OHIO Description of the Formula Passage of Am. Sub. H. B. 49 of the 132 th Ohio General Assembly in June 2017, authorized the state foundation program for fiscal years 2018 and 2019, based on pupil ADM and district demographic characteristics. State aid is provided to 610 public school districts, 49 joint vocational school districts, and approximately 350 public community schools. In FY 2017, Ohio General Revenue Fund and Lottery Profit spending on primary and secondary education was nearly $9.0 billion. In FY 2018, spending will increase to $9.1 billion. Per pupil foundation support is $6,010 FY18 and $6,020 FY19. District-Based Components Density/Sparsity of Small Schools Does not apply Grade Level Differences Does not apply Declining Enrollment or Growth Total Average Daily Membership (ADM) is an annualized Full Time Equivalent (FTE) based on the enrollment of a student during the academic calendar reported by the school. The basis of this funding is the per-pupil figure of at least $6,010 in FY18 and $6,020 per year from state and local sources combined. The total ADM is adjusted to only include 20% of the count of resident students who attend joint vocational schools (JVS) and to include all of the preschool Autism Scholarship students who reside in the district. School districts are guaranteed to the funding they received from the state in FY17, unless a district s total ADM dropped more than 5% between FY14 and FY16. In that situation, a district may see state funding in FY18 that is less than the total received in FY17. 178
Capital Outlay and/or Debt Service The Ohio School Facilities Commission provides funds for school facilities projects based on the assessed property valuation per student. That property wealth factor determines the state and local share of the facilities project. The OSFC also reimburses public schools for the purchase of one radio communications unit and one entrance security system per eligible building. Transportation Funding for transportation is incorporated in the district formula funding utilizing a hybrid approach in which two sets of calculations are done for each school district with the calculation that results in the higher funding being utilized The Ohio Department of Education calculates payment based on the average number of bus riders, as counted and reported during the first week in October, and per annual mile expenditure in the previous year. In addition to this funding, supplemental transportation funding is provided to districts with a student density below a threshold of 50 students per square mile. The statutory provision for this aid program is found in ORC Section 3317.0212. Charter Schools According to the Ohio Department of Education, Ohio is one of the top three states in the nation in terms of the number of charter schools, serving about 7 percent of Ohio s public school students. The state will transfer existing funds to provide scholarships to Cleveland students who want to attend a charter or community school but have been denied because the program is over-subscribed. Student-Based Components Special Education There are six categories of Special Education services, specifying a dollar amount per child rather than categorical weights: 1) Speech and Language Disability $1,578 (FY18/19; 2) Learning Disability $4,055 (FY18/19); 3) Hearing Disability or Severe Behavior Disability $9,622 (FY18/19); 4) Vision or Major Health impairment $12,841 (FY18/19); 5) Orthopedic Disability $17,390 (FY18/19); 6) Autism, Brain Injury, or Hearing and Vision Impaired $25,637 (FY18/19). The statutory provision for this aid program is found in ORC Section 3317.022(A)(3) and Section 3317.013(A) to (F). Low Income / Comp Ed / At-Risk Funding in support of the economic disadvantaged is provided to address poverty and its effects on educational outcomes. The statutory provision for this aid program is found in ORC Section 3317.022(A)(5). Its calculation is based on a per-pupil amount of $272 equalized by the Economically disadvantage index of the district. Economically disadvantaged index is calculated by obtaining the square of the ratio of the individual district s economically disadvantaged percentage to the statewide economically disadvantaged percentage. 179
English Language Learner/Bilingual Education ELL and Bilingual funding is determined by classifying limited English proficient (LEP) students into one of 3 categories. Category 1 students are those who have been enrolled in U.S. schools for 180 days or less. Funding for this category is calculated by multiplying The LEP ADM by $1,515 and the State Share Index. The State Share Index is based on the property wealth and the income of the residents of the district. The statutory provision for this index is found in ORC Section 3317.017. Category 2 students are those who have been enrolled in U.S. schools for more than 180 days. Funding for this category is calculated by multiplying The LEP ADM by $1,136 and the State Share Index. Category 3 students are those who are mainstreamed on trial basis and are not included in the first two categories. Funding for this category is calculated by multiplying The LEP ADM by $758 and the State Share Index. The statutory provision for this aid program is found in ORC Section 3317.022(A)(6). Gifted and Talented Education Funding for Gifted and Talented education is distributed in three ways. First, a per-pupil amount of $5.05 applied to the formula ADM of the district. Second, Gifted Coordinator Services funding is provided based on a salary figure of $37,370 for every coordinator serving 3,300 students in the formula ADM, reduced by community school students with a minimum of 0.5 and a maximum of 8 coordinators per district. Finally, Gifted Intervention Specialist funding of $37,370 for every specialist serving 1,100 students in the formula ADM reduced by community school students with a minimum of 0.3 specialists per district. The statutory provision for this aid program is found in ORC Section 3317.022(A)(7). Career and Technical Education For funding purposes students are classified into 5 categories, with a per-pupil amount assigned to each category. The statutory provision for this aid program is found in ORC Sections 3317.022(A)(8) & (9) and Section 3317.014(A) to (E). Funding is equalized by FTE and State Share Index. The categories and their respective per-pupil amounts in FY14 are as follows: \ 1. Category 1 with the per-pupil amount of $5,192 is comprised of WFD programs in: Agricultural & Environmental Systems Construction Technologies Engineering and Science Technologies Finance Health Science Information Technology Manufacturing Technology 2. Category 2 with the per-pupil amount of $4,921 is comprised of WFD programs in: Business Administration Hospitality and Tourism Human Services Law and Public Safety Transportation Systems Arts and Communications 180
3. Category 3 with the per-pupil amount of $1,795 is comprised of: Career Based Intervention Programs 4. Category 4 with the per-pupil amount of $1,525 is comprised of WFD programs in: Education and Training Marketing Academics Public Administration Career Development 5. Category 5 with the per-pupil amount of $1,308 is comprised of: Family and Consumer Science Programs Preschool Education The preschool funding is on a per-pupil basis. The statutory provision for this aid program is found in ORC Section 3317.0213. The funding is comprised of two per-pupil amounts applied to the count of special education preschool children. One amount is calculated without being equalized while the other is equalized utilizing the State Share Index. The un-equalized perpupil amount is $4,000 and is applied to the count of all preschool children. The second perpupil amount is applied to those children with handicapping conditions, applying the specific dollar amounts in the 6 special education categories, multiplied by 0.5, equalized by the state share index. STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Math) No response Vouchers Ohio has several voucher programs available to students: Autism Scholarship, Jon Peterson Scholarship, EdChoice Scholarship, EdChoice expansion scholarship, and Cleveland Scholarship. The Autism, Jon Peterson, and EdChoice scholarships are all paid through the district by a deduction and transfer. The Autism Scholarship Program (ASP) gives the parents of children with autism who qualify for a scholarship the choice to send the child to a special education program other than the one operated by the school district of residence to receive their education and the services outlined in the child's individualized education program (IEP). Any student who has been identified by their district as a child with autism and for whom the district has created an individualized education plan (IEP) qualifies for the Autism Scholarship program. A child is eligible to apply to participate in the program when the child turns three. The scholarship is up to $27K per pupil. This is paid with state dollars deducted from the district of residence. The Jon Peterson Special Needs (JPSN) Scholarship Program provides scholarships to students who are eligible to attend kindergarten through 12th grade and have an Individualized Education Program (IEP) from their district. The amount of each scholarship will be based on the primary disability condition identified on the student's Evaluation Team Report (ETR) and will not exceed $27K or the maximum amount provided to the disability condition of the student. This is paid with state dollars deducted from the district of residence. The Educational Choice Scholarship (EdChoice) Program provides students from underperforming public schools the 181
opportunity to attend participating private schools. The program provides up to 60,000 EdChoice scholarships to eligible students. This is paid with state dollars deducted from the district of residence. The Cleveland Scholarship is available to students in the Cleveland Municipal school district to attend a non-public school within the boundaries of the Cleveland Municipal school district. This scholarship is partially paid by the district and partially paid by the state. Finally, the EdChoice expansion scholarship is available to low income students who are entering kindergarten through fourth grade. EdChoice expansion is paid directly by the state to the non-public provider. Other K-3 Literacy Funding targets K-3 students to provide early additional educational investment. The funding is based on 2 per-pupil amounts: A state-share-index equalized amount of $193 and an un-equalized amount of $127. K-3 students who attend e-schools are removed from the ADM base. The statutory provision for this aid program is found in ORC Section 3317.02(A)(4)] A state subsidy is provided to school districts to cover the costs associated with transporting special needs students and for specialized equipment. This aid is lesser of the actual the sum of $6 per pupil per day plus half of the amount by which actual cost exceeds $6 per pupil per day. This calculation is then multiplied by the same percentage used for regular transportation funding which is 60% or the district s state share index, whichever is greater. The statutory provision for this aid program is found in Administrative Rule 3301-83-01(D). Graduation Bonus: This is a bonus provided based on a school district s high school graduation rate as reported on the most recent local report card. It s calculation is based on 7.5% of the foundation amount of $6,010 applied to the graduation rate and the number of graduates equalized by the state share index. [Section 3317.0215 and Section 3317.022(A)(11) Third Grade Reading Proficiency Bonus: This is a bonus provided based on a school district s third grade reading proficiency as reported on the most recent local report card. Its calculation, like the graduation bonus, is based on 7.5% of the foundation amount of $6,010 applied to the rate of the third grade reading proficient students and their number equalized by the state share index. [Section 3317.0216 and Section 3317.022(A)(12)] Revenue and Expenditure Information State Mandates Restricting Revenue or Expenditure Increases For school districts, total resources included total property tax receipts, school district income tax revenues, total TPP and public utility reimbursements, and state foundation funding. Districts whose fixed rate payments were 2% or less of the total resources were considered low reliance districts. If a district s fixed rate reimbursement was over 2% of total resources, then the annual reduction was limited to no more than 2% of base year total resources. Property Assessment Ratios Used/Legal Standards For Property Assessment In addition to state aid through the foundation program, many school districts receive reimbursements payments for lost property tax revenue as a result of the phase out of the general 182
business tangible personal property tax (TPP) and the reduction of property tax assessments rates on utility property (KwH). Finally, the state pays 10% of locally levied property taxes for residential and agricultural real property owners and an additional 2.5% for homeowners and represents property tax relief to individual property taxpayers. Measure of Local Ability to Support Schools Targeted Assistance funding, formerly Parity Aid, targets school districts that do not raise much revenue beyond the local share of the foundation formula. The statutory provision for this aid program is found in ORC Section 3317.022(A)(2)] and Sections 3317.0217(A) & (B). Targeted Assistance aids school districts that are below a certain threshold of wealth, based on property valuation and residents income. School districts that fall below this threshold are eligible to receive funding based on 6 mills times the difference between the threshold local wealth measure per pupil and the individual school district s local wealth measure per pupil. Capacity Aid was first added to the foundation formula in FY16. The purpose of this funding stream is to increase the equity of the system by providing additional support to school districts with weaker tax bases. This funding is targeted to school districts that fall below the statewide median in terms of the taxes generated from 1 mill levy placed on their 3-year average property valuation. The calculation of this funding is predicated on the ratio of the statewide median 3- year average valuation times 1 mill to the same for the district on the one hand, and on a universal 3- year valuation per pupil figure pertaining to the districts that fall below the median on the other. School District Budget and Tax Rate Procedures/Sources of Local Revenue 612 school districts are fiscally independent. Districts can levy additional property tax mills or levy school district income taxes with simple majority approval by local electorate. State Support for Nonpublic Schools Chartered non-public schools receive funds for secular materials, equipment, computer software, textbooks, health, and remedial services as well as reimbursement for mandated administrative and clerical costs. For the 2017-18 school year, an additional 9,500 EdChoice Scholarships will be available to incoming kindergartner through fourth grade students whose family income is at or below 200% of the Federal Poverty Guidelines and who will attend low performing public school buildings. The pilot program, which will be paid by the state and not impact school district finances, is available to students in grades K-4 in FY18, and will continue to expand an additional grade level each year. Note: Source information on this page is provided by the Ohio Department of Education (https://education.ohio.gov). Additional narrative description and specificity of calculations for Ohio school aid programs is available at: https://education.ohio.gov/getattachment/topics/finance-and-funding/state-funding-for- Schools/Traditional-Public-School-Funding/SFPR-Funding-Form-Line-by-Line-Explanation- FY2014-1.pdf.aspx. Source: Randall Vesely, University of Toledo 183