Grace Cbibiko ooonna, Ph.D. Universily 0/ Nigeria
|
|
- Roy Carter
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 213 Region 11Forum Vol. 1 No.1 J"" EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE: A CHALLENGE TO EDUCATION IN NIGERIA ABSTRACT Grace Cbibiko ooonna, Ph.D. Universily 0/ Nigeria The occurrence of examination malpractices at any level of education in any country poses the greatest threat to the validity and reliability of any examination and consequently to the authenticity of the certificates thereby issued. It is therefore the focus of this paper to discuss the irregular behaviours exhibited by candidates or persons charged with the conduct of examination in or outside the examination hall before, during or after such examination which contravene the regulations governing the administration of the examination. Such irregularities include examination leakage, impersonation, cheating, collusion and swopping of scripts, smuggling of answer scripts into examination balls, and results/certificate forgery. The techniques applied by defaulters are discussed and the implications on the academic and moral standards explained. Based on the issues raised above the "Read ahead" are identified which include: constructing tests to beat examination malpractice, provision of adequate and appropriate examination hall, effective teaching, de-emphasis on certificates, use of matrix sampling. These methods would help to drastically reduce or entirely eradicate examination malpractice, thereby improving the predictive values of examination performances of candidates. The feedback will contribute a great deal to the planning of different curricula in Nigeria. INTRODUCTION Examination is a means of evaluating the achievements of curricula objectives. It is an integral part of teaching-learning process because after teaching, there'is need, to examine the learners to find out how well they have learnt the content. lbeir performance provides a kind of feedback on the teacher's competence, the instructioaal materials and techniques applied by the teachers and also the evaluation procedure. This is why examination is part and parcel of the entire curriculum at different levels of education. That is why Nwana, 1979:2) wrote that "no matter how efficient dieteacher, how intelligent the pupils, how adequate the audio-visual equipment, if no provision is made for some evaluation of progress, the teaching effort may be completely invalidated". There is a "relationship between the objectives, the content add illstructional techniques and evaluation. Teaching and evaluation should be seen as complementary activities for the teacher and the learner. To support this Onotume (1972:1) wrote that"...effective teaching and learning require that the learners should know how he is doing and when he has arrived at the destination of his course". This is achieved through examination. / One may ask whether our educational system can do without examination? AliSubel (1968) provides the answer to this question by pointing out the salutary effects of examination on the learner, teacher and the curriculum. He points out that the f~back; got from examination provides information to both the learner and the teacher,
2 214 Grace Chiblko OJJorma so that they both work towards closing the existing gaps in the teaching learning process. It is also used to diagnose the learners' difficulties and also to predict their future behaviour in a given curriculum. Examination is used to validate existing courses and also to assess attainment for which certificates, diplomas or degrees may be awarded. From the above it is evident that examination is important. Some people believe that examinations have diverted teaching from i~ main objective of inculcating knowledge to the learner because teachers mainly aim at 'presenting candidates who can perform well in their examination by gearing the class work towards the examination syllabus. Iyewanm (1979) and Ufot (1980) agree that the school system is examination conscious. One is tempted to say that we have no educational system but examination system. The focus of this paper is therefore to highlight type8 of examination malpractice and ways of curbing them so as to make the certificates awarded to the learners valid and reliable. Types or Examination Malpractice Before delving into types of examination malpractice, it is important that we explain the term "examination malpractice". Imogie (1972:2) simply defines it as "any wrong doing before, during or after any examination". Such a wrong doing may be engaged in by the students, or candidates, invigilators, examiners, supervisors, printers or any person who is directly or indirectly involved in such an examination. It can be said to be an improper practice in any examination the purpose of which is to obtain good result through fraudulent practice. From the West African Examination Council's perspective, it can be seen as any irregular behaviour exhibited by the examinees or any person in charge of the administration of the examination in or outside the examination hall, before, during or after such examination. Such behaviour must be such as to contravene the roles and regulations governing the conduct ofsuch examination (Oluyeba and Daramola, 1972). The West African Examinations Council categorises examination malpractice into two major classes: leakages and irregularities. Leakages occur when the examinees have fore-knowledge of the examination items before the actual examination date or before it begins. This could be caused deliberately or un-intentionally through carelessness or neglect. Irregularities are the various techniques used by candidates to default during the examinations. There are various types of irregularities. 1. Impersonation This occurs when someone gets another person to write the examination for him. It is commonly practised when external candidates whose identities are not easily ascertained, are enroued to write the examination with the regular (internal) students. 2. Bringing the extraneou materials into the examination hall This method is practised by both boys and girls. For the girls, they apply the "sanitary pad" method. Whereby they hide pre-notes on suspected questions in their sanitary pad and wear it to the examination hall. When they are not being observed, they bring them out and copy. Some write the notes on their laps especially formulae and copy them when the invigilator is inattentive. In institutions of higher learning, they are termed "body writing" or "tattoo-. Some candidates construct false pockets under their lockers used as examination tables and stock these pockets with notes they feel will be
3 Examination Malpraeti06 of use to them during the examination. Some boys bide prepared notes under their socks and they take them out when the examination is in progress. Yet others use "bullets" or "Missiles". These are small pieces of paper on which notes are nlide or major ideas on topics are summarised. When the candidates are not discovered during the examination and the mission is accomplished" it means that the bullet/missile has achieved its target. The defaulters when caught can chew and swallow the paper and the examiner has no evidence if he makes a case. In institutions of higher learning, these pieces of paper are called micro-chips. They are normally bidden in mathematical sets, calculation, purses, bras, shirt collars and so on. 3. Irregular activities inside and outside the examinatioa WI One way the candidates commit this in the examination ball is what they call the "Stampede" Method. Here the candidates get outsiders to solve problems for..., especially in Mathematics. If they find it difficult to receive the materials ftomdjiircollaborators, one student can shout "Snake!" and all the candidates would try to stampede out of the hall. In the confusion their accomplices would smuggle the worked papers into the examination hall. Another way is where the candidates fold their question papers and throw them out through the window where little boys are waiting to collect the question papers and send to the "local syndicates". The syndicates work the problems in groups with the aid of the textbooks. Sometimes they are assisted by some unscrupulous teachers. The errand boys then tie the worked papers to the strings already. tied to the windows where the candidates are sitting and the candidates pull the strings into the room and copy the answers therein. When they can not send in the work papers by using strings, they resort to dictating the answers from outside the examination hall by calling the items numbers and the letters corresponding to the correct options. This is in the case of objective tests. "Giraffing" is another method applied even in the primary school. The students strain their necks to see and copy the materials written by their neighbours in the examination hall. The student being copied may not even know especially if the student is an intelligent one and concentrates on what he is doing. 4. Collusion in the examination hall or discovered in the scripts This type is called "ECOWAS". A group of friends can arrange for a suitable system of passing information in the examination hall. The students may exchange question papers on which points are summarised. They can also whispea' the correct answers to their friends while being on the look out for invigilators. Tbere is also a relationship between a "provider" - an intelligent student and a subscriber a below average student where they sit close together and the subscriber copies whatever the provider writes. The subscriber pays either in cash or in kind after the examination.. S. Mass cheating involving assistance from teachers and outsiders Some supervisors are bribed with money collected by candidates before the examination; such supervisors pretend that they do not see whatever malpractices that go (jft in the hall. Again some supervisors on receiving the question papers from the custodians carefully open the packet and remove a question paper which is photocopied and circulated by a pre-arranged means. With the question paper in hand "contractors" are.arranged to provide the solutions. These contractors can be the subject teachers or undergraduates. The solutions are then smuggled into the examination hall. Some 215
4 Grace Chibiko Offorma 216 times, the invigilators help to smuggle the question paper out and hand in the solutions to the candidates as planned. 6. Insult!Assault on Supervisorsllnvigilators There have been cases where hired touts snatched question papers from unsuspecting supervisors in the examination hall and made away with them to solve the problems for distribution. Sometimes a free-for-all-fight ensues in the examination hall and the candidates brandish dangerous weapons such as daggers, guns and actually use them, as a result of disagreements over the circulation of the solution smuggled into the Hall. Severe injuries are inflicted on supervisors who insist that the candidates must observe the rules and regulations of the examination. Data collected from the West African Examinations Council from for G.C.E. OIL and for Senior School Certificate Examination (SSCE) show the trend or the frequency of occurrence of these six major classes of examination malpractices as shown in the Tables below 1 and 2. Table 1 Freguency of Occurrence of Examination Malpractice (G.C.E.) Year Total Entry Total No % No % No % No % No % No %
5 217 F.xtInUnaIion Malpractice Table 2 Frequency of Occurrenc:e of Examination Malpractice (S,S,c.) Year Total Entry Tota I No % No % No % From the Tables 1 and 2 it can be seen that the frequency of occurrence of the different types of examination malpractice fluctuate but the total occurrence shows an increase from 1987 for G.C.E. OIL. For the S.S.C.E. the occurrence is high and highest in Mass cheating involving assistance of teachers and outsiders ranks highest in the frequency of occurrence for both examinations. It can also be observed generally speaking that the greater the enrolment, the higher the rate of malpractice. This can be attributed to over population of schools. From the discussions above we can see that those involved in examination misconduct include students, supervisors, teachers. principals, custodians of question papers and so on. The students indulge in it in an effort to perform well in the examination especially when they are not well prepared for it. The teachers, especially the subject teachers engage in it so as to cover their negligence of duty. If they have taught the students well. they will be confident that they will perform well and will not bother helping them out during the examination in an illegal manner. The principals who involve themselves in the practice are those who want to pretend that their schools are doing well academically. They want to show that they and their teachers are working very hard. They do not want to have poor results. The custodians of question papers in a bid to get rich quick, perpetuate examination malpractice by selling the question papers to the candidates before the date of the examination. The supervisors do this shoddy business in order to make money too. Parents who are anxious about their children's performance in the examination support them by providing the money for the purchase of the examination question paper or money to be paid to the supervisors who connive with them to cheat in the examination. bnplication of Examination Malpractice on Academic and Moral State. A lot of fund is spent by examining bodies to stem the tides of examination malpractices in Nigeria. This makes the conduct of examinations to be very expensive. With the increase in the examination malpractice people are worried about the validity and reliability of the examinations and the authenticity of the results obtained in these examinations. With rampant examination malpractice the integrity of the certificate obtained is questionable. We have observed that some candidates who performed well
6 218 Grace Chibiko Offorma in G.C.E. OIL euminations cannot pass JAMB examinations; and those who scored highly in JAMB examinations cannot benefit as expected in University education. Oluyeba and Daramola (1992:9) wrote that "apart from distorting effects these malpractices can have on the psychometric properties ofour tests, we are more worried about their negative need impact on our youths. Most of the candidates now believe that it is difficult to pass any examination without cheating. This is a negative habit which hampers the development of good study habits. Again the youths are learning different methods of cheating, telling lies, giving bribe so as to be allowoll to cheat. All these are very poor morals which should not be encouraged in a COUDIIy that wants to acquire science and technological skills. We all know that to achieve these skills, honesty, hardworlc and dedication are required. The Road Ahead: The coosequeoces of examination malpractice is grave and certain steps have to be takeoto curb the malaise. Some of the means already undertaken to check or stop examination malpractice are: handing over offenders to law enforcement agents for prosecution, canceuation oferring candidates' results, derecognising schools where mass "cheating is detected, reporting erring examiners and supervisors to their employers for disciplinary actions, evolving strict security measures from the on-set to development of the examination items till administration of the examination and so on. Yet most candidates have defied these measures and invented more sophisticated ways of cheating in the examinations. There are some other more effective, concrete, technical measures which when employed will help solve the problem. 1. Instruction is the process of manipulating the learning environment so as to achieve curriculum objectives. According to lmogie (1988:44), "instruction is a process whereby the environment of an individual is deliberately managed to enable himlher to learn to emit or engage in specified behaviours under specified conditions or as responses to specified situations..it is likened to a washing machine whose input (dirty clothes represent in-experienced students and the transformation in machine takes place through the use of detergent and water which represent instructional techniques, facilities, classroom environment and other means that facilitate learning. The output (Clean clothes) represents the transformed students. Their behaviours are changed. Fig. 1: Input-Transfonnation-output Instructional Model Input Instructional Techniques; Output Facilities, Transformed Inexperienced Classroom students students environment etc.
7 219 EzDmi1lQlion Malpractice 1. Figure 1 shows that for the students c:iuiaf of bellaviour to ~ there must be objectivity andsetjoiisness id die eatire instjuctioaalprocell-wbich naturally involves examinatioo. Teachers must have to teach well. n.y require instructional ma1erials. funds. and a conducive leaming atmolljllmn must be provided for students to leam. When they are confident in themselves because they have learnt. then they will not cheat in the examination. Those given responsibility for the administration of schools (school board. school supervisors. teachers) should be answerable for the effective learning.-i development of the students. When all hands are on deck. the student will not entertain any fear of failure and thus will not start thinking of any dubious means of performing well in the examination. 2. It has been observed that candidates have more opportunity to cheat when the examination is based on objective or multiple choice items. To beat examination malpractice in objective testing. Ohuche and Offorma (1992) have suggested the use of equivalent forms. This implies setting different sets of objective tests (about five sets) but the items will be similar but in a shuffled manner. It will be administered in such a way that candidates sitting together will have different forms of the same test. The issue of giraffing. smuggling the question paper out of the hall, dictating the right options from outside the hall and so on will be solved because the candidates will not be sure of which set to be administered to them. 3. A mixture of different types of objective test is also recommended. A paper can be made up of items comprising of short responses: "true. false or alternative items, multiple choice items. and matching items. If the tests items are varied some of the tricks applied by the candidateswill not work. 4. Another method of curbing examination malpractice is the use of multiple matrix sampling (Badmus, 1992). He explained that this appro8dl involves a simultaneous. random sampling of both students and items. ODe matrix sample is a sample of students taking a sample of items. It is bejiewld that each instructional programme has an item universe (a large collectioo of test items involving cognition abilities). Then an item domain is a clearly definable _ enumerable subuniverse of items extracted through expert selectioa. from die larger item universe. In constructing item domain the first step is to examine and develop the objectives of the programme. Then a given number of items is constructed for each objective. Examining bodies are therefore advised to invite experts to help in constructing test items using multiple matrix sampling. It should be noted that these techniques require a lot of fudds. This should not be regarded as a disadvantage because it is better to spend more to maintain the validity and reliability of these examinations and the authenticity of the certificates awarded to candidates. 5. The Nigerian government and the entire Nigerian society should de-emphasize examinations and certificates. The value placed on certificates as key to further education and employment acts as a major factor in promoting examination malpractice. They react to societal requirements and expectations. they employ
8 220 Graa Chibiko Olforma every possible method to perform well in the examination. 6. There is information explosion due to research findings in various disciplines. Thus there is the problem of information overload in our curriculum. There is therefore the need for curriculum experts indifferent disciplines to come together to sift only the most important and relevant materials. The curriculum should also be related to the learners' environment so as to enhance learning through their life experiences. 7. Finally proper guiding and counselling of students will help to curb exammanon misconduct. Every institution should have a guidance and counselling unit whose duty will be to identify students' areas of interest and guide them to stick to these areas. Parents should not tell their children which courses to offer because they want them to get into a particular profession. They should rather correlate their interests and aptitude so as to know to which direction they can comfortably go. Once the students' are confident, they will not entertain any fear and thus they will confidently write their examinations. CONCLUSION Examination malpractice is a very serious malaise in our educational system. This makes the authenticity of certificates awarded to candidates to be doubted. Some candidates cannot even defend their certificates. Candidates invent new methods of cheating in examinations as have been discussed in this paper. The suggestions presented in this paper should be tried out irrespective of the amount of energy, time and fund to be expended on those measures so as to make our education worthwhile. REFERENCES Ausubel, D. (1968): Educational Psychology: A Cognitive View, U.S.A; Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Badmus, G.A. (1992): "Setting of Objective Questions to Beat Examination Malpractice". Paper Presented at the National Workshop on Examination Malpractice organised by the Faculty of Education, University of Benin. Imogie, Inanoya (1988): "Principles of Instructional Systems Design" In Agun I. and Imogie I. (eds.), Fundamentals of Educational Technology: Ibadan, Y Books Associated, Book Makers (Nig.) Ltd. Imogie, Inanoya (1992): "Implications of Examination Malpractice for Instructional Accountability in Nigerian Secondary Schools", Paper Presented at the National Workshop on Examination Malpractice Organised by the Faculty of Education, University of Benin. Iyewarun, S.a. (1979): "Traditional Examination System in Nigeria: The Need for its Revision". Journal of the Science Teacher's Association of Nigeria. 17(3) August. pp
9 221 Examination Malpractice Nwana, O.C. (1979): Ed14caIional Measurement/or Teachers, Lagos: Thomas Nelson (Nig.) Ltd. Ohuche, R.O. and Offorma, G.C. (1992): "Constructing Objective Test to Beat Examination Malpractice". A Commissioned Paper Presented at the National Workshop on Examination Malpractice Organised by the Faculty of Education, University of Benin. Oluyeba, N.F. and Daramola, S.O. (1992): "Incidences and Detection of Examination Malpractices in Nigeria Public Examinations". Paper Presented at the National Workshop on Examination Malpractice Organised by the Faculty ofeducation, University of Benin. Onotume, O.S. (1992): "Crisis of Examination Misconduct in Nigeria's Secondary and Tertiary Institutions: Typologies, Techniques and Students' Collaborators". Paper Presented at the National Workshop on Examination Malpractice, Organised by the Faculty of Education, University of Benin. Ufot, a.a. (1980): "The Conduct and Place ofexaminations in NigerlaD Schools-, 7Jw Nigerian Principal; Journal ofancopss; pp
Assessing the Impact of Examination Malpractices on the Measurement of Ability in Nigeria
International J. Soc. Sci. & Education 2012 Vol. 2 Issue 4, ISSN: 2223-4934 E and 2227-393X Print Assessing the Impact of Examination Malpractices on the Measurement of Ability in Nigeria By Emaikwu, Sunday
More informationPREDISPOSING FACTORS TOWARDS EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE AMONG STUDENTS IN LAGOS UNIVERSITIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR COUNSELLING
PREDISPOSING FACTORS TOWARDS EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE AMONG STUDENTS IN LAGOS UNIVERSITIES: IMPLICATIONS FOR COUNSELLING BADEJO, A. O. PhD Department of Educational Foundations and Counselling Psychology,
More informationAbstract. Introduction
CURTAILING MALPRACTICE IN PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS: A HIGHER CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT SCORE OPTION By Dr. B. J. Ogunkola, Institute of Education, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria. Abstract This
More informationThe Challenges of Examination Management in the Developing Societies: The Nigerian Scenario
The Challenges of Examination Management in the Developing Societies: The Nigerian Scenario S. V. Kobiowu and Alao, F. E-MAIL: kobiowuvs@yahoo.com Department Of Educational Foundations And Counselling,
More informationTHE INFLUENCE OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE ON THE MEASUREMENT OF STUDENTS' ABILITY IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES
THE INFLUENCE OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE ON THE MEASUREMENT OF STUDENTS' ABILITY IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITIES Emaikwu, S. O. Department of Educational Foundations and General Studies College of Agricultural
More informationAbstract. Introduction
AGENTS OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE IN NIGERIAN PUBLIC EXAMINATIONS: THE STRONGEST LINKS By Prof. (Mrs.) N.Y.S. Ijaiya, Department of Educational Management, University of Ilorin, Nigeria. Abstract Accusing
More informationInternational Baccalaureate Diploma Programme
International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme Roots Millennium Schools Academic Honesty Policy Rationale Roots Millennium Schools maintains academic honesty at the very core of teaching and learning. All
More informationExamination Malpractice: Causes, Effects and Possible Ways of Curbing the Menace. A Study of Cross River University of Technology
International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research (IJMSR) Volume 4, Issue 1, January 2016, PP 59-65 ISSN 2349-0330 (Print) & ISSN 2349-0349 (Online) www.arcjournals.org Examination Malpractice:
More informationESTABLISHING NEW ASSESSMENT STANDARDS IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRICULUM CHANGE
ESTABLISHING NEW ASSESSMENT STANDARDS IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRICULUM CHANGE Paper Presented at the 32 nd Annual Conference of the International Association for Educational Assessment (IAEA) held at the Grand
More information18 Special (Miracle) Centres: Blessing or Curse to Secondary School External Examinations in Nigeria?
18 Special (Miracle) Centres: Blessing or Curse to Secondary School External Examinations in Nigeria? By IGWE O. IGWE Department of Educational Foundations, Federal College of Education (Technical), Asaba-Delta
More informationEXAMINATION MALPRACTICES AND NATIONAL INSECURITY
EXAMINATION MALPRACTICES AND NATIONAL INSECURITY By Gilbert Olatunji Obajemu, Ph.D. Kogi State College of Education (Technical), Kabba, Kogi State. and Sunday Oni Owojaiye, Ph.D. Kogi State College of
More informationEXAMINATIONS POLICY 2016/2017
EXAMINATIONS POLICY 2016/2017 Contents Exam responsibilities. Qualifications offered. Exam series. Exam timetables. Entries, entry details and late entries. Exam fees. Equality Legislation. Access arrangements.
More informationThe Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document.
Title Mathematical problem solving in Singapore schools Author(s) Berinderjeet Kaur Source Teaching and Learning, 19(1), 67-78 Published by Institute of Education (Singapore) This document may be used
More informationLismore Comprehensive School
Lismore Comprehensive School Caring and Learning Together Examinations Policy Policy for External Examinations As a school we in Lismore want our pupils to leave with relevant qualifications in preparation
More informationExclusions Policy. Policy reviewed: May 2016 Policy review date: May OAT Model Policy
Exclusions Policy Policy reviewed: May 2016 Policy review date: May 2018 OAT Model Policy 1 Contents Action to be invoked by Senior Staff in Serious Disciplinary Matters 1. When a serious incident occurs,
More informationAnglia Ruskin University Assessment Offences
Introduction Anglia Ruskin University Assessment Offences 1. As an academic community, London School of Marketing recognises that the principles of truth, honesty and mutual respect are central to the
More informationProviding Feedback to Learners. A useful aide memoire for mentors
Providing Feedback to Learners A useful aide memoire for mentors January 2013 Acknowledgments Our thanks go to academic and clinical colleagues who have helped to critique and add to this document and
More informationPSYC 620, Section 001: Traineeship in School Psychology Fall 2016
PSYC 620, Section 001: Traineeship in School Psychology Fall 2016 Instructor: Gary Alderman Office Location: Kinard 110B Office Hours: Mon: 11:45-3:30; Tues: 10:30-12:30 Email: aldermang@winthrop.edu Phone:
More informationClatsop Community College
Clatsop Community College Code: 6.210 Adopted: 6/30/97* Revised: 7/25/02 *as part of 6.210P STUDENT CODE OF CONDUCT A *student enrolling in the College assumes the responsibility to conduct himself/herself
More informationEffect of Cognitive Apprenticeship Instructional Method on Auto-Mechanics Students
Effect of Cognitive Apprenticeship Instructional Method on Auto-Mechanics Students Abubakar Mohammed Idris Department of Industrial and Technology Education School of Science and Science Education, Federal
More informationACADEMIC POLICIES AND PROCEDURES
ACADEMIC INTEGRITY OF STUDENTS Academic integrity is the foundation of the University of South Florida s commitment to the academic honesty and personal integrity of its University community. Academic
More informationBritish International School Istanbul Academic Honesty Policy
British International School Istanbul Academic Honesty Policy BISI is committed to academic honesty and will ensure that all students in the IB Diploma, IGCSE and KS3 programmes are aware of what this
More informationOffice Hours: Day Time Location TR 12:00pm - 2:00pm Main Campus Carl DeSantis Building 5136
FIN 3110 - Financial Management I. Course Information Course: FIN 3110 - Financial Management Semester Credit Hours: 3.0 Course CRN and Section: 20812 - NW1 Semester and Year: Fall 2017 Course Start and
More informationSyllabus: INF382D Introduction to Information Resources & Services Spring 2013
Syllabus: INF382D Introduction to Information Resources & Services Spring 2013 This syllabus is subject to change based on the needs and desires of both the instructor and the class as a whole. Any changes
More informationREGULATIONS RELATING TO ADMISSION, STUDIES AND EXAMINATION AT THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOUTHEAST NORWAY
REGULATIONS RELATING TO ADMISSION, STUDIES AND EXAMINATION AT THE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF SOUTHEAST NORWAY Authorisation: Passed by the Joint Board at the University College of Southeast Norway on 18 December
More informationWOODBRIDGE HIGH SCHOOL
WOODBRIDGE HIGH SCHOOL EXAM POLICY 2017-2018 The 11-19 Exam Policy The purpose of this exam policy is: to ensure the planning and management of exams is conducted efficiently and in the best interest of
More informationTOPIC VN7 PAINTING AND DECORATING
TOPIC VN7 PAINTING AND DECORATING THEME: EDUCATION & TRAINING LEVELS 1 & 2 ISSUED 2013 L E V E L 2 ESSENTIAL SKILLS INSTRUCTIONS WHAT DO I DO? L Theme E V E Template L 2 Use this to help you: plan an Action-based
More informationUNDERSTANDING DECISION-MAKING IN RUGBY By. Dave Hadfield Sport Psychologist & Coaching Consultant Wellington and Hurricanes Rugby.
UNDERSTANDING DECISION-MAKING IN RUGBY By Dave Hadfield Sport Psychologist & Coaching Consultant Wellington and Hurricanes Rugby. Dave Hadfield is one of New Zealand s best known and most experienced sports
More informationAdministrative Services Manager Information Guide
Administrative Services Manager Information Guide What to Expect on the Structured Interview July 2017 Jefferson County Commission Human Resources Department Recruitment and Selection Division Table of
More informationFunctional Skills. Maths. OCR Report to Centres Level 1 Maths Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations
Functional Skills Maths Level 1 Maths - 09865 OCR Report to Centres 2013-2014 Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations OCR (Oxford Cambridge and RSA) is a leading UK awarding body, providing a wide range
More informationSALAMAH COLLEGE A PARENTS GUIDE TO SCHOOL UNIFORM
SALAMAH COLLEGE A PARENTS GUIDE TO SCHOOL UNIFORM Introduction: At Salamah College our uniform is a sign of our community. It reflects the School Vision Statement and goals. All families sign as part of
More informationROC Mondriaan Student Charter
ROC Mondriaan Student Charter Adopted by the Executive Board: 24 June 2013 Approved by the Student Council: 17 June 2013 Effective date: 1 August 2013 Studentenstatuut van ROC Mondriaan pagina 1 CONTENT
More informationEFFECTIVE CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT UNDER COMPETENCE BASED EDUCATION SCHEME
EFFECTIVE CLASSROOM MANAGEMENT UNDER COMPETENCE BASED EDUCATION SCHEME By C.S. MSIRIKALE NBAA: Classroom Management Techniques Contents Introduction Meaning of Classroom Management Teaching methods under
More informationFUNDING GUIDELINES APPLICATION FORM BANKSETA Doctoral & Post-Doctoral Research Funding
FUNDING GUIDELINES Doctoral & Post-Doctoral Research Funding Project: Phd and Post-Doctoral Grant Funding Funding Opens on: 18 April 2016 Funding Window Closes on: 16 May 2016 FUNDING GUIDELINES APPLICATION
More informationCONSTRUCTION OF AN ACHIEVEMENT TEST Introduction One of the important duties of a teacher is to observe the student in the classroom, laboratory and
CONSTRUCTION OF AN ACHIEVEMENT TEST Introduction One of the important duties of a teacher is to observe the student in the classroom, laboratory and in other settings. He may also make use of tests in
More informationREFERENCE GUIDE AND TEST PRODUCED BY VIDEO COMMUNICATIONS
INTERVENTION STRATEGIES FOR SCHOOL BUS DRIVERS REFERENCE GUIDE AND TEST PRODUCED BY VIDEO COMMUNICATIONS INTRODUCTION Special ed students, as well as regular ed students often exhibit inappropriate behavior.
More informationRelationship between Parental Motivation, Self-efficacy and Examination Dishonesty among Secondary School Students in Delta State
International Journal of Psychological Studies; Vol. 4, No. 4; 2012 ISSN 1918-7211 E-ISSN 1918-722X Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Relationship between Parental Motivation, Self-efficacy
More informationSpecial Educational Needs & Disabilities (SEND) Policy
Thamesmead School Special Educational Needs & Disabilities (SEND) Policy 2016-2017 Person Responsible Governors Committee Review Period P.Rodin Standards & Performance Annually Date of Review July 2016
More informationParent Information Booklet P.5.
Parent Information Booklet P.5. BALLYCLARE PRIMARY SCHOOL WELCOME TO P5 This year the Primary 5 classes continue working on the Northern Ireland Curriculum. One of the aims is to encourage the children
More informationA Pilot Study on Pearson s Interactive Science 2011 Program
Final Report A Pilot Study on Pearson s Interactive Science 2011 Program Prepared by: Danielle DuBose, Research Associate Miriam Resendez, Senior Researcher Dr. Mariam Azin, President Submitted on August
More informationDISCIPLINARY PROCEDURES
DISCIPLINARY PROCEDURES Student Misconduct & Professional Conduct Policy and Procedures The School s disciplinary procedures are currently under review and we are in the process of consulting with staff
More informationAbout this unit. Lesson one
Unit 30 Abuja Carnival About this unit This unit revises language and phonics done throughout the year. The theme of the unit is Abuja carnival. Pupils describe a happy carnival picture and read a story
More informationIdsall External Examinations Policy
Idsall External Examinations Policy Sponsorship & Review 1 Sponsor Mr D Crichton, Deputy Headteacher 2 Written and Approved October 2014 3 Next Review Date October 2016 This policy should be read in conjunction
More informationEnglish Language Arts Summative Assessment
English Language Arts Summative Assessment 2016 Paper-Pencil Test Audio CDs are not available for the administration of the English Language Arts Session 2. The ELA Test Administration Listening Transcript
More informationPELLISSIPPI STATE TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE MASTER SYLLABUS APPLIED MECHANICS MET 2025
PELLISSIPPI STATE TECHNICAL COMMUNITY COLLEGE MASTER SYLLABUS APPLIED MECHANICS MET 2025 Class Hours: 3.0 Credit Hours: 4.0 Laboratory Hours: 3.0 Revised: Fall 06 Catalog Course Description: A study of
More informationASSESSMENT REPORT FOR GENERAL EDUCATION CATEGORY 1C: WRITING INTENSIVE
ASSESSMENT REPORT FOR GENERAL EDUCATION CATEGORY 1C: WRITING INTENSIVE March 28, 2002 Prepared by the Writing Intensive General Education Category Course Instructor Group Table of Contents Section Page
More informationSt Philip Howard Catholic School
School report St Philip Howard Catholic School St Mary's Road, Glossop, SK13 8DR Inspection dates 4 November 1 December 2014 Overall effectiveness Previous inspection: Requires improvement 3 This inspection:
More informationBeginning and Intermediate Algebra, by Elayn Martin-Gay, Second Custom Edition for Los Angeles Mission College. ISBN 13:
Course: Math 125,, Section: 25065 Time: T Th: 7:00 pm - 9:30 pm Room: CMS 022 Textbook: Beginning and, by Elayn Martin-Gay, Second Custom Edition for Los Angeles Mission College. ISBN 13: 978-1-323-45049-9
More informationDyslexia and Dyscalculia Screeners Digital. Guidance and Information for Teachers
Dyslexia and Dyscalculia Screeners Digital Guidance and Information for Teachers Digital Tests from GL Assessment For fully comprehensive information about using digital tests from GL Assessment, please
More informationSoftware Maintenance
1 What is Software Maintenance? Software Maintenance is a very broad activity that includes error corrections, enhancements of capabilities, deletion of obsolete capabilities, and optimization. 2 Categories
More informationCONSULTATION ON THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMPETENCY STANDARD FOR LICENSED IMMIGRATION ADVISERS
CONSULTATION ON THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE COMPETENCY STANDARD FOR LICENSED IMMIGRATION ADVISERS Introduction Background 1. The Immigration Advisers Licensing Act 2007 (the Act) requires anyone giving advice
More informationFOR TEACHERS ONLY RATING GUIDE BOOKLET 1 OBJECTIVE AND CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE JUNE 1 2, 2005
FOR TEACHERS ONLY THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK GRADE 8 INTERMEDIATE-LEVEL TEST SOCIAL STUDIES RATING GUIDE BOOKLET 1 OBJECTIVE AND CONSTRUCTED RESPONSE JUNE 1 2, 2005 Updated information regarding
More informationHoly Family Catholic Primary School SPELLING POLICY
Holy Family Catholic Primary School SPELLING POLICY 1. The aim of the spelling policy at Holy Family Catholic Primary School is to ensure that the children are encouraged to develop spelling accuracy in
More informationCOMMON FACULTY POLICY AND PROCEDURES ON PLAGIARISM
RHODES UNIVERSITY COMMON FACULTY POLICY AND PROCEDURES ON PLAGIARISM 1. POLICY PARTICULARS DATE OF APPROVAL BY RELEVANT COMMITTEE STRUCTURE: May 2008 DATE OF APPROVAL BY SENATE: May 2008 DATE OF APPROVAL
More informationSyllabus Fall 2014 Earth Science 130: Introduction to Oceanography
Syllabus Fall 2014 Earth Science 130: Introduction to Oceanography Background Information Welcome Aboard! These guidelines establish specific requirements, grading criteria, descriptions of assignments
More informationPhase 3 Standard Policies and Procedures
Phase 3 Standard Policies and Procedures 2015 2016 The third year of the curriculum is one of the most exciting years of your medical education because it is the first real opportunity for you to be directly
More informationMURRAY STATE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT: NUTRITION, DIETETICS, AND FOOD MANAGEMENT COURSE PREFIX: NTN COURSE NUMBER: 230 CREDIT HOURS: 3
MURRAY STATE UNIVERSITY DEPARTMENT: NUTRITION, DIETETICS, AND FOOD MANAGEMENT COURSE PREFIX: NTN COURSE NUMBER: 230 CREDIT HOURS: 3 I. TITLE: Nutrition II. III. COURSE DESCRIPTION AND PREREQUISITE(S):
More informationOffice Hours: Mon & Fri 10:00-12:00. Course Description
1 State University of New York at Buffalo INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS PSC 408 4 credits (3 credits lecture, 1 credit lab) Fall 2016 M/W/F 1:00-1:50 O Brian 112 Lecture Dr. Michelle Benson mbenson2@buffalo.edu
More informationSTUDENT SUSPENSION 8704
STUDENT SUSPENSION 8704 The Board of Trustees offers a program of education to prepare youth for citizenship and to create an awareness of the individual's responsibility for his/her own actions in accordance
More informationA Review of the MDE Policy for the Emergency Use of Seclusion and Restraint:
A Review of the MDE Policy for the Emergency Use of Seclusion and Restraint: November 9th, 2017 Paul Deschamps, Ph.D., N.C.S.P. Behavior Specialist Andy Holmberg, Ph.D., Behavior Specialist Purpose The
More informationWestern Colorado Peace Officers Academy
Western Colorado Peace Officers Academy Refresher Academy Application Packet 2508 Blichmann Avenue Grand Junction, CO 81505 (970) 255-2821 Rev. 12/15/2010 Application Packet Classification Before selecting
More informationDiscrimination Complaints/Sexual Harassment
Discrimination Complaints/Sexual Harassment Original Implementation: September 1990/February 2, 1982 Last Revision: July 17, 2012 General Policy Guidelines 1. Purpose: To provide an educational and working
More informationHEAD OF GIRLS BOARDING
HEAD OF GIRLS BOARDING Information for candidates Required for January 2018 The closing date for applications is Wednesday 5 th July 2017. Interviews will take place from Monday 10 th July 2017. THE SCHOOL
More informationDemand and Supply of Qualified Teaching Manpower in Secondary Schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria
Current Research Journal of Social Sciences 3(4): 284-292, 2011 ISSN: 2041-3246 Maxwell Scientific Organization, 2011 Received: August 05, 2009 Accepted: September 09, 2009 Published: July 30, 2011 Demand
More informationInoffical translation 1
Inoffical translation 1 Doctoral degree regulations (Doctor of Natural Sciences / Dr. rer. nat.) of the University of Bremen Faculty 2 (Biology/Chemistry) 1 Dated 8 July 2015 2 On 28 July 2015, the Rector
More informationCS 100: Principles of Computing
CS 100: Principles of Computing Kevin Molloy August 29, 2017 1 Basic Course Information 1.1 Prerequisites: None 1.2 General Education Fulfills Mason Core requirement in Information Technology (ALL). 1.3
More informationCurriculum for the Academy Profession Degree Programme in Energy Technology
Curriculum for the Academy Profession Degree Programme in Energy Technology Version: 2016 Curriculum for the Academy Profession Degree Programme in Energy Technology 2016 Addresses of the institutions
More informationDeveloping Grammar in Context
Developing Grammar in Context intermediate with answers Mark Nettle and Diana Hopkins PUBLISHED BY THE PRESS SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge, United
More informationStimulating Techniques in Micro Teaching. Puan Ng Swee Teng Ketua Program Kursus Lanjutan U48 Kolej Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu, SAS, Ulu Kinta
Stimulating Techniques in Micro Teaching Puan Ng Swee Teng Ketua Program Kursus Lanjutan U48 Kolej Sains Kesihatan Bersekutu, SAS, Ulu Kinta Learning Objectives General Objectives: At the end of the 2
More informationQUALITY ASSURANCE AND USE OF ICT IN SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION IN NIGERIAN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS
QUALITY ASSURANCE AND USE OF ICT IN SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION IN NIGERIAN TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS By NATH IHEMTUGE NZEAGWU Department of Social Studies, Federal College of Education, Obudu. Abstract It is
More informationPersonal Tutoring at Staffordshire University
Personal Tutoring at Staffordshire University Staff Guidelines 1 Contents Introduction 3 Staff Development for Personal Tutors 3 Roles and responsibilities of personal tutors 3 Frequency of meetings 4
More informationQUEEN BEE SCHOOLS, DISTRICT BLOOMINGDALE ROAD GLENDALE HEIGHTS, IL MIDDLE SCHOOL CODE OF CONDUCT AND DISCIPLINE SYSTEM
QUEEN BEE SCHOOLS, DISTRICT 16 1560 BLOOMINGDALE ROAD GLENDALE HEIGHTS, IL 60139 MIDDLE SCHOOL CODE OF CONDUCT AND DISCIPLINE SYSTEM REVISED NOVEMBER, 2006 REVISED APRIL, 2004 REVISED, JUNE, 1998 REVISED,
More informationAcademic Integrity RN to BSN Option Student Tutorial
Academic Integrity RN to BSN Option Student Tutorial Slide 1 Title Slide Hello, Chamberlain RN to BSN option students. Welcome to our Brainshark Student Tutorial on Academic Integrity I am Amy Minnick,
More informationTOEIC Bridge Test Secure Program guidelines
TOEIC Bridge Test Secure Program guidelines Notes on application Please confirm and consent to the Privacy Policy of IIBC and TOEIC Bridge Test Secure Program guidelines before you apply for the TOEIC
More informationDepartment of Legal Assistant Education THE SOONER DOCKET. Enroll Now for Spring 2018 Courses! American Bar Association Approved
Department of Legal Assistant Education THE SOONER DOCKET Enroll Now for Spring 2018 Courses! American Bar Association Approved Vol. 40, No. 2 November 2017 Legal Assistant Education Schedule SPRING 2018
More informationClassify: by elimination Road signs
WORK IT Road signs 9-11 Level 1 Exercise 1 Aims Practise observing a series to determine the points in common and the differences: the observation criteria are: - the shape; - what the message represents.
More informationResearch Update. Educational Migration and Non-return in Northern Ireland May 2008
Research Update Educational Migration and Non-return in Northern Ireland May 2008 The Equality Commission for Northern Ireland (hereafter the Commission ) in 2007 contracted the Employment Research Institute
More informationEVALUATION OF AN INNOVATIVE SCHOOL EYE HEALTH EDUCATIONAL MODE
EVALUATION OF AN INNOVATIVE SCHOOL EYE HEALTH EDUCATIONAL MODE G.V.S. Murthy L. Verma S. Ahuja ABSTRACT An innovative mode of using school children as health educators for transmitting messages on eye
More informationWestminster Cathedral Catholic Primary School
Westminster Cathedral Catholic Primary School Founded by The Jesuit Fathers Circa 1849 Newsletter 15th September 2017 Love one another as I have loved you John 13:34 Our Mission Statement A new commandment
More informationListening and Speaking Skills of English Language of Adolescents of Government and Private Schools
Listening and Speaking Skills of English Language of Adolescents of Government and Private Schools Dr. Amardeep Kaur Professor, Babe Ke College of Education, Mudki, Ferozepur, Punjab Abstract The present
More informationMathematical Misconceptions -- Can We Eliminate Them? Phi lip Swedosh and John Clark The University of Melbourne. Introduction
MERGA 20 -Aotearoa - 1997 Mathematical Misconceptions -- Can We Eliminate Them? Phi lip Swedosh and John Clark The University of Melbourne If students are to successfully tackle tertiary mathematics, one
More informationTutoring First-Year Writing Students at UNM
Tutoring First-Year Writing Students at UNM A Guide for Students, Mentors, Family, Friends, and Others Written by Ashley Carlson, Rachel Liberatore, and Rachel Harmon Contents Introduction: For Students
More informationThe Flaws, Fallacies and Foolishness of Benchmark Testing
Benchmarking is a great tool for improving an organization's performance...when used or identifying, then tracking (by measuring) specific variables that are proven to be "S.M.A.R.T." That is: Specific
More informationUNESCO Bangkok Asia-Pacific Programme of Education for All. Embracing Diversity: Toolkit for Creating Inclusive Learning-Friendly Environments
UNESCO Bangkok Asia-Pacific Programme of Education for All Embracing Diversity: Toolkit for Creating Inclusive Learning-Friendly Environments UNESCO / O. Saltbones Introduction... Education systems must
More informationCourse Content Concepts
CS 1371 SYLLABUS, Fall, 2017 Revised 8/6/17 Computing for Engineers Course Content Concepts The students will be expected to be familiar with the following concepts, either by writing code to solve problems,
More informationDiploma in Library and Information Science (Part-Time) - SH220
Diploma in Library and Information Science (Part-Time) - SH220 1. Objectives The Diploma in Library and Information Science programme aims to prepare students for professional work in librarianship. The
More informationScience Olympiad Competition Model This! Event Guidelines
Science Olympiad Competition Model This! Event Guidelines These guidelines should assist event supervisors in preparing for and setting up the Model This! competition for Divisions B and C. Questions should
More informationDevelopment and Innovation in Curriculum Design in Landscape Planning: Students as Agents of Change
Development and Innovation in Curriculum Design in Landscape Planning: Students as Agents of Change Gill Lawson 1 1 Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, 4001, Australia Abstract: Landscape educators
More informationNew Venture Financing
New Venture Financing General Course Information: FINC-GB.3373.01-F2017 NEW VENTURE FINANCING Tuesdays/Thursday 1.30-2.50pm Room: TBC Course Overview and Objectives This is a capstone course focusing on
More informationLearning Disabilities and Educational Research 1
Learning Disabilities and Educational Research 1 Learning Disabilities as Educational Research Disabilities: Setting Educational Research Standards Dr. K. A Korb University of Jos Korb, K. A. (2010). Learning
More informationThe School Discipline Process. A Handbook for Maryland Families and Professionals
The School Discipline Process A Handbook for Maryland Families and Professionals MARYLAND DISABILITY LAW CENTER Maryland Disability Law Center (MDLC) is a private, non-profit law firm. MDLC is designated
More informationArkansas Beauty School-Little Rock Esthetics Program Consumer Packet 8521 Geyer Springs Road, Unit 30 Little Rock, AR 72209
Arkansas Beauty School-Little Rock Esthetics Program Consumer Packet 8521 Geyer Springs Road, Unit 30 Little Rock, AR 72209 www.studyhair.org Arkansas Beauty School-LR (ABSLR) is proud of its educational
More informationQualification handbook
Qualification handbook BIIAB Level 3 Award in 601/5960/1 Version 1 April 2015 Table of Contents 1. About the BIIAB Level 3 Award in... 1 2. About this pack... 2 3. BIIAB Customer Service... 2 4. What are
More informationReport of External Evaluation and Review
Report of External Evaluation and Review Ashton Warner Nanny Academy Highly Confident in educational performance Highly Confident in capability in self-assessment Date of report: 15 August 2014 Contents
More informationWhy Pay Attention to Race?
Why Pay Attention to Race? Witnessing Whiteness Chapter 1 Workshop 1.1 1.1-1 Dear Facilitator(s), This workshop series was carefully crafted, reviewed (by a multiracial team), and revised with several
More informationProgram Alignment CARF Child and Youth Services Standards. Nonviolent Crisis Intervention Training Program
Program Alignment 2009 CARF Child and Youth Services Standards Manual: Section 2.G Nonviolent Practices & The goal is to eliminate the use of seclusion and restraint in child and youth services, as the
More informationSPECIAL EDUCATION DISCIPLINE PROCEDURES AND MANIFESTATION DETERMINATION REVIEWS. Fall ICASE 2017
SPECIAL EDUCATION DISCIPLINE PROCEDURES AND MANIFESTATION DETERMINATION REVIEWS Fall ICASE 2017 Presenters: Monica Conrad Francesca Hoffmann MConrad@lewis kappes.com Hoffmann@Lewis Kappes.com Merrillville,
More informationMOESAC MEDIUM TERM PLAN
MOESAC MEDIUM TERM PLAN 2011-15 Introduction Medium Term Plan is a key output of a strategic planning process that was initiated in 2010. The process began with a broad-based stakeholder consultation exercise
More informationPharmaceutical Medicine
Specialty specific guidance on documents to be supplied in evidence for an application for entry onto the Specialist Register with a Certificate of Eligibility for Specialist Registration (CESR) Pharmaceutical
More information10: The use of computers in the assessment of student learning
10: The use of computers in the assessment of student learning Nora Mogey & Helen Watt Increased numbers of students in Higher Education and the corresponding increase in time spent by staff on assessment
More information