Workbook for Coaches. Better Coaches. Better Players. Better Game. Try of the month. Positive Coaching Scotland. Coaches Workbook

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1 Positive Coaching Scotland Try of the month The Bill McLaren Rugby Programme Workbook for Coaches Created in conjunction with Positive Coaching Alliance Coaches Workbook scottishrugby.org/coaching Scottish Better Coaches. Better Players. Better Game 1

2 Bill McLaren One of the greatest ambassadors for Rugby is the late Bill McLaren. Inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame because of his contributions to the rugby world, his life has been dedicated to the game he loved. Due to unfortunate circumstances Bill s playing days were cut short by illness but his career as a PE teacher and his commentating allowed for all to share his love of the game. Bill McLaren s ethos was to adopt key values in all that he did, values like discipline, hard work and fairness ensured that everybody got a chance and the feedback and information they received was always positive and encouraging. You just have to listen to some of his commentary to hear his unbiased approach and to appreciate the unbelievable effort he put into the preparation. These are qualities we would like to see exhibited more in the rugby world and we are committed to bringing Bill McLaren s values and ethos to life. Positive Coaching Scotland - The Bill McLaren Rugby Programme Bill McLaren s values mirrors very closely all the elements of this programme. This is a cultural development model based around coaching and instilling values and ethos to all involved. The PCS programme initially looked at the governance of rugby within clubs or schools and ensures that a structured and positive environment is created in which values can be brought to life. The programme engages leaders, coaches, parents and players to explore the values and ethos of all involved. The programme has now grown to become part of everything we do at Scottish Rugby and our key focus is to develop the environment that creates better coaches, better players and a better game.

3 Introduction The Positive Coaching Scotland (PCS) programme aims to develop players on and off the field by; Developing coaches and teachers to have a mastery approach to coaching. Developing coaches, teachers and parents to create a positive learning environment for players Developing a culture that transcends all elements of rugby. This workbook contains information, tasks and tools to can help you develop as a coach, and ultimately provide your players with the best opportunity to reach their potential. Contents of Workbook; 1. Scottish Rugby Values 4 2. Introduction to mastery coaching 5 3. Coaching Process 8 4. Developing mastery coaching Developing yourself Developing mastery practice Developing growth mindset Creating a positive environment 20 Coaches Workbook scottishrugby.org/coaching Scottish 3

4 1. Scottish Rugby Values Leadership Enjoyment Take ownership and set good examples, lead the way to be a respectful and inclusive rugby community. Achievement Seek fun and satisfaction through everything we do training, playing, coaching, refereeing and organising. Engagement Value and recognise participation and performance over winning at all costs and work hard as a team to achieve your potential. Respect Communicate and collaborate to make Scottish Rugby strong and sustainable promoting the core values of Scottish Rugby at all times. Treat Everyone fairly and equally relationships built on a mutual respect are central to everything we do. To learn more about our values a series of short videos are available from scottishrugby.org 4 Leadership. Enjoyment. Achievement. Engagement. Respect

5 2. Introduction to mastery coaching What is mastery coaching? Mastery coaching is a delivery style that looks at process over outcome. It is designed to put the athlete in control and recognise that sustained effort is a critical factor to success on and off the pitch. Anxiety Self-confidence Scoreboard Culture Results Driven Comparison with others Mistakes unacceptable Mastery Coaching Effort Learning Mistakes happen Self-confidence ATHLETE IS NOT IN CONTROL Anxiety ATHLETE IS IN CONTROL Why use mastery coaching? Focusing on process over outcome gives the player a feeling of control and ownership of their performance. It helps us avoid developing players that apply blame on external factors like opposition, teammates and referees. A player in control of their performances, reactions and preparation will recognise that sustained effort is key. A player in control will also recognise that if a mistake is made or they lose a match then this is a learning opportunity. If players focus on the scoreboard, confidence can be dented resulting in unwanted pressures being applied. In a mastery approach, players will learn that striving to improve is key to becoming a better player. They will also recognise they are on a journey towards mastering their sport through sustained effort. Coaches Workbook scottishrugby.org/coaching Scottish 5

6 Mastery vs scoreboard Mastery culture Effort focus - how hard did I try? Scoreboard culture Results focus - how many points did I score? Learning and continuous improvement is within the player s control. Comparison with other and the scoreboard as arbiter. Mistakes are tolerated as part of the improvement process. Mistakes avoided because it leads to poor results on the scoreboard. Decreased anxiety because in control. Increased anxiety leading to decreased performance. Increased self-esteem and selfconfidence. Decreased self-esteem. Increased resilience - ability to bounce back faster after set back Decreased moral reasoning causing increased temptation to do whatever it takes to influence the scoreboard. Core Principles of mastery EFFORT Hard work is key create an environment where players recognise that continual improvement is important. LEARNING Learning always happens recognise that there are learning opportunities in every experience, harness these lessons. MISTAKES Mistakes are OK we don t want to do what is safe, if we challenge the players and put them out of comfort zone then mistakes are part of the game. 6 Leadership. Enjoyment. Achievement. Engagement. Respect

7 Challenges we face with mastery coaching Focus on winning we all know the players and parents that are over competitive. Training vs competitive matches are we playing too many competitive matches in relation to how much we train? Always loosing players get demotivated and sometimes drop out of the game. Varying levels of ability frustration plays a big part with huge variations in speed of development of players. Labour intensive planning and preparation is key for coaching sessions to ensure the correct messages are used. Gregor Townsend (Glasgow Warriors Head Coach) on Mastery Coaching: The Positive Coaching Scotland principles are not exclusive from winning games. Focusing on effort, focusing on learning, focusing on being confident enough to make mistakes and get better because of it, those are the ways to win games Coaches Workbook scottishrugby.org/coaching Scottish 7

8 3. Coaching process The coaching process identifies methods of how to coach. The opposite of this is the what to coach, which refers to the techniques/tactics/skills that are coached. By following a coaching process we can plan better and implement concepts of mastery coaching. Planning sessions To create a mastery environment, coaches need to plan and prepare. The coach must be able to adapt to ensure there is always the challenge and intensity to allow players to improve. The planning cycle becomes very important; Plan Review Do Planning what are the aims and objectives of the session? What are the key factors within the skill we are coaching? What is important to our players at their current stage and age? Maintain focus throughout the session, recognise and reward effort levels that are applied and keep them high. Observe and analyse the skill levels, but feedback on the key points you highlight. Review sessions by highlighting the key learning points from the session and question players to check they have understood. This allows you to account for continuous development, and recognise when to progress training and intensity. 8 Leadership. Enjoyment. Achievement. Engagement. Respect

9 Delivering sessions Utilise this simple coaching process when delivering sessions (training and games): Instruct and Explain Feedback Demonstration Observe and Analyse Make sure you contextualise the practice or game so players can increase their game sense approach. E.g. where on the field, what situation or scenario based. The observation and analysis of a skill(s) becomes important in mastery coaching. Make sure you can focus on your key points you have set out in the instruction. E.g. observe the final hand position in a pass rather than the flight of the ball or whether it reached the intended target. Remember to reward effort for attempting to execute the skills and practices. E.g. a skill may look unsuccessful but were the players performing this at speed to test themselves, at the edge of their comfort zone? Focus on the process in your feedback rather than the outcome. E.g. feedback should always be good.because comment of the specific process to ensure players recognise their steps to mastering a skill. Coaches Workbook scottishrugby.org/coaching Scottish 9

10 Delivery approach Mastery coaching aims to place players in control, taking them out of their comfort zones - not just in relation to skills but also decision making. This can be achieved by a blend of the following approaches; Coach-centred approach Player-centred approach Requires authority from the coach Invites creativity from the players Tell Sell Ask Delegate Coach makes the decision and tells the players what to do Coach makes the decision and persuades the players that it is the right thing to do Coach outlines the situation and asks questions / invites suggestions on which the decision is then made Coach sets the problem and lets the players decide how to solve the problem Delivering using ask and/or delegate styles (right hand side of the diagram) will help install a mastery culture for the players. A true player-centred approach will allow players to make mistakes and self-correct them (with support from the coach). 10 Leadership. Enjoyment. Achievement. Engagement. Respect

11 Principles of play Coaches can aid players development by linking all sessions and practices to the principles of play;- Contest Possession Pressure Communication Go Forward Continuity Support Try to paint the bigger picture for players when developing skills it will help them understand where and how they are improving. Coaches Workbook scottishrugby.org/coaching Scottish 11

12 4. Developing mastery coaching TASK 1 What pressures do players face on and off the field? Where does the pressure come from? How can coaches or players influence this pressure? TASK 2 Rate the following statements: As a player, winning is the most important thing: Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree As a coach, winning is the most important thing: Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree I would take a win over a good performance: Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree I would prefer a 50 point win over a close game (e.g. 9-6): Strongly Agree Strongly Disagree 12 Leadership. Enjoyment. Achievement. Engagement. Respect

13 Developing Successful Players To develop successful players we must recognise the holistic picture, and develop the four Cs; Competence Confidence Developing successful players Connection Character 1. Competence a positive view of one s action in sport. Learning sport specific skills, competing and performing. 2. Confidence an internal sense of positive self-worth in sport. 3. Connection positive bonds with people and institutions in sport. 4. Character respect for societal rules, integrity and empathy for others. Coaches Workbook scottishrugby.org/coaching Scottish 13

14 5. Developing yourself TASK 3 Using the diagram below plot your coaching knowledge and coaching experience. The further out from the centre you are the higher you rate yourself. Join the plots up and you can get a picture of your strengths and areas for improvement. Coaching Experience Coaching Knowledge Knowledge of the sport Methods of feedback Session planning Observation and analysis Goal setting So what? Add some actions you could take to improve your coaching. 14 Leadership. Enjoyment. Achievement. Engagement. Respect

15 TASK 4 Area for improvement Opportunities How are you developing this area? Sport Specific Knowledge Scottish Rugby CPD, Shadow experience coaches, Web based research Session planning and review Coach mentoring, self reflection, coach meetings Coaching Process skills UKCC level 2, UKCC level 3, Coach mentoring, Self reflection Observation and analysis Use of video, free analysis apps, coach logic Providing feedback Set feedback structures, involve players, verbal, written or visual Specialist skills knowledge World Rugby Strength and Conditioning, World Rugby Sevens Coaching, World Rugby First Aid, Referee course, Further study. Coaches Workbook scottishrugby.org/coaching Scottish 15

16 6. Developing Mastery Practice TASK 5 Why might the following elements be important to mastery practice? Mastery Practice Why do we need it? Having a sound understanding of rugby, including laws and principles Having clear aims and objectives (focus) in our sessions Setting the right intensity during training Accurate observation and analysing the player Providing individual feedback to players 16 Leadership. Enjoyment. Achievement. Engagement. Respect

17 The following tools can be used to develop your mastery coaching practice;- Effort Goals Whole / Part / Whole Rule of 3 Award Process Points Problem Solving Games Effort goals set goals based around the effort applied to achieve the aims of the session, not the outcomes of performance. Whole / part / whole approach give the opportunity for players to contextualise the practice and recognise where mistakes are made, spend some time working on those specifics and put it back together again. Rule of 3 sometimes a mistake can be caused by lack of effort. Give the players the opportunity to sort the problem themselves by encouraging effort. If they make the same mistake three times then they need an intervention. Award process points award points during items other than tries e.g. if the session is on offload can you award successful and attempted off-loads. Problem solving games play games with uneven teams, scenarios, pressure and problems. Get the players used to thinking through pressure situations making decisions and showing confidence. Coaches Workbook scottishrugby.org/coaching Scottish 17

18 7. Developing a growth mindset TASK 6 Answer the following questions with;- A - Strongly agree, B - Agree, C - Disagree, D - Strongly disagree 1 Your intelligence is something very basic about you that you can t change very much. 2 No matter how much intelligence you have, you can always change it quite a bit. 3 You are a certain kind of person, and there is not much that can be done to really change that. 4 You can always substantially change how intelligent you are. 5 Maths is much easier to learn if you are male or maybe come from a culture who values maths. 6 Music talent can be learned by anyone. 7 Only a few people will be truly good at sports you have to be born with it. 8 You can always change basic things about the kind of person you are. 9 I often get angry when I get feedback about my performance. 10 No matter what kind of person you are, you can always change substantially. 11 Trying new things is stressful for me and I avoid it. 12 I appreciate when parents, coaches, teachers give me feedback about my performance. 13 Some people are good and kind, and some are not it s not often that people change. 14 The harder you work at something, the better you will be at it. 15 You can learn new things, but you can t really change how intelligent you are. 16 All human beings without a brain injury or birth defect are capable of the same amount of learning. 17 You can do things differently, but the important parts of who you are can t really be changed. 18 Human beings are basically good, but sometimes make terrible decisions. 19 Truly smart people do not need to try hard. Questions A S 20 An important reason why I do my school work is that I like to learn new things. My total score is: My mindset is: A = Answer S = Score 18 Leadership. Enjoyment. Achievement. Engagement. Respect

19 How different mindsets work after a setback I am going to train harder and put more effort into my technique! What is the point in putting in the effort? One day I will get onto that podium! Resilience Helpless I will never make it to that podium! GROWTH MINDSET FIXED MINDSET Approaches to take when coaching: Learn, Learn Learn Recognise hard work is key Face setbacks Award Process Points Persistence in deliberate practice is key Learn, learn, learn Give your players every opportunity to learn the sport, encourage them to watch games, show them articles and support your practices with materials. Recognise hard work Talented players may find training easier, keep encouraging them to work hard to ensure they are developing too. Face setbacks Make sure practices have challenging enough drills that players can experience mistakes and failures building their resilience. I can t.yet! Ban words like can t from practice, encourage players to recognise they are on a step ladder to success. Persistence in deliberate practice Ensure that the practices have an aim, have persistence in the process and effort applied and the players will eventually achieve the outcome. Coaches Workbook scottishrugby.org/coaching Scottish 19

20 8. Creating a positive environment Codes of conduct Reward Effort Buy-in Value Players Input Positive Coaching Environment Professional Approach Share Responsibility Set Standards TASK 7 Pick four of the themes above and start to create a draft code for your school/club team. Theme What things can you do to promote a positive environment? 20 Leadership. Enjoyment. Achievement. Engagement. Respect

21 Creating a growth environment TASK 8 Have a look at the following steps to fostering a growth environment, how can you apply them to your practice? 1. Know your players find out about their personality and character. Does that affect the way you coach them? Consider the learning styles of your players can you deliver the same information in different ways? Know your players strengths and weaknesses can you utilise this knowledge in your sessions? Player Strength or Weakness 4. Collaborate community how can you get your players to work together to achieve a shared goal? Coaches Workbook scottishrugby.org/coaching Scottish 21

22 5. External influences do you know what is affecting your players and how you can deal with that? External influence Possible Action 6. Assess and evaluate your practices how can you measure what you are doing is effective? Leadership. Enjoyment. Achievement. Engagement. Respect

23 Scoring the quiz: Boxes this colour are scored - A = 0 B = 1 C = 2 D = 3 Total Scores = Strong Growth Mindset = Growth Mindset with some fixed ideas Boxes this colour are scored - A = 3 B = 2 C = 1 D = = Fixed Mindset with some growth ideas 0-20 = Strong fixed mindset Now you have done the workshop identify some concrete actions you can apply to;- Develop your mastery coaching practice Keep your coaching knowledge up to date Create the positive coaching environment Coaches Workbook scottishrugby.org/coaching Scottish 23

24 Notes 24 Leadership. Enjoyment. Achievement. Engagement. Respect

25 Notes Coaches Workbook scottishrugby.org/coaching Scottish 25

26 Notes 26 Leadership. Enjoyment. Achievement. Engagement. Respect

27 Positive Coaching Scotland - Programme Partners Winning Scotland Foundation (WSF) is an independent business-led charity which is working to create a positive winning attitude throughout Scotland. The Foundation s programmes, partnerships, research and development initiatives are making a genuine difference to the lives of young people in Scotland. By creating a positive culture to learn through sport young people can embrace the many benefits of sport and physical activity - including resilience, positivity and team work all covered within the Positive Coaching Scotland workshops. sportscotland is the national agency for sport. They are the lead agency for the development of sport and we have a clear focus on developing and supporting a world class sporting system in Scotland. Positive Coaching Scotland is delivered by sportscotland in partnership with Winning Scotland Foundation and local and national partners. Positive Coaching Alliance (PCA) based in the United States is determined to develop Better Athletes, Better People by working to provide all youth and high school athletes with a positive, character-building youth sports experience. Scottish Rugby would like to acknowledge the previous support of the Bill Mclaren Foundation for its assistance in starting the Rugby Programme. The Bill McLaren Foundation supports 3 main purposes; To develop and promote the sport of rugby union and its values. To encourage and provide sporting opportunities for young people. To create an educative centre which will include the Bill McLaren Archive. Right Time Right Ethos Right Training Coaches Workbook scottishrugby.org/coaching Scottish 27

28 For further information please visit: or contact: Gordon Lyon Scottish Rugby scottishrugby.org 28 Leadership. Enjoyment. Achievement. Engagement. Respect