw culture and history. His son, Steve, said Leo is artistically inclined and is a good carpenter. He remembers when Leo took a draw shave knife and made a bois d arc bow for the sons. He also made some of the furniture for the home. Active all his life, even his hobbies centered around outdoor work. He said his hobby was his cattle. Leo had cattle and enjoyed working with them until he was 97 years old, when he sold all 91 of them. Until that point, Leo was working the cattle himself. It was as sad as a funeral when I sold them, said Leo. He has some advice for young people. Be yourselves be who you are. Do not ever act as someone superior! When asked the secret to living so long, Leo says, Oh, I don t know, maybe good clean living, maybe good country food! I never remember, even during the depression, going to bed hungry. My mom always managed to cook up enough for the table. And maybe he has good Choctaw genes. His mother lived until she was 95, and his dad until he was 97. Any advice from Leo is bound to be good advice. He has a smile, bright eyes, a cheerful attitude and a sharp wit. And he is generous, too. He even shared his birthday cake even the favored corner piece! 33

35 CULTURE AIIMVLHPISA WORDS WIN WAR McCurtain County Tvshka became a hero Oklahombi, most comfortable at home in the McCurtain County woods. 34

36 contributed photo Joseph Oklahombi of Wright City, born in 1892, has been lauded as Oklahoma s greatest war hero of World War I. Oklahombi had lived quietly in the Kiamichi Mountains with only a few neighbors around him when he walked from his home to enlist at Idabel, the county seat. After basic training, the young Choctaw was sent to France. A month before the armistice in 1918, Oklahombi and his buddies in Company D, 141st Infantry, 36th Division, were cut off from the rest of the company. They came across a German machine gun emplacement, with about 50 trench mortars. Crossing No Man s Land numerous times, the Choctaw warrior assisted his wounded friends and carried information back to headquarters about the enemy. Oklahombi moved about 200 yards over open ground against artillery and machine gun fire, rushing a machine gun nest and capturing one of the guns. Turning the weapon on the enemy, the Americans held the Germans down with blistering fire for four days until their surrender. Of the enemy, 171 were taken prisoner. General orders cited Oklahombi for his bravery for his actions. He was awarded the Silver Star to be worn on the Victory Ribbon by General Pershing, and the Croix de Guerre from Marshal Henri Phillippe Pertain. On another occasion, Oklahombi confronted a German troop having a meal and resting in a cemetery. Enclosed by high walls with only one gate, Oklahombi covered the gate with blistering fire. A true marksman, Oklahombi killed the Germans by the dozens, 79 according to some reports, until the whole force surrendered. Besides his fighting activities in Europe during the war, Oklahombi was valuable to Allied Troops because of his Choctaw language and his service as a Code Talker. The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma is thankful and very impressed with the efforts of a group of students 35

The students and their teacher, Nellie Garone, have researched Oklahombi, his comrades, WWI, the area he served in France and built relationships with people across the globe.

37 from Mannsville, Okla., who have been working hard for three years to have Joseph Oklahombi awarded the Medal of Honor. The tribe and others have made this request to the United States government for years, and the students efforts have exceeded all expectations and have been receiving great feedback. The students and their teacher, Nellie Garone, have researched Oklahombi, his comrades, WWI, the area he served in France and built relationships with people across the globe. Collaboration of all who have joined in this effort has resulted in a wealth of news clippings and some of Oklahombi s military records. In order to complete a successful application for the Medal of Honor, an eyewitness accounting is being sought. This could be in the form of a letter from one of Oklahombi s military companions who witnessed his heroics and wrote home about it, Oklahombi wearing medal or a journal entry where an eyewitness writes about it. Any information to help with this historic quest would be greatly appreciated. One of the relationships built by the students was with historian Jed Dunham who notified them of a plaque in France in the entrance at the American Monument at Blanc Mont, Sommeby, placed by the Tourist Council of the Department of the Marne. This plaque has a photo of Oklahombi in his military uniform. Curious, Mannsville School teacher Nellie Garone contacted David W. Bedford, Superintendent of the American Battle Monuments Commission that maintains Meuse Argonne American Cemetery in Montfaucon, France. He said, There are other similar signs; the signs are a part of a route that takes the visitor to various WWI sites in the area....the folks that put up the sign asked for our advice and since we knew of Joseph Oklahombi we thought he was a good choice. There s a website to the Interpretive Center at Suippe, a part of the route: fr/index.php/circuit. Translation of the sign in Sommeby, France reads: A place, a character: After the conquest of Blanc-Mont, the American 2nd Division was gradually relieved by the American 36th Division, this division was comprised of men originally from Texas and Oklahoma. Indians from the Choctaw tribe were incorporated into the force, for one specific purpose by the order of the American commander: to transmit coded messages in their Indian language. The Germans no longer managed to decrypt the intentions of the American troops. The Choctaw Indians became code talkers. On October 8, 1918 near St. Etienne-a-Arne, the Choctaw Indian Joseph Oklahombi was in a delicate situation with 23 of his comrades. They were cut off from their company and under fire from a fortified position. He convinced his comrades to attack, the German position was taken, and they discovered automatic weapons and short range mortars. But this action left them totally isolated and four days they resisted German counter-attacks. Liberated, Joseph and his comrades had 171 prisoners. He received the Silver Star and the French Croix de Guerre for his act of bravery. After he returned to Oklahoma, he lived the traditional life of his tribal ancestors: as a hunter, fisherman and farmer. At his death in 1960, military honors were restored to him. contributed photos 36

38 OKLAHOMA BRIDGES HONOR CHOCTAW CODE TALKERS Legislation has passed in Oklahoma creating the Choctaw Code Talkers Bridge Naming Program. This Act honors the 23 Choctaw Code Talkers of WWI and WWII by putting their names on bridges near their hometowns. The signs for bridges bearing the names of WWI Code Talkers are being developed as a partnership between the State Department of Transportation, the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations and the Choctaw Code Talkers Association. The first unveiling is expected to be at Bokchito Creek on Highway 70E in honor of Joseph Oklahombi. The date and time will be announced as soon as details are confirmed. Other locations in honor of Code Talkers are as follows: WWI Code Talkers LeFlore County: Albert Billy Highway 270 west of Wister at Mountain Creek Bridge McCurtain County: Mitchell Bobb approximately 1.3 miles east of intersection of Highway 3 and CR N4495 near Rufe at Cypress Creek James Edwards Highway 3 west of Broken Bow near Glover at Boktuklo Robert Taylor Highway 3 at the bridge located southbound approximately 2,300 feet north of the SH3 bridge over Little River near Idabel Jeff Nelson Highway 3 at the northbound bridge located approximately 2,300 feet north of the SH3 bridge over Little River near Idabel Calvin Wilson Highway 70 near Eagletown at Lick Creek Ben Carterby Highway 3 near Bethel at Boktuklo Creek Noel Johnson Highway 259 south of Smithville at Eaglefork Creek Solomon Louis Highway 259 near Hochatown at Yanubbee Creek Pushmataha County: Victor Brown Highway 3 approximately 2,000 feet west of the town of Oleta at Frazier Creek George Davenport Highway 3 near Antlers at Beaver Creek Joseph Davenport Highway 3 east of Antlers near Finley at Dumpling Creek Choctaw County: Tobias Frazier Highway 70 near Fort Towson over Raymond Gary Lake Bryan County: Ben Hampton Highway 70 near Bennington at Sulphur Creek Joseph Oklahombi Highway 70 east of Bokchito at Bokchito Creek (Big Creek) Ben Colbert Highway 70 near Durant at Kanola Creek Walter Veach Highway 70 bypass over Old Highway 70 east of Durant Pontotoc County: Otis Leader Highway 48 south of Allen at Sincere Creek Johnston County: Pete Maytubby Highway 7 at Pennington Creek at the Fish Hatchery WWII Code Talkers All of the WWII Code Talkers will be honored at bridges in Pittsburg County near McAlester. Schlicht Billy approximately 1,800 feet west of the intersection of SH1 and the Indian Nation Turnpike at Sandy Creek Andrew Perry approximately 1.6 miles west of the intersection of SH1 and the Indian Nation Turnpike at Coal Creek Davis Pickens East of Krebs on SH 31 at Mud Creek Forreston Baker SH 113 at Coal Creek In 2013 Oklahoma Legislation was passed and signs were unveiled along Highway 3 marking the stretch between Antlers and Broken Bow as WWI Choctaw Code Talkers Highway. A future honor for the Code Talkers is a granite memorial marker bearing the names of the men that will be placed at Antlers. The Choctaw Code Talkers are an important part of tribal history and also a part of Oklahoma and national history. 37

TRIBUTES TO VETERANS Choctaw youth place wreaths to honor tribal veterans The Choctaw Nation Youth Advisory Board (YAB) constructed and

The teens wanted to do a project that would honor the men and women who had served in the United States military and decided to have a

at the Veterans Cemetery at the Capitol.

39 TRIBUTES TO VETERANS Choctaw youth place wreaths to honor tribal veterans The Choctaw Nation Youth Advisory Board (YAB) constructed and ceremoniously placed wreaths at the Capitol Grounds at Tvshka Homma over the Memorial Day weekend to honor tribal veterans. The teens wanted to do a project that would honor the men and women who had served in the United States military and decided to have a ceremony to place wreaths on the War Memorial at the front entrance of the Capitol Grounds and to place flags and wreaths on each grave at the Veterans Cemetery at the Capitol. The red, white and blue wreaths were made by the youth, and after prayers, poems and speeches, the Choctaw Color Guard and the YAB solemnly placed the wreaths. YAB is a group of students from across the entire Choctaw Nation with one goal in mind to challenge youth to become leaders of tomorrow. YAB works to empower youth to come together and address community needs. They set goals to develop positive visions for the future of the Choctaw Nation. Their mission is to help grow healthy, productive and civic-minded adults. 38

Retired flags gifted to veterans Flags that were flown over tribal facilities have been gifted to Choctaw veterans in a special

American and Choctaw Nation flags that have waved proudly at Tribal Headquarters, the Tribal Capitol and the Veterans Cemetery

The 2016 Veterans Day Ceremony was extra-special for several of the military men in attendance when they were awarded a boxed set

Veterans Advocacy Director Brent Oakes said, I felt this was a great alternative to disposing of these emblems of our Nation(s).

40 Retired flags gifted to veterans Flags that were flown over tribal facilities have been gifted to Choctaw veterans in a special drawing. American and Choctaw Nation flags that have waved proudly at Tribal Headquarters, the Tribal Capitol and the Veterans Cemetery have been carefully kept once retired. The 2016 Veterans Day Ceremony was extra-special for several of the military men in attendance when they were awarded a boxed set of these flags. Veterans Advocacy Director Brent Oakes said, I felt this was a great alternative to disposing of these emblems of our Nation(s). Veterans can take pride in having an American Joe Ray Hayes was presented a set of flags from Choctaw Nation. Flag and a Choctaw Flag that have flown over properties that are important to us. Oakes began having the flags framed, and saved a number of sets for the ceremony on Veterans Day at Tvshka Homma. The gifts were highly respected and appreciated by those who received them. Jim Janway received a set of flags from Assistant Chief Austin and Chief Batton. 39

HOME FOR THE HOLIDAYS Nations provide buses for National Guard The generosity of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations helped Oklahoma Army National Guard get home for the holidays this past Christmas.

41 HOME FOR THE HOLIDAYS Nations provide buses for National Guard The generosity of the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations helped Oklahoma Army National Guard get home for the holidays this past Christmas. Soldiers of the 45th Infantry Brigade Combat Team, which were conducting pre-mobilization training at Fort Bliss, Texas, were transported on charter buses paid by the two tribes. Choctaw Nation Chief Gary Batton and Chickasaw Nation Governor Bill Anoatubby both have a long history of being supportive of the men and women in service to our country. The tribes had previously assisted in transporting troops, and the Thunderbirds and families who benefited from the goodwill were as thankful in 2016 as all the soldiers and families of past events. In August, the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma Veteran s Advocacy presented the First Squadron 180th Cavalry with a donation of $30,000. This donation is a part of a combined mission of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma (CNO), the Chickasaw Nation, and various other organizations to lease buses to bring members of the 180th Cavalry home for a pass before they deploy. 40

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Our ancestors would be proud. Historically, the Choctaws gathered foods from the land and planted crops as well as being skilled hunters. Ancestors harvested foods for the community.

43 Our ancestors would be proud. Historically, the Choctaws gathered foods from the land and planted crops as well as being skilled hunters. Ancestors harvested foods for the community. The tribe has made history this year through agricultural grants. For the first time ever, the Choctaw Nation received agrarian grants from the USDA in These grants are seen as a productive way to empower tribal members and expand cultural strengths. 42

44 NATURE AND AGRICULTURE Choctaws get free hunting and fishing in Oklahoma Beginning in January 2017, Choctaw Nation Tribal members living in Oklahoma who were 16 and over were eligible to receive: an annual hunting and fishing license a trapping license (furbearer license) a state waterfowl stamp up to four turkey tags up to six deer tags, exclusive of bonus licenses a waived access fee to Three Rivers and Honobia Creek Wildlife Management area (this is a benefit for hunting, outdoor activities and for gathering herbs for traditional medicines, etc.) cultural hunts Choctaw Nation tribal members living in Oklahoma who are under the age of 16 may receive: a hunting and fishing combination license one deer tag one turkey tag cultural hunts a waived access fee to Three Rivers and Honobia Creek Wildlife Management area Applications are available on line at ChoctawNation.com Gearing up for second annual Youth Deer Hunt Choctaw leaders often speak of mentoring youth and giving them special opportunities. A great example is the youth hunt at the Choctaw Ranch that provides young people an education in conservation, hunting and safety, as well as a chance to hunt for whitetail deer. After filling out an entry form from June to August last year, two children were randomly drawn from each Choctaw District in September to participate in the deer management harvest. From November 19 to November 28, 2016, the children, each accompanied by a parent or guardian, arrived at Choctaw Hunting Lodge. The hunters were taught gun safety and shot placement, said Wildlife Manager and Hunting Guide Travis Benes. We also had a biologist that taught the youth how to age deer. This is important so that they can preserve deer to meet their true potential. Executive Director of Agriculture Shannon McDaniel said, This was a great opportunity for the children to go on tribal property to learn how to manage wildlife and how conservation works. The 2016 Choctaw Youth Hunt was a great success. We ended up with a 70% harvest rate among the hunters, which is above national average for that age group in a variety of weather conditions. Everyone saw deer at the blinds.the kids were well behaved with appreciative parents and both participated enthusiastically in our programs and presentations, said Dan Van Schaik, Wildlife Biologist. Given my past experience with hunting/shooting clubs throughout the U.S., I consider this youth hunt as exemplary and was proud to be a part of it from conception, said Van Schaik. The 2017 Choctaw Nation Youth Deer Hunt drawing is planned for September when two tribal members from each district, ages 10-15, will be drawn from the entries. There will also be a hunter s safety course of 2018 offered at Tuskahoma, Oklahoma in the upcoming summer. A special Veterans hunt will be held in 2017, with names drawn at the Veterans Day Ceremony at Tvshka Homma on November 10. Enhancing pecan tree growth Being creative and innovative with a young orchard of 1,500 pecan trees is the subject of a Specialty Crop Grant Program. Partnering with the Nobel Foundation, nitrogen producing cover crops such as barley, alfalfa and radishes are being used as part of a controlled study group to measure the tree growth. The research and study of the young trees in the southeast corner of the state using this natural method 43

Ryan Impson and Mark Creasy show buckets of pecans.

This will be a two-year project and includes two demonstration days for education of pecan producers and future pecan farmers.

44 Harvesting pecan orchards Choctaw Nation has over 6,500 pecan trees at five locations that are harvested each year as a part of the growing agriculture business of the tribe.

45 Ryan Impson and Mark Creasy show buckets of pecans. against a similar group in Carter County, pecan producers, and those interested in becoming future producers will be able to make decisions affecting their properties and crops. This will be a two-year project and includes two demonstration days for education of pecan producers and future pecan farmers. The federal dollars awarded were $49,710, with a match request from the tribe of $7,448 and an in-kind match of $4,904. Harvesting pecans. 44 Harvesting pecan orchards Choctaw Nation has over 6,500 pecan trees at five locations that are harvested each year as a part of the growing agriculture business of the tribe. One of the recently purchased farms is in Idabel, with about 1,500 trees of several tasty varieties that produced a bumper crop in This was the first year the tribe tackled a pecan harvest without sub-contractors. Trees are shaken with a padded attachment behind tractors, (no damage to the trees) then after the pecans fall from the trees, they are picked up with a harvester. The nuts are later sorted by hand on a conveyer belt before being taken to a dryer. Ryan Impson is the Assistant Manager of the Idabel farm, and with the help of a couple of full-time workers and some seasonal help, had the trees gleaned of their nutty treasure in just a few weeks. The photo below shows Amy Moore running the harvester, vacuuming up the pecans, and shooting out the dirt and leaves from the rear of the machine. A visual of how an integrated garden can be grown with beans twining up cornstalks and squash and melons planted at the base of the corn. Community Food Projects: Heirloom Crops The Community Food Projects grant is a four-year project. Historic Preservation has been working with Cultural Heirloom crops for a number of years. They have been developing a seed bank and currently have about 50 people as a base for seed growing. Through this grant, the Choctaw Nation partners with Oklahoma State University, who will do nutritional research on the cultural crops and train tribal members who participate in the program on GAP (Good Agricultural Practices) and GHP (Good Handling Practices).

There is an opportunity to be a part of this project. Participants need to be tribal members, have an area to grow crops and it is preferred that they live in or near the tribal boundaries.

Being able to have a family business could create some revenue in return for their hard work and will be an additional return on the cultural investment they are making.

Phase I of the project will be growing these seeds to get a stable seed bank, so that they can later be shared with Tribal members in Phase II.

46 There is an opportunity to be a part of this project. Participants need to be tribal members, have an area to grow crops and it is preferred that they live in or near the tribal boundaries. Individual crop growers of these heirloom seeds will have a venue to sell their vegetables through this project. Being able to have a family business could create some revenue in return for their hard work and will be an additional return on the cultural investment they are making. The heirloom crops are healthier, making them a wiser choice for all of us to put on the table, too. Currently, some heirloom Choctaw crops are only surviving by a few hundred seeds. Phase I of the project will be growing these seeds to get a stable seed bank, so that they can later be shared with Tribal members in Phase II. The seeds that will be included in this work are: Choctaw sweet potato squash Choctaw hominy corn (Tanchi Hlimishko) Choctaw flour corn (Tanchi Tohbi) A variety of Choctaw tobacco A variety of field peas that was brought by Choctaws from Mississippi Lambsquarter (a native green) Huauzontle (a variety of lambsquarter domesticated thousands of years ago) These particular strains were grown by Choctaw people before the 1700s. The Historic Preservation Office is always on the lookout for more heritage Choctaw plants. Farmers Markets promoted in each District A Farmers Market Promotion grant has garnered about half a million dollars over a three-year period for the districts within the tribal boundaries. A staff person dedicated three months to each of the 12 districts, working with areas in each district to either market existing Farmers Markets, or help set up and promote a Farmers Market. This new program also helped identify producers, overcome barriers and get the market open. Healthy eating, which includes fresh fruits and vegetables, is a big focus of the Choctaw Nation, and this helps meet the goal of providing accessible healthy foods for tribal members, as well as helping local farmers have a market for their locally grown items. 45

Farmers Market Nutrition Program The Choctaw Nation Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program is a program for low-income seniors funded by the USDA in partnership with the Choctaw Nation Health

The requirements are low-income seniors who have household incomes of not more than 185% of the federal poverty income guidelines.

47 Farmers Market Nutrition Program The Choctaw Nation Senior Farmers Market Nutrition Program is a program for low-income seniors funded by the USDA in partnership with the Choctaw Nation Health Services Program. The program serves eligible seniors in the 10.5 counties with $50 worth of checks that can be exchanged for fresh fruit and vegetables from authorized area farmers. The requirements are low-income seniors who have household incomes of not more than 185% of the federal poverty income guidelines. Additional guidelines are if Native American, be at least 55 years of age (Provide CDIB card), Non Native at least 60 years of age residing in a Native American household (ID required), Disabled persons under 60 years of age but at least 55 years of age living in housing for the elderly with congregate nutritional services (Proof of SSI). Local growers typically bring their produce on Wednesdays at 9 a.m. to Choctaw Nation Community Centers or senior buildings in Durant, Atoka, Hugo, McAlester, Stigler, Broken Bow and Idabel. The farmers markets are open from 9 a.m. until noon unless produce sells out. Items are seasonal. Nation enters agreement on Lake Nanih Waiya The Choctaw Nation entered into an agreement with the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation as a result of the hunting and fishing compact to facilitate a joint management plan for Lake Nanih Waiya, a 151-acre lake near the capitol grounds. A number of improvements related to water access, solid waste cleanup, aquatic invasive vegetation control, mowing, etc., have been made; with a number of continued practices that will be implemented in the fall/winter to make the lake more enjoyable and accessible to visitors. 46

DEPARTMENT OF RISK MANAGEMENT The Office of Risk Management provides oversight and strategic planning for several vital programs of the tribe, including Emergency Management, which works both

48 DEPARTMENT OF RISK MANAGEMENT The Office of Risk Management provides oversight and strategic planning for several vital programs of the tribe, including Emergency Management, which works both internally and externally to prepare for, protect against, respond to, recover from and mitigate all hazards. Examples of services provided include emergency planning, risk assessments, response and assistance in disasters. The team gets down to business in times of emergency a chainsaw team of volunteers is on the ground to clear debris whenever a tornado or ice storm causes havoc in the Choctaw Nation area so that citizens can have safe roadways and homes. Response to communities when water crisis occur is also something the team is prepared for. Pallets of bottled water have been delivered by truckloads on many occasions. The Choctaw Nation has a mobile response unit that has been extremely useful, and has been able to assist with regional needs, such as searches for missing people and a chemical spill accident causing a major highway shutdown. The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma is the first tribe to become accredited through the Emergency Management Accreditation Program (EMAP) and establish a Medical Reserve Corps. The Choctaw Nation is also the first tribe to conduct FEMA s Logistics Capability Assessment Tool (LCAT). These are tremendous accomplishments. Occupational Safety and Health is another arm of Risk Management, providing technical safety and health support to associates. This team of safety professionals develops and implements safety and health programs, objectives, training initiatives and compliance measures. Monitoring of current standards of safety EMERGENCY NOTIFICATIONS and health are also important to ensure the highest level of protection is maintained. The assets and integrity of the Choctaw Nation are protected by providing insurance and claims resolution through the Property and Casualty team. This program maximizes insurance premium savings by accepting partial risk to save money that goes into a loss fund that covers the day-to-day risk. Carrying a high self-insured retention, the tribe saves a considerable amount in premiums. Choctaw Nation also has a Workers Compensation Code and an Office of Workers Compensation. This office assists injured employees seek medical treatment and to return to work as quickly as possible. Under the Food Safety Office of Risk Management, the team audits for risks and works to protect customers and food handlers. Sign up for notification of emergencies and weather Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma Emergency Management recently implemented a Mass Notification System for Choctaw tribal members who live and work within the 10.5-county boundary area. The Mass Notification System will be used to notify tribal members and Choctaw Nation employees about imminent threats to health and safety, as well as informational notifications that affect tribal members and employees locations, or work environments. At this time, the system is only for the Choctaw Nation area. Notifications are sent out regarding severe weather, flooding, gas leaks and more. Tribal employees are automatically signed up through the employee portal. Tribal members living in the boundary area can opt in for the Mass Notification by registering at index/ #/login The information provided will not be shared with any vendor or other organization. Choctaw Nation will only use the information provided for notification purposes. When people sign up for the Emergency Alert Program, they will get notified about emergencies and other important community news. The system enables Choctaw Nation Emergency Management to provide participants with critical information quickly in a variety of situations, such as severe weather, unexpected road closures, flooding, gas leaks and evacuations of buildings and/or neighborhoods. When Choctaw Nation Emergency Management issues a notification about a potential safety hazard or concern participants will receive either a call, text or , depending on the method of communication chosen at registration. Notifications can be for homes, schools or places of employment in the 10.5-county area. 47

COUNTRY MARKET A GROCERY STORE... AND MORE A year ago, the first Choctaw Country Market (grocery store, deli, restaurant and fuel station) was opened in Clayton, Oklahoma.

People were traveling to other towns in order to fill up their vehicles or to purchase their week s groceries, said Assistant Chief Jack Austin.

Photos clockwise from top: Ribbon cutting at the Choctaw Country Market; restaurant buffet, fresh food, grill, and deli; an employee stocks the grocery aisles.

49 COUNTRY MARKET A GROCERY STORE... AND MORE A year ago, the first Choctaw Country Market (grocery store, deli, restaurant and fuel station) was opened in Clayton, Oklahoma. Clayton was in need of a grocery store and fuel station. People were traveling to other towns in order to fill up their vehicles or to purchase their week s groceries, said Assistant Chief Jack Austin. Opening the store, which is so much more than simply groceries and fuel, has helped provide a solution to the food desert in Clayton. Photos clockwise from top: Ribbon cutting at the Choctaw Country Market; restaurant buffet, fresh food, grill, and deli; an employee stocks the grocery aisles. It is a part of the vision of myself and the Tribal Council, said Chief Gary Batton at the ribbon cutting for the store. We want to make sure that our smaller communities thrive and do well. Without this Country Market to serve the people who live here, I don t know if Clayton would be here 20 years from now. This is making sure we keep Clayton alive, growing and prospering. We want to see success in all our communities. Adding to the economic development of the area, 24 jobs were filled to open the store, with more positions anticipated. Next steps? Open more stores in more towns! 48

FARMING, A CHAHTA TRADITION Innovative, creative ideas give long term goal of alleviating food deserts The long term goal of providing farm-to-table food is being furthered with the growth of the

The tribe also had notification of food-related agrarian grants awarded to the Agriculture Division in September 2016, which will advance the tribe s goal of alleviating food deserts, utilizing some

50 FARMING, A CHAHTA TRADITION Innovative, creative ideas give long term goal of alleviating food deserts The long term goal of providing farm-to-table food is being furthered with the growth of the Choctaw Nation s cattle herd of Certified Angus Beef, operation of seven ranches, which includes 6,500 pecan trees, and community food projects and food promotions. The tribe also had notification of food-related agrarian grants awarded to the Agriculture Division in September 2016, which will advance the tribe s goal of alleviating food deserts, utilizing some unique processes such as heirloom crops, and providing opportunities for local farmers to market their wares. Working together as a community, we can all succeed! Vision will supply tribal stores with locally grown beef Ranching is big business for the Choctaw Nation. Increasing the land base of the tribe with the purchase of a 60-square-mile property near Daisy, Okla., was an important step in growing the cattle herd of certified Angus beef. Today, the tribe manages a herd of over 5,400 Black Angus cattle, an increase of 2,400 from last year. Raising cattle is important to the cultural values of the tribe, as many of the families in the area have been raised on farms and ranches and have skills that make them employable at the Choctaw properties. This keeps them close to their loved ones with a job that supports their family, and provides an important service to the future of their tribe and community. One long-term vision of raising the Angus beef is to provide the locally grown meat to the Choctaw markets. This would be one great example of a farm-to-table product from Choctaw Nation. The ranch property near Daisy is named Ti Valley Ranch, and is divided into cattle operations and large game hunting operations. There is also a beautiful area that serves as a retreat for businesses and an event center for parties, weddings, conferences and various other getaways. Full service at the Choctaw Hunting Lodge includes catering and hotel services on-site. There are six other Choctaw ranches, and all 30+ ranch employees have received beef quality assurance certification, which means they know how to properly feed, vaccinate and manage the herd based on national standards and best practices. Raising Black Angus cattle on rural lands has optimized tens of thousands of acres, generating a healthy revenue stream for the Choctaw Nation. RANCH 49

HELPING OTHER RANCHERS IN NEED Choctaw Ranches had an opportunity to help fellow Oklahoma cattlemen after the 2017 wildfires in the northern and northwestern part of the state.

, in Harper County. There, FFA students unloaded the square bales so that local farmers and ranchers could come and get what they could utilize.

51 HELPING OTHER RANCHERS IN NEED Choctaw Ranches had an opportunity to help fellow Oklahoma cattlemen after the 2017 wildfires in the northern and northwestern part of the state. Loading up a semi-trailer truck with large round bales and a gooseneck trailer with smaller square bales, a crew left the Choctaw Ranch in Pittsburg County at daylight heading for Laverne, Okla., in Harper County. There, FFA students unloaded the square bales so that local farmers and ranchers could come and get what they could utilize. Loads of round bales of hay were also delivered to Laverne for the local cattlemen. It was all picked up within a few days, showing the desperate need for the food for the livestock. Two million acres of the countryside were damaged by the fires, devastating the hayfields, burning the baled hay that was set aside for finishing the year, and even killing much of the livestock and burning homes and barns. The donation of the hay from the Choctaw Nation was a way to assist in alleviating the need being experienced by other Oklahoma ranchers. View from the windshield as the hay loads leave Choctaw Ranch at daylight, headed for northern Oklahoma. 50

IMPACTFUL WATER SETTLEMENT RECOGNIZES TRIBAL SOVEREIGNTY After five years of conversation, legal moves, negotiations and mediation, the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations, the State of Oklahoma, and the

52 IMPACTFUL WATER SETTLEMENT RECOGNIZES TRIBAL SOVEREIGNTY After five years of conversation, legal moves, negotiations and mediation, the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations, the State of Oklahoma, and the City of Oklahoma City reached a water rights settlement in The impactful settlement recognizes tribal sovereignty and provides protection of resources for future generations. Chief Gary Batton of the Choctaw Nation stated, This agreement secures existing uses of water and provides certainty with regard to the future use of Sardis Lake for the benefit of recreation, fish and wildlife, and local water use. Under the terms of the agreement, the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations will participate in technical evaluations of significant future water right allocation proposals within the Settlement Area. The agreement also formalizes protections for the current and future water needs of communities throughout the region, ensuring adequate water for south-central and southeastern Oklahoma and enhancing stewardship of water resources both for future consumptive use within the region as well as protecting lake levels and stream flows on which the vibrant tourism industry relies. Existing water rights or rights to surface or groundwater will not be affected by the agreement, and the agreement does not authorize out-of-state use or diversion of water, which remains unlawful absent of State legislative approval.the settlement calls for a commission to evaluate the impacts of future proposals for out-of-state water use or diversion, which would remain subject to State legislative authorization. Should the Oklahoma Legislature ever approve such a proposal, the agreement ensures that any proceeds would be devoted to meeting water and wastewater infrastructure needs, particularly in southeastern Oklahoma. The article above is a joint press release between the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations. Additional information can be found online at 51

LEARNING ABOUT OUR ANCESTORS Recently, Choctaw Nation employees had an opportunity to learn about an archaeological excavation of a 1700 s Choctaw village site in the Choctaw homeland.

53 LEARNING ABOUT OUR ANCESTORS Recently, Choctaw Nation employees had an opportunity to learn about an archaeological excavation of a 1700 s Choctaw village site in the Choctaw homeland. Keith Little, PhD, and Hunter Johnson presented some of the information they gleaned from a Choctaw Village site excavation in Mississippi. This was the first time a Choctaw Village site dating back to this time period, decades before the Trail of Tears, was studied, providing a rare glimpse into the lives of Choctaw ancestors during these years. The field work was done between May 2012 and March 2013, as data recovery investigations at three sites in Kemper County, Mississippi. Lignite mining was planned for the area, prompting the investigations before the sites could be destroyed by mining activities. Johnson and Little directed all the field and laboratory work. The team camped in the remote area during the excavation process, rather than spend time commuting. This allowed them to work much more efficiently and quickly. According to their report, some of the artifacts they found were in shallow areas. They also found pits where people had dug into ground, shown by stains in the soil (different colors and textures). An area thought to be a smudge pit was full of burned corn cobs. Smudge pits could have been used to tan hides and could have been used to repel insects. Several smudge pit areas were found in the inside lines of structures. Dr. Little said about 2,000 beads were collected, along with ceramics, pottery, arrowheads, and tools. Some of the artifacts, such as some of the arrowheads, indicated the site had occupants earlier than the Choctaws who had used it in the 1700s. These occupants are believed to have been at the site as early as 3700 BC. There were several exciting discoveries at the site from which the archeologists could glean information about our ancestors daily lives. An earthen oven was uncovered, cylindrical in shape, still with charcoal and rocks. Another discovery was suspected to be an open air pottery kiln. One of the most exciting discoveries was a possible ceremonial area, a hole that had once held a big post or pole, that had pottery pieces and four vessels still in the hole. Archaeologists were also able to learn about the eating habits of Choctaw ancestors. Evidence was found that indicated most protein was from larger animals, such as deer and pigs, but they likely ate smaller animals such as rabbits, squirrels, raccoons and opossums as well. There were also signs of food remains that would have been taken from nearby waterways, such as fish, freshwater mussel and beaver. Remains of birds, including turkey were also collected. A bear paw was found, indicating the possibility that the meat from bear could have been eaten. Evidence shows that acorn and hickory nuts were used by the occupants of the 1700 s site. Fruits used by those same residents seem to have included grape, persimmon, mulberry, blueberry, maypop, blackberry/ raspberry, cherry/plum and peach. Corn kernels, corn cobs, and cowpeas were included in the report. To view the complete report, see download/little_et_al._2016_screen_resolution.zip. contributed photo 52

CHOCTAW NATION WORKING WITH SCIENCE CENTER Jackfork Creek is an important waterway in the Choctaw Nation. Protecting the ecosystem of rivers, lakes and other waterways is vital.

54 CHOCTAW NATION WORKING WITH SCIENCE CENTER Jackfork Creek is an important waterway in the Choctaw Nation. Protecting the ecosystem of rivers, lakes and other waterways is vital. The Choctaw Nation is a forward thinker in its work on climate change. They have been collecting data, collaborating with scientists and researching information while attempting the constant adaptation that climate change necessitates. The tribe is one of only two tribes partnered with a federally funded Climate Science Center. The South Central Climate Science Center (SCCSC) out of Norman, Okla., is an academic consortium on long-term strategies to cope and adjust to the challenges presented by climate variability. Climate change can affect the cultural practices of the Choctaws. It can kill certain species of plants and animals such as the freshwater mussel. Shells of these mussels are used in pottery and were also once used to make spoons and jewelry. Mussels also clean the water naturally, making them vital to the ecosystem. Climate change affects growing seasons of crops, which means any accompanying ceremonies must be held at non-traditional times. Important results of the collaboration between Choctaw Nation and the SCCSC include creation of climate models that allow the tribe s Environmental Protective Service Department to manage water resources and plan for the future. The SCCSC provides temperature data the precipitation data that the tribe utilizes for the climate models. This data points to patterns of prolonged periods of drought interspersed with intense rainfall. Knowing where economic needs exceed current water resources also helps the tribe plan for the future. Planning to adapt through diversification such as new wells, water recycling plants, and conservation methods make the tribe and its communities more resilient and less susceptible to climate change. 53

The Choctaw Nation currently has three levels of Courts in the Judicial Branch the Constitutional Court and the Court of General Jurisdiction, which includes the Appellate Court and the District

55 GROWTH OF CHOCTAW COURTS A historic decision earlier in the year was the growth of the Choctaw court system to being truly independent. Having a sovereign court system is a powerful statement of tribal progress. Constitutional Court: Mullin, Burrage and Bobb. The Choctaw Nation currently has three levels of Courts in the Judicial Branch the Constitutional Court and the Court of General Jurisdiction, which includes the Appellate Court and the District Courts. Of these levels, nine judges fill the judiciary body. The independence of the Court is important in the division of powers of government according to the Choctaw Nation Constitution. Having courtrooms in diverse areas of the Choctaw Nation boundaries is important for the convenience of the tribal members. Justices for the courts are: Constitutional Court Chief Judge David Burrage, Mitchell Mullin and Fred Bobb; Court of General Jurisdiction (Appellate Court) Chief Judge Pat Phelps, Bob Rabon and Warren Gotcher; District Court Chief Judge Steven Parker, Rick Branum (Civil) and Rebecca Cryer, who serves as the Special District Judge. The judicial system has also instituted a Peacemaker Court, which is made up of elders in the tribal districts who assist as mediators. When Chief Batton was inaugurated, he said he wanted to utilize the wisdom of our elders, said Pam Young, Executive Director of the Court System. We immediately thought that a Peacemaker Court would be a great way to incorporate the wisdom of Choctaw people. Tribal Council were asked to nominate elders in each of the 12 districts, and the peacemakers were soon authorized. The traditional Constitutional Court and Court Clerk s offices are located at the Choctaw Nation Capitol Grounds in Tvshka Homma. The historic courtroom is located adjacent to the Capitol Building Museum. The somber atmosphere, even when court is not in session, fills the dark walled room. The Court of General Jurisdiction currently conducts proceedings in Talihina, with these proceedings planning to move to Durant within the next year. The District Court will be housed in an official Choctaw Nation Courtroom as soon as renovations are complete at the former Federal Building in Durant. This facility was donated to the tribe by local businessman Alan Wheeler. The building once housed a post office and a local court. Plans are to refurbish the courtroom with as much original furniture as possible, and renovate other parts of the building into offices, conference space and public area. The District Court Clerk has offices located in Talihina at 302 Church Street and in Durant at 523 W. Main, which is available to members. The Judicial Branch s goal is to offer District Court Clerk offices in Pocola and Idabel in the future as well. It is all about what is best for our tribal members. We want them to have easy access, and we want to help them, said Young. She said court cases have more than doubled since last year, as members and others wanting the venue in Tribal Court have discovered the professional capability, affordability and caring attitude of the Apellate Court: Rabon, Phelps and Gotcher. 54

56 Choctaw Nation Courts. The Choctaw Nation website has information on the Choctaw Nation Court and its codes, including copies of the Marriage and Divorce Code, Children s Code, Adoption Code, Guardianship Code, Workers Injury Code, Public Health and Safety Code, Traffic Code, Juvenile Code, Juror Code, Public Health and Safety Code, Juvenile Code, Criminal Code, Criminal Procedure and Civil Procedure. Expanding Historic Legal Division Expanding legal with other divisions in 2016 was a historic move for the Choctaw Nation, allowing more flexibility for the legal division when working with and advising the departments of the tribe. The tribe has a General Counsel who works with the Legislative Branch (Tribal Council) and advises the Choctaw Nation Administrative Offices, and also has an in-house Assistant General Counsel and Managing Attorney for the legal branch that serves the services and commerce divisions. With the rapid growth of the tribe, it is reasonable to see the supportive legal division has a need to expand, as well. This includes bringing together quasi legal services, which were spread throughout the Choctaw Nation. Land acquisition, law enforcement, environmental, risk management and governmental relations are now working together with legal as a team under the division of Legal and Compliance to perform services which are closely related. This division hopes to create a new emphasis in the areas of compliance necessary to fulfill responsibilities as a sovereign nation. Not only does this include protection of the tribe s assets and the rights of tribal members and associates, but also protection of land and natural resources. One example of this is the historic water settlement. Now that the tribe has taken on the responsibility of protecting this valuable resource, it also has the responsibility to continually monitor and verify all parties fulfill their obligation. Brad Mallett, Associate General Counsel for the Choctaw Nation, says, We hope to implement a level of protection for the Choctaw Nation which has never been seen before. This would include greater scrutiny over contracts, business practices, employment policies, corporate governance, and many other areas that are too numerous to mention in an organization the size of the Choctaw Nation. We will never be able to eliminate every occurrence or violation, but we can close the gap on the gray areas so that everyone has a fair opportunity to know and follow the rules. This should help underscore the atmosphere of transparency and accountability that the Chief and Assistant Chief are constantly improving as the hallmark of this administration. Mallett said that the newly formed and expanded Division of Legal and Compliance is more than just placing a new title on old positions. By bringing these related departments under one division, we are determined to take District Court: Cryer, Parker and Branum. communication and teamwork to a new level. This will result in quicker decisions, improved consistency, more efficiency and better results, said Mallett. This division also assists in finding new opportunities for future growth of the Choctaw Nation. Anyone who has watched Chief Batton over the past few years knows he is always searching for new and better ways to serve the Choctaw people. This is a challenge that each and every person who serves in our division takes to heart, says Mallett. This includes our Environmental Department promoting recycling; our Governmental Relations Department constantly searching for new partnerships at the federal, state and local level; our Risk Management Department developing safety programs to protect our associates; our Department of Land & Title finding ways to acquire and protect land within our territorial boundaries; and our Department of Public Safety keeping our people and property safe from interference. All of this will be accomplished in a manner that respects the history, culture and continuing needs of the Choctaw people. 55

ENGLISH TO CHAHTA DICTIONARY: YEARS OF WORK BY OUR FIRST SPEAKERS Over 2,000 dictionaries printed in three months since first release The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma Dictionary Committee has been

A rapidly evolving world of words and a desire to have the most complete and perfect product possible lengthened the expected time in printing the Choctaw dictionary.

57 ENGLISH TO CHAHTA DICTIONARY: YEARS OF WORK BY OUR FIRST SPEAKERS Over 2,000 dictionaries printed in three months since first release The Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma Dictionary Committee has been laboring for more than 14 years to produce a revised Dictionary of English to Choctaw Language. A rapidly evolving world of words and a desire to have the most complete and perfect product possible lengthened the expected time in printing the Choctaw dictionary. First Speakers of the Choctaw Language worked with diligence and attention to detail to ensure the Choctaw language would endure. Teresa Billy, a speaker and teacher of the Choctaw language and one of the many people who worked for years to bring the new publication to reality, talks of Cyrus Byington, saying his is a story of perseverance, purpose and passion. According to Billy, Byington worked with the Choctaws as a missionary. He wrote a definer, speller and the first dictionary. He preached to the full-bloods in Choctaw, the mixed-bloods in English, and he also preached to the slaves, said Billy. The finished book is available in hard or soft cover through the Choctaw Bookstore and is a source of pride. This is an important book for the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma and will be used as a research and educational source for generations to come. Those who have worked on the newly revised Choctaw Dictionary include Richard Adams, Teresa Billy, Hannah Bryan, Eleanor Caldwell, Kaye (Noah) Choate, Bernie Davis, Mike Davis, Lola John, Abe Frazier, Bob Ludlow, Christine Ludlow, Rebecca Nahwooksy, Lillie Roberts, Eveline Battiest Steele, Betty Ward and Jack B. Martin. The dictionary that has been commonly used for the past 102 years written by Byington and edited by John R. Swanton and Henry S. Halbert, was often reprinted in various covers. The new, updated dictionary has been a heartfelt effort from the Choctaw language experts. The release of the dictionary is one of the most exciting events of New dictionary has spiritual history The new Choctaw Dictionary has a history with a deep spiritual meaning. The background and history that led up to the publication of the dictionary includes important information about Cyrus Byington. Teresa Billy shared the following history about Byington and his tremendous influence on Choctaws and the written language: In the 1800s there was a worldwide spiritual awakening that occurred the Spirit of God fell over people. Cyrus Byington was a very bright young fellow. He went to college, passed his bar exams, and then this spiritual move occurred. He felt the call of God upon his life. He went 56

to the American Board of Commissioners and signed up to be sent to a Native tribe. This decision was something you didn t see very often. It wasn t very popular to be Indian.

He was sent to the Choctaws, spent about eight years in the field, and wrote his mother a note and told her he was being ordained as a preacher.

He immersed himself in the language and in two years he was preaching in Choctaw language. They also began translating hymns into Choctaw. Then the removal occurred.

58 to the American Board of Commissioners and signed up to be sent to a Native tribe. This decision was something you didn t see very often. It wasn t very popular to be Indian. Choctaws had to be moved out of the way because the United States was expanding. When Byington made this decision, his family disowned him. He was sent to the Choctaws, spent about eight years in the field, and wrote his mother a note and told her he was being ordained as a preacher. She wrote him a note back and told him she was very proud of him. So you fastforward to being in Mississippi and his goal became to write down the language. He immersed himself in the language and in two years he was preaching in Choctaw language. They also began translating hymns into Choctaw. Then the removal occurred. Cyrus Byington took all the literature, material, and resources that were being developed and everything came with them from Mississippi to Oklahoma. He settled near Eagletown. He built a school, Stockbridge, and began ministering to the Choctaw people. Life was rough. History tells us that within the first three to five years he buried 274 Choctaws. Not only was he about the business of doing that, he was marrying people, he was sort of a doctor, as he had some knowledge of herbs and medicines. Not to mention the fact that he was also growing crops in the field to feed his family. Byington established 14 churches, some of which are still in existence today. All the while he continued to work on the dictionary. There are many unnamed Choctaw people who helped in the development of a dictionary. Byington also developed his Choctaw Grammar book and hoped to have it printed. The American Board refused to fund it, as it was considered a literary work not directly related to the mission. Later, he wrote to the Smithsonian Institution and asked them if they would print his material, which they did after his death. In 1915, the first dictionary was published. A family member said after his death, the note from his mother saying she was proud was found on his person. He had never seen any of his family after he joined the ministry. After the School of Choctaw Language was established, it was time for us to create a dictionary. Teresa Billy Chief Pyle and then-assistant Chief Batton posed a question to us: What are you doing now that 100 years from now will still reflect and sustain our culture, our traditions and our values? At that moment we began to talk about it and said when people start to learn our language they will need a tool, a resource. They will need to know how to use this. In 20 or 30 years, the fluent speakers are not going to be here. We focused on developing a learners dictionary. Different forms of using words are included in the entries with phrases. It is for the benefit of the learners so they will know how to put words together to create the phrase that is wanted. All learners and students are a part of the historical significance of the language because of their help in preservation of the language. The dictionary is printed by Choctaw Print Services, and available through The Choctaw Store Hwy 69/75, Colbert, OK 74733, and online at choctawstore. com. 57

NEW BOOK EDUCATES ABOUT SCHOOLS FOR THE CHOCTAWS Choctaws have been making sure their youth receive top-notch education for centuries. This has been documented in a new book on Choctaw education.

59 NEW BOOK EDUCATES ABOUT SCHOOLS FOR THE CHOCTAWS Choctaws have been making sure their youth receive top-notch education for centuries. This has been documented in a new book on Choctaw education. The manuscript for the book, Schools for the Choctaws, was written by the late Dr. W.B. Morrison and co-edited by Joy Culbreath and Kathy Carpenter. Dr. Morrison s son, Bob, had brought the manuscript to Culbreath and given the Choctaw Nation the copyright on the book. Our schools were taught by missionaries from Yale, Dartmouth and Harvard not only did we have people with PhDs they were called by God. We had the cream of the crop! White man schools were often taught by people with eighth grade educations. Missionaries for the Choctaws were so dedicated they even made the trip over the Trail of Tears. After we came west, a lot of our students went back East and went to school and did well, said Culbreath. This book talks about the lesser-known Choctaw schools as well as the ones we have heard about for years, such as Spencer, Armstrong and New Hope. Two of them are still operating today, Jones Academy and Goodland. Culbreath and Carpenter both complimented the amount of research that went into the book. Carpenter said, Morrison s research was amazing. He had to travel to 58 different places. He got to talk to people in these areas. He contacted colleges, researched books and researched government records on how the schools were funded. There was no internet for him to Google! Carpenter said what she liked most were the stories about the missionaries. These people didn t have to leave their comfortable lives to come to the Choctaws to start schools. Students lived with them the missionaries fed them, clothed them, everything. These missionaries learned the language and wrote definers, which was the first book the Choctaws had. People like Cyrus Kingsbury are probably why we are a Christian Nation. Culbreath said, Our ancestors had such pride. We had been through hard times. When we were given opportunity we took it. Our ancestors had to leave their homeland with nothing but the shirt on their back. Through these stories you can see the strength of Choctaw people. When you know God, you see the help that doesn t come from anywhere else. Carpenter also said she was very impressed that Choctaws in the 1800s were very insistent that the women received an education. When the manuscript was given to Culbreath, there were no photographs included, so she and Kathy began to bring it to life by finding as many images as they could relating to Morrison s writing. They had maps redrawn, worked with Oklahoma Historical Society to find photographs of Choctaw schools and pictures of appropriate people and searched through many other archives for images. Some of the photos were made available from family donations. They also created an index for the book. The project was intense, time consuming and laborious. The finished product is a thorough history of Choctaw education facilities that is interesting and easy to read. This will live beyond us, said Carpenter. The book is printed by Choctaw Print Services, and available through The Choctaw Store, 1882 Hwy 69/75, Colbert, OK 74733, and online at choctawstore.com. Cost is $34.99 for paperback; $64.99, hardback. For information, call

AWARD-WINNING CHAHTAS Chief Batton chosen Creative Ambassador Chief Gary Batton has been chosen among other leading Oklahomans to serve as a Creativity Ambassador for the state.

Accomplishments he has led for the Choctaw Nation and community of Durant were of special notice to the Creative Oklahoma board members.

Imagine Durant and his advocacy for education. Chief Batton s leadership has helped thousands of people receive scholarships to higher education and career training.

Casino Marketing & Technology Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2017 annual Casino Marketing & Technology Conference.

of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma s gaming operations, said Randy Green, group publisher, BNP Media Gaming Group.

60 AWARD-WINNING CHAHTAS Chief Batton chosen Creative Ambassador Chief Gary Batton has been chosen among other leading Oklahomans to serve as a Creativity Ambassador for the state. The Batton Creative Oklahoma board nominated Chief Batton as a way to recognize his creative and innovative contributions. Accomplishments he has led for the Choctaw Nation and community of Durant were of special notice to the Creative Oklahoma board members. Critical to choosing Chief Batton for this nomination were the many jobs created since his term began, the construction of new businesses and facilities across southeast Oklahoma, his co-founding of Imagine Durant and his advocacy for education. Chief Batton s leadership has helped thousands of people receive scholarships to higher education and career training. Longtime gaming executive awarded lifetime achievement Janie Dillard, Executive Officer of Operations, Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma, Division of Commerce, was presented with the prestigious Dillard Casino Marketing & Technology Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2017 annual Casino Marketing & Technology Conference. We are thrilled to present this year s Lifetime Achievement Award to Janie Dillard, whose ground-up, hands-on management style and motivational leadership has been central to the quality and growth of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma s gaming operations, said Randy Green, group publisher, BNP Media Gaming Group. IHS award for work on behalf of tribes Longtime employee Mickey Peercy has received an Indian Health Service (IHS) Director s award recognizing his many years Peercy of supporting Indian Health Care and Self-Governance issues, both for Choctaw Nation and the whole of Indian Country. Peercy has spent the past three decades devoted to protecting Self-Governance and advocating for improving health care for Native America. He was nominated by Director Mary Smith and approved by Rear Admiral Chris Buchanan. The Crystal Eagle award presented to Peercy is a fitting representation of his powerful and courageous work on behalf of the tribes. Choctaws inducted in the 2016 Oklahoma Hall of Fame Mike Burrage currently serves the Choctaw Nation as General Counsel. One of the first American Indian federal judges, he Burrage has served as a federal Judge for all three U.S. District Courts in Oklahoma. Burrage served as a member of the Oklahoma Bar Association Board of Governors from 1984 to 1986 and as President of the Oklahoma Bar Association in He is currently a Trustee for the Oklahoma Bar Association and a member of the Oklahoma Supreme Court Committee for Civil Jury Instructions. General Rita Aragon is a retired Oklahoma Air National Guard two star general. She became the first female to hold the rank of Brigadier Aragon General in the history of the United States Air National Guard as the commander and Assistant Adjutant General for the Oklahoma Air National Guard in March She was named by Governor Mary Fallin as Oklahoma s Secretary of Veteran s Affairs, the first female to hold that office. 59

IRELAND PAYS TRIBUTE Chief Batton meets with Alex Pentek, sculptor of Kindred Spirits.

County Cork, Ireland. Cork-based artist Alex Pentek was commissioned to create a sculpture commemorating a donation by the Choctaw people to Ireland during the Great Famine.

Nine majestic 20-foot eagle feathers form a perfect circle, reaching to the skies above Bailic Park in Midleton.

61 IRELAND PAYS TRIBUTE Chief Batton meets with Alex Pentek, sculptor of Kindred Spirits. June ceremony honors Choctaw Nation for donation to Irish people The Choctaw and Irish cultures came together June 18 for a long-awaited dedication of the Kindred Spirits sculpture in Midleton, County Cork, Ireland. Cork-based artist Alex Pentek was commissioned to create a sculpture commemorating a donation by the Choctaw people to Ireland during the Great Famine. He created a beautiful representation of life and generosity from one nation of people to another. Nine majestic 20-foot eagle feathers form a perfect circle, reaching to the skies above Bailic Park in Midleton. The eagle feathers are arranged in a circular shape representing a bowl filled with food and presented to those suffering hunger. According to Cork County Council Official Joe McCarthy, the circle may also represent life, the beautiful planet we inhabit, the universe and God and also reflect that the Irish Nation now responds to the needs of others as the Choctaw did when they were in need. The Choctaw, having suffered themselves and out of their own poverty, could be so kind, generous and considerate for people on the other side of the world, barely known to them, follows the flight of the eagle and represents a rising above, said McCarthy. They bestowed a blessing not only on the starving Irish men, women and children but also on humanity as a whole causing a shift in human consciousness and progressing human evolution. The gift of the Choctaw was a demonstration of love and I hope that their monument will encourage us to act as they did. Chief Gary Batton, Assistant Chief Jack Austin, and a delegation from the Choctaw Nation attended the ceremony, one that included traditional Choctaw and Irish music and dance as well as several activities around the story and sculpture. This bond between our Nations has strengthened over the years, said Chief Batton. We are blessed to have the opportunity to share our cultures and to meet the generous people who have continued to honor a gift from the heart, Batton said. I feel the joining of our spirits 170 years ago and know the Chahta and people of Ireland will forever share a special bond. McCarthy said, Thank you to the wonderful, kind and generous Choctaw people. I was inclined to say we are reaching the end of our journey but I correct myself to say that the journey continues. The Kindred Spirits Choctaw monument represents a token of our thanks to the Choctaw people for the Choctaw gift during the Famine and, I hope, will continue to be an inspiration to us to follow the loving example of the wonderful, kind and generous Choctaw people in caring for people The spirit of the Choctaw Nation was welcomed into Ireland by the planting of a sacred oak tree in Bailick Park, Midleton, Cork County. 60

less fortunate than ourselves and suffering throughout the world.

The New York City memorial represents a rural Irish landscape with an abandoned stone cottage, stone walls, fallow potato fields and the flora on the north Connacht wetlands.

The New York City memorial, designed by artist Brian Tolle, contains stones from each of Ireland s 32 counties.

The text, which combines the history of the Great Famine with contemporary reports on world hunger, is cast as shadow onto illuminated frosted glass panels.

62 less fortunate than ourselves and suffering throughout the world. Other monuments of the Choctaw gift to Ireland in 1847 include the Irish Hunger Memorial located in New York City at Vesey Street and North End Avenue. The New York City memorial represents a rural Irish landscape with an abandoned stone cottage, stone walls, fallow potato fields and the flora on the north Connacht wetlands. It is both a metaphor for the Great Irish Famine and a reminder that hunger today is often the result of lack of access to land. The New York City memorial, designed by artist Brian Tolle, contains stones from each of Ireland s 32 counties. Along the base are bands of texts separated by layers of imported Kilkenny limestone. The text, which combines the history of the Great Famine with contemporary reports on world hunger, is cast as shadow onto illuminated frosted glass panels. One of the panels notes the Choctaw gift. There is also a brass plaque that hangs in the Lord Mayor s Mansion in Dublin that commemorates the generosity of the Choctaws. Choctaw artist Jane Semple Umsted created a painting, Two Nations, One Spirit, commemorating the donation 170 years ago. The painting was presented to the Nation of Ireland during the June visit. Brad Joe plays a traditional Choctaw flute during the ceremony for the Kindred Spirits sculpture. Lone piper Michael McCarthy plays within the center of the Kindred Spirits during the sculpture dedication. Large crowd during the dedication ceremony for the Kindred Spirits sculpture in Bailick Park, Midleton, Cork County. 61

Living for life Whether hosting a volleyball tournament, raising money to help with the next bus trip to the vacation of their choice, or attending a class to learn traditional beadwork, dressmaking

63 Living for life Whether hosting a volleyball tournament, raising money to help with the next bus trip to the vacation of their choice, or attending a class to learn traditional beadwork, dressmaking or some other craft, the Choctaw Senior Citizens say they can always find something to keep busy! The tribal members attending the weekly lunches at the Community Centers have formed friendships and creative ways to spend their days and evenings. Tribal members frequently say they look to elders for wisdom and leadership. Thankfully, our Choctaws are living active lives, and often longer lives than their ancestors, so we learn from them and follow their good examples. Even volleyball tournaments are being held between some of the communities. Chair volleyball games are held at Choctaw Wellness Centers. Currently, only a few of the centers participate, but the volleyball players are hoping to get more senior citizens interested, as they feel it is great exercise and lots of fun. Exercise class at the Coalgate Fitness Center is taught by a senior, Jeanette Taylor, who is an advocate for healthy living, and has a loyal attendance. Even Maggie Anderson, age 93, comes every week. Exercise class is on Monday and Wednesday. The Coalgate seniors who do not want to exercise on Wednesday mornings can take a cultural crafts class next door at the Community Center taught by Deloris Jefferson. So far, they have made corn husk dolls, God s Eyes, and key chains. One of the newer activities among seniors has been the Choctaw clothing sewing class taught by Oneida Winship. Interested participants learn to sew their own Linda Settlemier, Pat Woods, Alice Hudson, Andy Johnson and Janice Jones work at the Indian Taco lunch to raise money for their Branson trip. The Atoka Seniors sell tacos every first Friday of the month. 62

Choctaw dress or Choctaw shirt. Ann Kaniatobe has a beautiful dress she made for herself and also sewed a three-tiered Choctaw skirt in dark purple and gold for her daughter to wear at graduation.

64 Choctaw dress or Choctaw shirt. Ann Kaniatobe has a beautiful dress she made for herself and also sewed a three-tiered Choctaw skirt in dark purple and gold for her daughter to wear at graduation. She hand-cut all the diamonds she sewed on the dress and the skirt. Some students have made multiple dresses, saying each dress is easier and faster to make than the one before. The color choice and some of the style choices, such as how many ruffles on the skirt, size of the diamonds and even whether to use zippers, buttons or neither on the cuffs and bodice closure are the preference of the person sewing or wearing the clothing. Oneida said that a class she taught at Idabel included children who made their own clothing. She was impressed with their dedication, and said one of the young boys, a 13-year-old, completed his shirt, then assisted his 7-year-old brother finish his shirt. All while their sister worked on a dress for herself. This family interaction was wonderful to see, she said. I was very proud of the young people in the class. She is proud of all the people who complete the class with a finished clothing item. Deanna Creel of the Durant class has announced that she loves sewing the dresses so much she is going to register as a clothing seamstress in the Choctaw Artist Registry and offer her services as a business. The Durant seniors sewed Choctaw clothing for themselves two years ago at a group class and have worn their regalia at many events, including pow wows, singings and tribal events. They were in the Grand Entry at the 2017 Red Earth Festival and some participated in the dancing, wearing Choctaw clothing they had made. Volleyball-chair-style tournaments are held between centers. The District 9 Senior Citizens have Indian Taco sales and they have a unique twist. In cooperation with the local Choctaw Resort Casino, the Durant Seniors set up a buffet line and provide lunch opportunities to the gaming associates. This is a welcome treat to the employees and a great fundraiser for the elders. Collaboration with other entities has provided other opportunities. The seniors make special artisan items, such as feather fans for pow wow dancers. They work together in assembly line fashion, and have a goal of handcrafting 10 fans per day. District 10 Seniors also have monthly taco lunches. The first Friday of every month, the Atoka center is filled with people coming by to get the best lunch in town, served with a heaping helping of good company. The fry bread is so tender it melts in your mouth these cooks know how to please. They use the funds from the sales on their trips most recently to Branson. Talihina area elders made history when they sang for their supper in several prominent locations. Senior citizens from District 3 traveled to St. Jude s Children s Hospital in Memphis; Cherokee Fair, Cherokee, North Carolina; Carlisle Indian School, Carlisle, Pennsylvania; Paxton Presbyterian Church; the Statue of Liberty and the Native American Museum of the American Indian, singing Choctaw hymns. Fourteen seniors in the group Choctaws and Friends who made the trip said several of their hosts thanked them with a meal. The group also provided a traditional meal in 2017 to the local TAG group at Talihina School and sang at Clayton Homecoming in June. None are under 65 years old and they have been doing other creative things to raise money such as a Mothers Day tea, bake sales, and outright donations. They also sing at the Veteran s Center in Talihina and at funerals. Although made up of Senior Citizens, they would love to have young people get involved in the singing group and learn to sing the Choctaw hymns. These are just a few examples of activities the Choctaw Seniors are involved in. If the younger crowd is going to follow in their footsteps, they may have to pick up their pace! 63

65 GROWTH & OPPORTUNITY 64

66 Architect rendering of the new Durant Headquarters. The interior colors on the floors of the new headquarters are themed to honor the elements. The lower level is Earth. First and fifth floors are Fire. The second floor is Sun, third is Water, and fourth is Wind. 65

Chief Batton and Council are joined by seniors after the ceremonial signing of the beam. RAISE THE BEAM! The final beam is lifted to set atop the new headquarters.

The 500,000-square-foot building will provide convenient service available at one location near the health clinic, wellness center and community center.

Some of the other departments that will reside in the new building include administration, finance, legal, membership, CDIB and voter registration services, emergency services, education and career

A topping-out ceremony for the last steel beam to be placed allowed for tribal members to sign their name on the large girder.

67 Chief Batton and Council are joined by seniors after the ceremonial signing of the beam. RAISE THE BEAM! The final beam is lifted to set atop the new headquarters. Member service headquarters marks progress in construction Progress is being made on the construction of the member service headquarters in Durant. The 500,000-square-foot building will provide convenient service available at one location near the health clinic, wellness center and community center. The same campus also houses Food Distribution and a Child Development Center. Some of the other departments that will reside in the new building include administration, finance, legal, membership, CDIB and voter registration services, emergency services, education and career programs, children and family services, human resources, job recruitment, commerce, marketing and public relations. A topping-out ceremony for the last steel beam to be placed allowed for tribal members to sign their name on the large girder. Employees, some who had been with the tribe 35 years or more, signed names along with their years of service. The administrative headquarters has been located in the former Oklahoma Presbyterian College (OPC) facility in Durant since Employees and leaders are thankful to the legacy of the historic building, yet growth has exceeded space in this beautiful old building and staff are looking forward to a more efficient tribal member service experience in the new facility. Former OPC has been the tribal headquarters since Oklahoma Presbyterian College Historical Fact OPC Cardinals were a world famous basketball team of Oklahoma girls who began their ball playing career at OPC. They were the National and North American Basketball Championship Teams. The Cardinals played in the 1934 Women s Olympics in London. The Jim Thorpe Sports Hall of Fame in Oklahoma City hosts this display of recognition. 66

Architect s renderings of new five-story headquarters, which will open early 2018.

There will be a pedestrian bridge over the lake between the headquarters and the

Both members and employees will have a place to relax, enjoy a good meal and the

68 Architect s renderings of new five-story headquarters, which will open early A conference room is available that will seat up to 300 people. There will be a pedestrian bridge over the lake between the headquarters and the clinic and an amphitheater overlooking the lake with a lighted trail. Both members and employees will have a place to relax, enjoy a good meal and the outdoors. The cafeteria will offer a variety of meals with interior and exterior seating with an outdoor fireplace. 67

69 CHOCTAW NATION REGIONAL MEDICAL CLINIC Chief Batton and the Tribal Council are joined by other leaders and health professionals cutting the ribbon to the Durant clinic, officially opening expanded health services in the region. 68

Opportunity, excitement and great expectations were the sentiments expressed by special guest speaker Rear Admiral Chris Buchanan, Acting Director of the Indian Health Service, at the official

The first is Opportunity to do things like we ve never done before. The second word is Excitement. This clinic offers patients incredible medical access.

There are three buildings, a clinic, health administration and facilities maintenance, totaling about 180,000 square feet, featuring all-new, top-ofthe-line equipment and staff of 300.

70 Opportunity, excitement and great expectations were the sentiments expressed by special guest speaker Rear Admiral Chris Buchanan, Acting Director of the Indian Health Service, at the official opening of the Choctaw Nation Regional Medical Clinic in Durant, Three words come to mind when I think of this Choctaw Nation Medical Clinic. The first is Opportunity to do things like we ve never done before. The second word is Excitement. This clinic offers patients incredible medical access. The facility expects 5,700 outpatient visits a year! The third word is Expectation. Great Expectations, said Buchanan. The two-story clinic is part of a 20-acre campus-style development. There are three buildings, a clinic, health administration and facilities maintenance, totaling about 180,000 square feet, featuring all-new, top-ofthe-line equipment and staff of 300. It means providing quality health care to our tribal members. For one thing it s improving lives. It s hopefully keeping them living longer, preventing diseases and things like that. That s what our health and wellness is all about, said Chief Gary Batton. To make this a reality is phenomenal. I am thankful for what our employees, IHS and our Council have done. To the tribal members, Chief Batton said, I hope you enjoy the services you receive here and I hope you have a long and healthy life. The clinic functions include primary care including Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC), pediatrics, geriatrics, podiatry and specialty care, employee 69

Assistant Chief Jack Austin, Jr. introduced Rear Admiral Chris Buchanan, Acting Director of the Indian Health Service, Rockville, Maryland.

The clinic is the first tribal/indian Health Service program to have an ambulatory surgery clinic.

This state-of-the-art structure at 1801 Chukka Hina is located north of the Choctaw Casino Resort.

Assistant Chief Jack Austin said, None of this would be possible without a compelling vision of health care.

71 Assistant Chief Jack Austin, Jr. introduced Rear Admiral Chris Buchanan, Acting Director of the Indian Health Service, Rockville, Maryland. health, physical and speech therapy, outpatient surgery, dental care, audiology, optometry, pharmacy services, lab and radiology services, behavioral health, and both education and meeting facilities. The clinic is the first tribal/indian Health Service program to have an ambulatory surgery clinic. Administration functions include human resources, patient relations, healthy aging, education and meeting facilities. This state-of-the-art structure at 1801 Chukka Hina is located north of the Choctaw Casino Resort. It is a block north of the Durant Community Center, adjacent to the construction going up on the new administration building. Assistant Chief Jack Austin said, None of this would be possible without a compelling vision of health care. The facility is certified as a Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) building, which is a nationally accepted organization for design, operation and construction of high performance green buildings. As part of this certification, the clinic has a geothermal heating and cooling system. The majority of the waste construction materials was recycled. Thanks to the energy saving components of the clinic and work to decrease the impact to the environment, the new clinic achieved a Silver LEED certification. Need to make appointments or fill prescriptions? There is now an app for that. Download the Choctaw Nation Health Service app free from the App Store or Google Apps. Wanda Johnico, Lisa Melton and Nora Johnico came from Talihina to celebrate the opening of the Choctaw Nation Regional Medical Clinic. Kimberly Wall is at the BioFire Filmarray, a new state-of-the-art diagnostic system in the lab allowing for much faster results on respiratory and gastrointestinal panels. Some of the surgical team Dr. Sumner, Kristinia Delozier, Susan Vail, Lauren Johnson, Lacey McKay, Beth Daniel, Star Lockhart, Jessie Branton, Jennifer Bell and David Bell. 70

MRI Technologists Colton Bacu and Kati Phillips explain how the machine works,

CT Technologists Gus Thompson and Tara Taylor showing the latest advances in

The CT scanner and MRI help provide detailed information, better diagnostic care

72 MRI Technologists Colton Bacu and Kati Phillips explain how the machine works, with blue ambient lighting for the comfort of the patient. CT Technologists Gus Thompson and Tara Taylor showing the latest advances in imaging technology a 128 slice CT scanner. The CT scanner and MRI help provide detailed information, better diagnostic care and greater convenience. Regan Reynolds and Physical Therapist Manager Laura Thomas show some of the standard motions done in physical therapy. 71

73 Check out the art throughout the Choctaw Nation Regional Medical Clinic! Below is an outdoor sculpture at the new clinic, Chukkachvffa meaning Family. 72 contributed photo

SPECIAL ART ADORNS CLINIC WALLS In the Choctaw culture, dragonflies are sometimes referred to as snake doctors, in reference to a legend that dragonflies follow snakes around and stitch them back

The physical therapy and dental areas of the new Choctaw Nation Regional Medical Clinic in Durant feature a specially designed dragonfly motif in relaxing colors of blues and greens and purples.

This was the first time he had attempted freehand artwork on the computer.

The masterpiece of a beautiful wall of dragonflies in physical therapy is suspended on a special material made of Acrovyn.

74 SPECIAL ART ADORNS CLINIC WALLS In the Choctaw culture, dragonflies are sometimes referred to as snake doctors, in reference to a legend that dragonflies follow snakes around and stitch them back together if they are injured. Dragonflies represent transformation and life s ever-constant process of change. The physical therapy and dental areas of the new Choctaw Nation Regional Medical Clinic in Durant feature a specially designed dragonfly motif in relaxing colors of blues and greens and purples. When drawing the dragonflies, the artist, Dr. Ben Thompson, an employee of the Choctaw Nation, looked at the finest details of the insects, took photos and began sketching on a laptop. This was the first time he had attempted freehand artwork on the computer. This allowed the drawings to be manipulated and merged into other fields of artwork much more easily than static sketches that were scanned. The masterpiece of a beautiful wall of dragonflies in physical therapy is suspended on a special material made of Acrovyn. This material is easily cleaned, providing a long-lasting surface that can be sanitized for the therapy environment. To maintain Joint Commission accreditation and standards, Acrovyn is used in many areas in the clinic, and visitors will also see the dragonfly art in different areas. Beautiful art solved the issue of maintaining patients privacy while working out by large windows. The light shining through the dragonfly pond image hanging over the windows gives the room an ethereal feel. While sketching the prototypes, Dr. Thompson said the dragonflies began to take on personalities. He even gave them each a name such as Lizzy, Edward, and Harry. Naming the dragonflies made it easier for the art team to change placement and design elements simply by referring to them by the title Dr. Thompson gave them. It has given a beautiful project a fun edge that adds to the dragonfly story for the art team and the health team. When visiting the clinics, and seeing art featuring dragonflies, see if you can identify Ollie, Monty and Abbie, among the many others! An additional art feature is incorporated into the wayfinding of the clinic, and is being shared as part of the refresh of all the other Choctaw health clinics. For instance, all pediatric clinics will have the same design or logo, all optometry will have the same design, all pharmacy will have the same design, etc. Each of the logos are inspired by traditional beadwork designs that have been used for many years by Choctaws. Dr. Thompson is the Director of Optometry and the Facility Director of the Stigler Clinic. Be not afraid of going slowly, be afraid only of standing still. Flex i bil i ty the quality of bending easily without breaking. Strength and growth come only through continuing effort and struggle. 73

NOTABLE FIRSTS IN HEALTH Choctaw Nation is the first tribe in the United States to have a fully accredited Family Practice Residency Program partnering with Oklahoma State University.

75 NOTABLE FIRSTS IN HEALTH Choctaw Nation is the first tribe in the United States to have a fully accredited Family Practice Residency Program partnering with Oklahoma State University. Up to nine residents are stationed at Choctaw hospital in Talihina to go through training. The first year, two of the three residents returned to Talihina to practice, and the second year, one of three returned, so it has proven to be a tremendous recruitment retention program. Choctaw Nation is also the first tribe in Oklahoma to sign a contract with LogistiCare for billing for medical transportation, which is the company used for Sooner Rides. Being able to bill for rides enables more funds to be placed into the Tribal Transportation Services Program for services such as hiring additional drivers. With services opening at the new clinic in Durant, the Choctaw Nation has become the first tribe to have an out-patient surgery center in a clinical setting. Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations were the first tribes to sign a Memorandum of Understanding for transferring ownership of a clinic with the approval of Indian Health Service. The Choctaw Nation was the first tribe in Oklahoma to partner with the Veterans Administration to administer to VA patients. Veterans may be seen at any of the tribal clinics. CHOCTAW BLEND BRICK Chief Batton wanted the brick on the Durant clinic to be similar to the Capitol at Tvshka Homma. His challenge put the building crew and Acme brick representatives into think-mode. Among the many colors of brick at the various yards were dark shades of red that resembled the dark antique bricks of the Choctaw Capitol. After much sampling, a blend from several locations was found to be a modification of a blend that closely resembled that between the Tribal Capitol and the current Tribal Headquarters brick. Acme has named the color Choctaw Blend, and has said they plan to make it available to the public in the near future. 74

will be seeing. The clinics will have the same wayfinding in the refresh project to provide consistency.

76 FRESH APPEARANCE AT CLINICS All of the Choctaw Clinics are getting a refresh. The opening of the new Choctaw Nation Regional Medical Clinic in February 2017 and the Namesake Project to honor those people the tribal clinics are named after are just part of the new look patients will be seeing. The clinics will have the same wayfinding in the refresh project to provide consistency. Beadwork inspired the wayfinding designs, keeping with the Faith, Family, Culture values and themes of the tribe. Artwork and colors at each of the clinics will also reflect these values. The Choctaw Nation has a goal of providing tremendous health care to our families, and we want each visit to one of the tribal facilities to be as pleasant as possible. The Choctaw Nation clinics bear a photo and plaque of a worthy Choctaw person who has earned the respect and esteem of tribal leaders and Choctaw people. A legislative act is required to title a tribal facility in honor of an individual. Employee K. Halann Elliott saw the old-fashioned plaques and photos that adorned the hallways of the Dr. Ben Thompson working on a sketch of Charley Jones. health clinics and was disappointed in the appearance of the tributes she felt they weren t particularly noticed. With determination, talent and a thumbs up from health executives, Elliott began working on a creative and consistent way to honor the namesakes. She wanted something that would be attractive, modern, and capture the look and feel of the newly decorated clinics across the Choctaw Nation. When I discovered that Dr. Ben Thompson was an excellent artist, the ideas began to form, said Elliott. His work is amazing, and truly is a treasure. Sketches of each of the namesakes by Dr. Thompson, Chief of Optometry and Facility Director of the Stigler Clinic, are paired with copper and textured plaques, set in glass, for a modern, classic dedication. Families of the namesake are given a copy of the sketch during a special ceremony at the hanging of each replacement dedication. The Poteau Clinic has hung the sketch of Rubin White and the Poteau Refill Center has hung the sketch of Lois Burton. Idabel Health Care Clinic bears the name and sketch of Charley Jones. Elliott is requesting assistance in locating family members of the namesake for the McAlester Clinic, Calvin G. Beames. She needs a very clear, original photograph, and a list of family members and addresses to invite to the namesake ceremony for the McAlester event. If family and/or friends have photos of Beames, please send them to K. Halann Elliott, PO Box 1210, Durant, OK She will return them unharmed. Dr. Thompson is also sketching members of the Choctaw Nation Health Board to commemorate their service to the tribe. Those include deceased members Randle Durant, Loyce Bell, Juanita Jefferson, Geraldine McKinney, Johnson Ott, and Lois Burton. For more information on how you can help provide photos, call (580) , ext

IDABEL CLINIC REDEDICATED A legend among the Choctaw Nation, the name Charley Jones immediately conjures memories of storytelling, Choctaw language and hymns.

77 IDABEL CLINIC REDEDICATED A legend among the Choctaw Nation, the name Charley Jones immediately conjures memories of storytelling, Choctaw language and hymns. Charley s love of history and tireless research was widely known. Wherever he traveled, he had a folder of information under his arm that he was happy to share with whomever was interested. His eyes would twinkle as he pulled out a copy of Choctaw legislation from the mid-1800s or a paper on the late, great Chief Pushmataha. This true gentle warrior of our time, Charley Jones, worked as a servant leader for the Choctaw people, as an employee of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Indian Health Services. He served three terms as District 1 Tribal Councilman for the Choctaw Nation before retiring in 2003 at the age of 85. He was recognized globally as an expert on Choctaw history and was invited to France to share our culture and history overseas. Many of his stories were published in both Choctaw and English, and Charley assisted in writing some of the first books the tribe printed to teach the language. His neighbors and community members were appreciative of Charley and counted on him they knew he was always willing to volunteer and share his cultural knowledge locally as well. Charley had very modest beginnings, and has told the story of being a 9-year-old barefoot boy with shoulder-length hair running in the forest when people came to take him to boarding school. He tried to wait them out, but in the end, was taken to Goodland. Charley spoke only Choctaw at the time, and his education included a tremendous culture shock. 76

He not only acclimated to Goodland School, he went on to receive a college education at Bacone, attended what he called singing

The Choctaw Clinic at Idabel has born his name since its construction, with a brass plaque at the base of the flagpoles.

that all the citizens who utilize the clinic can see the wisdom of his face and remember the service of his leadership.

He has been greatly missed since his passing in 2004.

78 He not only acclimated to Goodland School, he went on to receive a college education at Bacone, attended what he called singing school, and moved back to McCurtain County, marrying Louellon Hudspeth. The Choctaw Clinic at Idabel has born his name since its construction, with a brass plaque at the base of the flagpoles. The Namesake Project is an opportunity to pay homage to Charley and honor him with a beautiful portrait in the hall of the clinic so that all the citizens who utilize the clinic can see the wisdom of his face and remember the service of his leadership. Charley may have been slight of build, but he was a champion in stature of respect and reputation. He has been greatly missed since his passing in Charley greatly enjoyed sharing his knowledge of history, considering Choctaw heritage and history an important part of education, yet made it clear that the Choctaw Way was not to look back, not to dwell on the past, but to focus on moving forward, and to continue to progress. Great great grandchildren of Charley Jones attended the Namesake event. 77

These elder housing services are designed as units for a single person or a person and their spouse.

79 INDEPENDENT LIVING COMMUNITY GIVES ELDERS AUTONOMY First resident to move in, Wanda Ward, pictured with Councilman Delton Cox. Smithville is the beautiful locale of the most recently opened Choctaw Nation elder living community. These elder housing services are designed as units for a single person or a person and their spouse. Tours of the homes showed the in-house safe room that is between the living room and kitchen of each unit. Each applicant must be able to live independently. Applicants must be 55 or older. Elders age 62 and older receive preference. Tenants must be able to pay 15% of their gross adjusted income towards rent. The Choctaw Nation has Independent Living Communities for elders in Durant, Idabel, Antlers, Smithville, Talihina, Poteau, Hartshorne, Atoka, Stigler, and is building a community of homes in Coalgate. We are happy to provide these comfortable homes for the Choctaw Senior Citizens, said Chief Batton. Councilman Kenny Bryant was all smiles at the offical ribbon cutting, giving God credit for the success of the project. 78

FIGHTING HUNGER FOR OUR CHILDREN Teamwork between the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations has expanded a summer program that provided food to 9,601 children in the Choctaw Nation.

80 FIGHTING HUNGER FOR OUR CHILDREN Teamwork between the Choctaw and Chickasaw Nations has expanded a summer program that provided food to 9,601 children in the Choctaw Nation. From June through August, students who received free and reduced school meals could receive an EBT card with $30 for those three months for healthy food purchases. This federally funded program was available to all children who qualified they did not have to be Native American. Qualifying families received approximately $30 of free food per child, per month for the three summer months. Benefits were on EBT cards that worked like a debit card, allowing the purchase of healthy food for the summer. In order to qualify, the child must be enrolled in a participating school in pre-k through 12th grade and receive free or reduced meals at school. The Chickasaw Nation teamed with the Choctaw Nation and issued the EBT cards for both tribes. This is a great program to fight hunger for our children in the Choctaw Nation, said Director Claudene Williams. We are excited to be able to provide this great supplement to the families food budgets so that the children can have additional healthy food during the summer while they are out of school. Participating schools for 2017 were Albion, Antlers, Atoka, Battiest, Bennington, Boswell, Broken Bow, Caddo, Calvin, Canadian, Caney, Clayton, Crowder, Denison, Durant, Eagletown, Forest Grove, Fort Towson, Frink- Chambers, Glover, Haileyville, Harmony, Hartshorne, Haywood, Haworth, Holdenville, Holly Creek, Hugo, Idabel, Indianola, Kiowa, Krebs, Lane, Lukfata, McAlester, Moyers, Nashoba, Pittsburg, Quinton, Rattan, Rock Creek, Savanna, Smithville, Soper, Stringtown, Stuart, Swink, Tannehill, Tushka, Tushkahoma, Valliant and Wright City. Summer Feeding Program for youth in key locations Being hungry is one of the most severe roadblocks to the learning process. The Choctaw Nation Health Services sponsored the Summer Food Service Program during the summer at several key locations. The Summer Food Service Program is designed to fill the nutrition gap and make sure children can get the healthy meals they need through the summer months. Lack of nutrition during the summer months may set up a cycle for poor performance once school begins again. Hunger also may make children more prone to illness and other health issues. The Summer Food Service Program (SFSP) ensures that low-income children continue to receive nutritious meals when school is not in session. The USDA oversees this federally funded program, which the State of Oklahoma administers for them. All children who are 1-year-old through 12th grade in the Broken Bow, Hugo, Spiro and Talihina areas are eligible to have lunch at the Summer Food Service Programs. The Talihina and Broken Bow Boys and Girls Clubs also provide an afternoon snack for the children. You DO NOT have to be Native American to participate. This is an Equal Opportunity Program. 79

81 Students help the Council, Chief and other leaders cut the ribbon for their new Head Start facility in Atoka. HEAD START CELEBRATES SAFETY FEATURES The newly constructed Choctaw Nation Head Start at Atoka proclaims in large letters above the front door, Bright Futures Start Here. The beautiful building s safety features include a FEMA-compliant, 635-square-foot, walk-in safe room for students and staff. There are also 26 smoke alarms, fire sprinkler systems, a generator backup, and insulation made from recycled paper that is fire resistant. There are 14 audio and video security cameras throughout the facility, bulletresistant walls and glass, as well as keyless entries that add protection for each classroom. Chief Batton has made it clear that he feels it is important to give youth a true head start in life by providing an early education, including education on Choctaw history, culture and language, which they receive at the Choctaw Nation Head Start classrooms. Tribal Councilman for District 10, Anthony Dillard, made sure the young children held the ribbon as he used the big scissors to officially open the Head Start. He said this was the third location for the Atoka Head Start and he was proud to have a dedicated and permanent home for the program. There is a capacity for 34 children at the 7,681-square-foot Atoka center. The center currently employs seven staff members. 80

Three schools in Pushmataha and McCurtain County are benefitting from a Choctaw Nation initiative that collaborates with schools to provide a full hour of tutoring each day after the last bell.

82 CHAHTA HIMMAK PILA PEHLICHI New tutoring program in three McCurtain County schools assisted 2,023 in first five months. Chahta Himmak Pila Pehlichi which translates to mean Choctaw Future Leaders, is a new scholastic tutoring program that is showing promising results for students. Three schools in Pushmataha and McCurtain County are benefitting from a Choctaw Nation initiative that collaborates with schools to provide a full hour of tutoring each day after the last bell. Wright City, Battiest and Rattan schools each have teachers who volunteer their time to stay after school to assist any students who need help with their work or bringing their grades up. The tutoring program is open to students age 14-24, which means that college students are also welcome to attend the program. The program began in January 2017 through an Administration for Native Americans grant, and is a five-year program. The majority of students who are attending regularly requested tutoring due to having low grades at the beginning of the program. After tutoring, grades began to rise and attitudes began to be better, as well. The director of the program, Hannah Wood, commented that the students were taught responsibility as a part of the program. The grant has a component that allows us to provide an allowance of $8 each time the student fulfills a day s tutoring, said Wood. It is placed on a card Ivan Baker, a senior at Rattan High School, and his sister, 8th grader Kamryn Baker, are part of the scholastic tutoring program. similar to a pay card, or gift card, that the student can redeem at a store for food, clothing, or whatever they may need for school or extra-curricular activities. She told a story of one young lady who had pride in being able to use her card to purchase a pair of new shoes. This was the first pair of new shoes she had purchased on her own, instead of having to wear hand-me-downs. The tutoring program also brings in special events such as ACT preparation courses, and holds a Summer Leadership Camp, complete with a cultural component for the three schools, which will feature elders from the community to speak to the students. Thirty leadership interns attended the 2017 camp. The classroom is filled with students after school as the volunteer teacher at Rattan, Nikki Brown, oversees and assists them with their various studies. 81

CAREER EXPO PROVIDES OPPORTUNITIES A decade of meeting with pre-eminent employers and training facilities from across the region was marked in 2017 at the annual Choctaw Nation Career Expo at

83 CAREER EXPO PROVIDES OPPORTUNITIES A decade of meeting with pre-eminent employers and training facilities from across the region was marked in 2017 at the annual Choctaw Nation Career Expo at McAlester. Attendees each year have opportunities to learn about financial aid assistance, turn in resumes to prospective employers and hear inspirational speeches. Students, job seekers and employers all benefit from the annual event. Over 150 booths were filled in 2017 with representatives from colleges, training facilities, military recruiters, businesses and organizations with job opportunities. All of these were able to connect at the Career Expo. Each year, this Expo is coordinated and presented by the Choctaw Nation Career Development Program. This program assists tribal members in obtaining career and technology training which leads to industryrecognized certifications and licensures. The program supports tribal members in training programs ranging from truck driving, welding, teaching, and heavy equipment operation, to a wide variety of certifications in the health care field, as well as many others. 82

ACE TEAM SERVES OTHERS ACE is an acronym for Audit, Compliance, and Ethics, and is composed of a team that is selfdescribed as providing strategybased, flexible advisory auditing.

84 ACE TEAM SERVES OTHERS ACE is an acronym for Audit, Compliance, and Ethics, and is composed of a team that is selfdescribed as providing strategybased, flexible advisory auditing. The ACE employees say they focus on helping others meet their needs, so that the tribe can deliver the best services and programs to the Choctaw members. We are really fortunate to be able to serve, said the team leader, Lissa Julius. The ACE team The ACE team stays busy with multiple projects and objectives on a daily basis, much more than simply auditing financial activities. This is the team that manages the conflict of interest reporting and analysis, the CNO hotline and the Compliance and Ethics Committee. They assess organizational culture, investigate allegations of fraud, deception and corruption, and serve as trusted advisors. ACE works with leadership across the tribal organization to examine the control frameworks surrounding processes to see if there are gaps that could expose Choctaw Nation to risk of financial loss, reduction of efficiency, or simply create waste. When asked what some of the ACE team duties entail, staff said they stay busy tasks include supporting managers and employees. We respond to inquiries and issues dealing with employees, explained one staff member, Jeanne Hutchins. Another said they also help departments grow and improve. We help with strategic objectives. The ACE team works to ensure the Choctaw Nation is following the nine core values, said Tony Wesley. The team also strives to improve employee relations. We triage with multiple departments in an effort to identify gaps and to prepare management for resolution, said Lana Dill. Other responsibilities mentioned included investigating issues dealing with ethics violations, harassment, and theft. Matt Hanna handles the analytics, turning thousands and thousands of data points into knowledge, enabling the ACE team to provide visual information (charts, graphs, trend lines) to managers and program leaders. This enables management to more quickly identify and react to potential control breakdowns within processes. Julius said some of the ways ACE walks the talk of being accountable to tribal members is through asking the right questions, learning the answers, and then providing assurance that things are working the way they should or to help create plans to get them that way. For example, ACE learns the answers to questions such as these are programs providing the safety inspections timely and in places to prevent food borne illnesses where food is served, such as tribal events like the Labor Day Festival; do the day care facilities understand and periodically practice their emergency and safety drills that keep our children safe; does the hospital pharmacy adhere to appropriate inventory and security procedures to safeguard the medications and are the donations to tribal programs used as intended. Collaboration is the key to the success of ACE, and one of the best examples is found in the efforts of the Investigation Team, which consists of Tribal Police, ACE-Audit and ACE-Employee Relations. This group meets monthly to review trends and discuss best-practice strategies for growing compliance and cultural consistency across the tribal organization. The ultimate goal is to make sure the Choctaw Nation is protected. We work on behalf of the tribal members, said Julius. 83

CHAHTA WORLDWIDE The first episode of BiskinikTV aired September 2016 with coverage of last year s festival and Chief Batton s State of the Nation address.

85 CHAHTA WORLDWIDE The first episode of BiskinikTV aired September 2016 with coverage of last year s festival and Chief Batton s State of the Nation address. The program is released near the 15th of every month and has focused on news, culture, and stories of interest to Chahtas around the world. It may be viewed on the Choctaw Nation s YouTube channel and links are provided on the Choctaw Nation web, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram pages. The Communications Department is utilizing all forms of media to reach all ages. It is important to keep a connection with the tribe and with each other regardless of where we live. With the improvements in communications, Choctaw people are able to be notified of information more quickly, access programs and services through the websites, and communicate through social media, and text. The Biskinik newspaper has served as the main form of communications to tribal members since With the partnership of the Biskinik and Video Production departments, it has evolved to include this video component that is fun and convenient to use. Video Production has created many videos and podcasts highlighting Chahta elders, veterans, successes, culture, and more. The staff have also completed a short film, The Choctaw Pony: Untamed Tradition. All can be found on ChoctawNationOK, the official Choctaw Nation YouTube Channel, or by subscribing to Anompuli on itunes. On the set with a live filming of BISKINIK TV on the day of the topping out ceremony for the new service headquarters building. The hosts interview Council Speaker Delton Cox. 84

MILES TO GO BEFORE I SLEEP Russell dedicates life to message of don t text and drive Oklahoma State Trooper Nicholas Dees was killed in the line of duty during a traffic stop by a distracted driver

Fighting to save others lives through the legacy of his story is what motivates her to get up and get going every day.

86 MILES TO GO BEFORE I SLEEP Russell dedicates life to message of don t text and drive Oklahoma State Trooper Nicholas Dees was killed in the line of duty during a traffic stop by a distracted driver January 31, Since then, his mother, Shelley Russell has made it her life s mission to fight against distracted driving by sharing his story. Nicholas was Shelley s only child. Fighting to save others lives through the legacy of his story is what motivates her to get up and get going every day. Nicholas was killed in less than three and a half seconds all because of one text, Shelley says. Thanks in large part to her efforts, an Oklahoma state law was passed in 2016 that prohibits texting and driving. That is not enough. Distracted driving goes far beyond texting, and Shelley is now fighting for a law against using any handheld phones while driving. Shelley, a longtime Choctaw employee, was able to join in a roundtable discussion in Washington, D.C. in April as a representative of stopdistractions.org, sharing her testimony in front of National Transportation and Safety Board (NTSB) officials. She and other families whose loved ones were killed because of distracted driving hope that telling their stories will help enact stricter laws, including having handheld cell phones banned while driving. Testifying in front of the NTSB opened a door for Shelley to educate a large group of drivers. The President and CEO of USA Truck asked her to present to all his drivers. Their responses spoke of thanks for the great service she was providing by telling her and Nicholas story, turning the tragedy into an opportunity to save lives. In honor of Nicholas, and to draw attention to the dangers of distracted driving, Shelley has begun an annual run held the last Saturday of January. Runners can particpate in a one-mile fun walk, 5K, and a Run the badge 7.31 miles this represents Nicholas badge #731. Funds raised from the run go toward the Trooper Dees Scholarship Fund, which is administered through the Chahta Foundation and provides funds to two students each year. Law Enforcement Officers killed in action are honored each year with a 250- mile bike ride that ends in Washington, D.C. This is the Law Enforcement United Road to Hope. Nicholas name was added to the memorial in 2016 and Shelley was present for that honor. This year, she joined the thousands of cyclists on the 250-mile journey to honor all the officers. The flag she is holding at the end of the ride with her son s picture traveled home with her on American Airlines. I asked the flight attendant if there was anywhere we could put this without breaking it or taking the flag off. She said we could put it in one of the extra-long overhead bins after it was full and she would put it on top of the suitcases. In the meantime, the flag was placed by the pilot s door while the plane was loading. The pilot took the flag and put it in the cockpit with him. He told Shelley, He will have a good view, as he held up the flag. Shelley talked to the pilot after the flight and told him Nicholas story. The pilot said he recognized what the flag was and was not about to let it be put in that bin. Shelley was thankful for the honor to her son. Shelley vows to keep going until her final breath I will not quit. I know Nicholas is with me. 85

CHOCTAW TOURISM Exploring paths back in time, planning for future fun Tourism is the third largest revenue stream in Oklahoma and as such is a vital economic driver for the state of Oklahoma.

87 CHOCTAW TOURISM Exploring paths back in time, planning for future fun Tourism is the third largest revenue stream in Oklahoma and as such is a vital economic driver for the state of Oklahoma. This impact is great and reaches well into southeast Oklahoma. In 2016, Oklahoma tourism contributed over $8.6 billion in non-transportation visitor spending and supported more than 98,300 jobs $800 million of this contribution comes from the 10.5 counties that make up the Choctaw Nation. Choctaw Country, Choctaw Nation s Tourism Department, promotes a variety of attractions and events across Southeast Oklahoma to increase the awareness of the region as a tourism destination boasting history, culture, outdoor adventure and more. The Choctaw Nation Tourism Department focuses on marketing southeast Oklahoma, but the first step was showing our residents what is here. By helping them see what southeast Oklahoma truly offers, we were able to create a pride and awareness on their part and a word-of-mouth marketing team on ours. We are consistently working with the entire state of Oklahoma as we go to tourism events and festivals to showcase our communities, culture and opportunities, said Erin McDaniel, Tourism Director. When people find out there is a place to go scuba diving and white water rafting in Choctaw Country, they are surprised. There is a whole new excitement, a whole new appreciation for what Choctaw Country offers, said Jo McDaniel, Tourism Manager. The state is divided into five countries, and what was once Kiamichi Country is now Choctaw Country, said Erin. We have created a strong evaluation system so we can walk in, determine what site or event needs to provide the best visitor experience, and how we can help through partnering. We have a goal of helping them be sustainable. We want them to own the results as much as we do. By working together, we accomplish more and our tourism partnerships are good for both of us. Oklahoma has 11 ecoregions, each with breathtaking landscapes. Choctaw Country features four of the state s ecoregions. The regions include Crosstimbers, which is the area the western prairie transitions to the low, forested mountains toward the east. The second is HardWood Forest, which is home to sites such as Spiro Mounds, Heavener Runestone Park, Robbers Cave State Park and Eufaula Lake State Park. The third is the Ouachita Mountains region, with the Talimena National Scenic Byway, Beavers Bend State Park, and water ways such as Broken Bow Lake, Little River, Glover River and Kiamichi River. The fourth region, Cypress Swamps and Forests, has opportunity for outdoor sports at Hugo Lake, Raymond Gary State Park and Little River Wildlife Refuge. Favorite visitor locations include historic Choctaw sites such as Fort Towson, Wheelock Academy and the Old Chief s House at Swink. The Choctaw Tourism Department wants to help visitors have the best experience possible. They believe in the importance of storytelling for both the area and our Choctaw heritage. Their current marketing campaign focuses on encouraging storytelling and they are working with the December Pow Wow, now named the Choctaw Country Pow Wow, in Durant to have story boards up to explain the pottery designs, the different regalia, and components of tribal history. Each time a visitor enters Choctaw Country, they work to make sure they have a good time, but also that they learn something new. The Choctaw Welcome Center in Colbert is part of the Tourism Department. Erin said the staff there is excellent and will make you feel right at home. She is very proud that visitors are able to hear the Choctaw language spoken, purchase authentic Choctaw artisan goods and see the culture at the Welcome Center. It is a great place to begin an education on Choctaw! Visitors can also shop the Choctaw Store for branded and artisan items at www. ChoctawStore.com. Made up of unique counties in southeast Oklahoma, Choctaw Country is just a short drive from major metropolitan areas. Whether visitors are looking for an exciting outdoor adventure, a weekend getaway, a family road trip or a peaceful vacation, Choctaw Country is the perfect place to explore. Visit and create your Choctaw Country Experience using Roadtrippers, an online road trip planner. 86

COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Fund Support for Millerton playground, 4C Welding in Hugo The Choctaw Development Fund supports economic viability and sustainability by partnering with Choctaw Small Business

88 COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT Fund Support for Millerton playground, 4C Welding in Hugo The Choctaw Development Fund supports economic viability and sustainability by partnering with Choctaw Small Business owners, cities and municipalities to create long-term growth and job creating within the boundaries of the Choctaw Nation of Oklahoma. The Choctaw Development Fund awarded Millerton $10,500 to help purchase the town s first playground. The town has never had a playground for the area children, and will now be able to build a playground with two slides, a tilted rock challenge wall, a six-foot balance beam, monkey bars and a sliding pole. The community worked for a year to raise money to purchase the equipment. Fundraisers such as a carnival at Halloween, community garage sale and donations helped the town raise a portion of the proceeds. The whole community is thankful to the Choctaw Nation for assisting us with money to improve our park with a place for our kids to play, said Pam Reich, Trustee of the town. Growing up, the nearest playground was in Valliant. I can t wait to see my grandbabies on the slides and balance beam. Earlier this year, the fund also awarded a forgivable loan to 4C Welding and Industrial Center in Hugo so they could expand their services to include drug and alcohol testing. 4C Welding and Industrial Center is a tribally owned business that was opened in 2014 and is accredited by the National Center for Construction Education and Research (NCCER). The facility acts as an assessment site and offers classes requiring different hours of training. They also help students with job placement once they become certified. More information can be obtained on the Choctaw Development Fund or the Forgivable Loan Program by ing choctawdevelopmentfund@choctawnation. com. 87

89 CONSTRUCTION 88

Completed construction since 2016 Choctaw Casino Too remodel and parking expansion Atoka Choctaw Nation Regional Health Clinic Durant Choctaw Travel Plaza & Casino Too Heavener, Hugo Community

90 Completed construction since 2016 Choctaw Casino Too remodel and parking expansion Atoka Choctaw Nation Regional Health Clinic Durant Choctaw Travel Plaza & Casino Too Heavener, Hugo Community Centers Bethel/Battiest, Hugo, Talihina Community Greenhouse Lehigh Data Center Durant Head Starts Atoka, Bethel/Battiest, Wright City Independent Living Community Smithville Public Safety Facility Durant Wellness Center Stigler 28 new sites under construction or in planning stages Choctaw Cultural Center Durant Choctaw Casino Resort expansion Grant Community Centers Broken Bow Community Greenhouse Tuskahoma Country Market Boswell, Coalgate Day Cares Durant, Talihina Food Distribution Poteau Head Starts Antlers, Hugo, Poteau, Talihina Headquarters Durant Independent Living Communities Antlers, Broken Bow, Coalgate Judicial Center Durant LEAP Housing Durant Maintenance Facilities Durant, Broken Bow, McAlester, Tvshka Homma Shopping Center Remodel Idabel Travel Plazas Stigler, Talihina Tribal Services Building McAlester Wellness Center Durant 89

91 WHERE THE MONEY COMES FROM TOTAL: $744,000,000 ANNUAL REVIEW Success in our tribal businesses is ensuring a sustainable future for the Choctaw Nation through economic development that supports tribal services and employment opportunities. WHERE THE MONEY GOES TOTAL: $744,000,000 90

92 Federal Funding $215M Health System Billable Revenue $71M Health System Other Revenue $20M Housing Authority $6M Business and Tribal Revenue $432M Capital Projects Allocation $153M Sustainability Fund $86M Tribal Member Services $505M 91

93 HIGHLIGHTS 92

94 The Choctaw Nation continues to grow its programs and services thanks to the success and diversity of its business strategies. Highlighted below are a few more of the ways the Choctaw Nation is making a difference in the lives of its people today and providing sustainability for the generations to come. In January 2018, the CDIB/Tribal Membership Department will begin issuing the new all in one CDIB/Membership/Photo ID card. Members will now have the convenience of having all three cards in one. The new cards will have more security features to prevent fraud, acknowledge Veteran status of our members and will be Real ID compliant. Your current Membership and CDIB cards will still be valid and it is not a requirement to replace them. Choctaw Veterans Oklahoma License Plates will be available by the first of the year. Since 2014, there has been a 5% increase in the number of Choctaw Tribal Members, a 59% increase in services, and a 53% increase in jobs. During the school year, Choctaw Nation High School Student Services assisted 832 more students than the year before. This included over 1,900 students attending high school within the 10.5 counties and 1,620 students attending high school outside the 10.5 counties. Thanks to the Choctaw Nation High School Student Services program, the number of Choctaw students inducted into the Oklahoma Indian Student Honor Society increased from 193 in to 257 in The Partnership of Summer School Education (POSSE) provided summer learning opportunities at 39 host sites for 3,420 K-3rd grade students from 74 school districts, an increase of 54% over Early Head Start has been certified in crisis intervention, ensuring all children as well as staff are treated with the best professional care, even in crisis. College Freshman Year Initiative had a 90.1% retention rate for freshmen students participating in the program and a 90.3% retention rate for freshman students who attended Camp Chahta. The School of Choctaw Language provided classes in schools, community classes, and internet courses. An average of 100 students per year enrolled in the internet class. Jones Academy Robotics and Botball teams placed in the top 25 out of 75 teams at international competition. Ninety-six percent of the participants in Support for Expectant and Parenting Teens (SEPT) completed their grade level or received a high school diploma, GED, or certification program. Only two participants in the past four years has reported a repeat pregnancy while enrolled with SEPT. The Choctaw Nation Senior Nutrition Program served 61,748 meals for elders age 55 and over in the last year. Choctaw University just concluded its 5th Annual Leadership Symposium on the campus of Southeastern Oklahoma State University, where almost 400 associates gathered to enhance their leadership skills and competencies. 93

A new Creative Curriculum has been implemented in the Head Start classrooms to promote readiness. Chief Batton is pictured above reading to a group of students.

The Choctaw Nation has increased the number of Independent Elder Housing units from 121 to 139 with an additional 30 units to be added in 2018.

They are planning to expand the program in the next year to help working families obtain affordable home ownership opportunities.

95 A new Creative Curriculum has been implemented in the Head Start classrooms to promote readiness. Chief Batton is pictured above reading to a group of students. Health Fairs are held annually in each of the 12 districts. Several member service programs are on hand to share information. The Choctaw Nation has increased the number of Independent Elder Housing units from 121 to 139 with an additional 30 units to be added in The Housing and Construction Management departments are in the beginning stages of developing 10 homes for a new Lease Purchase Program (LEAP) in Bryan County. They are planning to expand the program in the next year to help working families obtain affordable home ownership opportunities. The Storm Shelter program has issued 5,278 vouchers since 2013 to aid in the safety of Choctaw people living in Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, Kansas and Missouri. The age limit for a full grant amount of $2,500 was lowered to 45 and above. Also added to the guidelines was the age of Choctaw homeowners now eligible for a grant of $1,250. Over 2,200 youth attended camps this summer where they honed skills in cultural enrichment, stickball, softball, baseball, basketball, golf and football. There were $1,235,198 reimbursed to tribal members for their Choctaw Nation car tags during the months of January-June During the year of 2016, $2,071,654 were reimbursed to members for their tags. More than 18,200 tribal members with residence in the state of Oklahoma obtained their Choctaw hunting/fishing tags. There are 30 tribal members from out of state who obtained and will get 1/2 reimbursement for the Oklahoma license. The Choctaw Nation Recycling program has diverted over 15 million pounds from the landfill. That is equivalent to about 9,375 full-grown buffalo. Choctaw Travel Plazas started accepting SNAP benefits at the stores. The Choctaw Country Market in Clayton is on pace to finish just under $6 million in revenues. Clayton s success spurred two more Country Market s design and future openings. The Choctaw Country Market was also the only structure up and running with electricity after a tornado hit the area. Our team rushed down in the middle of the night to allow Rescue and Firefighters to set up camp there, and cooked and served them all. Choctaw senior citizens stay fit and have fun with fitness challenges, chair volleyball, and other activities. 94

Executive Session: Brenda Edwards, Caddo Nation

The Journal Record Executive Session: Brenda Edwards, Caddo Nation by M. Scott Carter Published: July 30th, 2010 Brenda Edwards. (Photo courtesy of Oklahoma Today/John Jernigan) BINGER Brenda Edwards understands