Administration of Justice

RRN 1,893 Administration of Justice February 2011 Needs Assessment Prepared by Carli Straight Date: February 24, 2011 Administration of Justice 1

Scope Data compiled in this report covers San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and Los Angeles counties. Data were drawn from external sources, including the Employment Development Department s California Labor Market Information Division and the U.S. Department of Education s Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), as well as Chaffey College s Colleague Administrative database. Data Sources and Calculations Educational Program Data TOP Code Program of Study 2105.00 Administration of Justice The Taxonomy of Programs (TOP) is a standardized system used at the state level to classify programs and courses that are intended to achieve the same outcome at California Community Colleges. CIP Code Program of Study 43.0107 Criminal Justice/Police Science The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) is a standardized coding system used at the federal level to facilitate accurate tracking, assessment, and reporting of fields of study and program completion at educational institutions throughout the country. This report relies on the Criminal Justice/Police Science CIP code, which maps to the Administration of Justice TOP code, to compare Chaffey College to other institutions and examine employment trends. Completions Data Degree and certificate data regarding students at Chaffey College were collected from the Colleague Administrative database. Degree and certificate data for all comparison schools were collected from the U.S. Department of Education s Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). All comparison institutions included in this report are postsecondary and have provided data to IPEDS. IPEDS defines postsecondary education as a formal program designed primarily for students beyond high school age. These include academic, vocational, and continuing professional education, and exclude avocational and adult basic education programs. Occupational Data SOC Code Occupational Title 33.3011 Bailiffs 25.1111 Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary 33.3021 Detectives and Criminal Investigators 33.3051 Police and Sheriff s Patrol Officers 33.9021 Private Detectives and Investigators The Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system is used by federal statistical agencies to classify workers into occupational categories. The Criminal Justice/Police Science CIP code was mapped to the SOC codes listed in the table above using the crosswalk described in the paragraph below. 2

Educational Program to Occupation Crosswalk The TOP-CIP-SOC Crosswalk (Employment Development Department, 2007) was used in this report to map TOP codes to CIP and SOC codes. This crosswalk allows the user to estimate labor market demand for California Community College program completers using SOC-based projections from the California Labor Market Information Division. Industry Data The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is used by federal statistical agencies to classify business establishments for the purpose of conducting and reporting research on the U.S. business economy. The Standard Occupation Classification codes are mapped to industry data by the California Labor Market Information Division. Industry information is used to geographically map the business locations of potential employers as well as to observe trends across the industries that employ the occupations identified above. 3

Introduction and Contents Contents Background Information 5 Regional Job Outlook 7 Largest and Fastest Growing Industry Employers 10 Regional Graduation Summary 12 Chaffey College s Performance on Core Indicators 14 Map of Competitor Institutions 15 Purpose and Goals Chaffey College currently offers two degree options for students interested in Administration and Justice careers. Specifically, one can choose to pursue a 22.5-24 unit Associate of Science degree or a 22.5-24 unit Certificate in Administration of Justice. The 2010-2011 College Catalog program description reads as follows: The Administration of Justice major prepares students for a variety of careers in the criminal justice system. Courses within the program acquaint students with the American justice system, crime causes, the role of law enforcement, roles of administration of justice practitioners, procedural and constitutional rights of defendants, legal defenses, criminal courtroom procedure, evidence procedures, juvenile procedures, and misdemeanor and felony violations of criminal law. The purpose of this report is to integrate and analyze data from multiple sources to determine labor market needs for the Administration of Justice program at Chaffey College. Regional Definitions Inland Empire includes the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) Los Angeles County includes the Los Angeles- Long Beach-Glendale Metropolitan Division Orange County includes the Santa Ana- Anaheim-Irvine Metropolitan Division Key Terms and Concepts Replacement Jobs: Replacement jobs refer to the number of job openings due to workers leaving an occupation. Annual Openings: Annual openings are calculated by adding the number of new jobs to the number of replacement jobs, divided by the number of years in the projection period. Projections: Projections of employment are calculated by the Employment Development Department and are based on a mathematical formula that includes historical employment and economic indicators along with national, state, and local trends. Occupation: Jobs are grouped into occupations using the federal Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Industry: Occupations are grouped into industries using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Wages: Hourly wages are reported in percentiles and averages. The 25 th percentile is a useful proxy of entry-level wages and the 75 th percentile of experienced-level wages. 4

Background Information Administration of Justice Administration of Justice programs in California Community Colleges focus on theories, principles, and techniques of law enforcement agencies, juvenile justice, and corrections. 1 The following five occupational categories provide employment opportunities for completers of Administration of Justice programs. The descriptions of job duties are provided by the Occupational Information Network. 2 Bailiffs Baliffs maintain order in courts of law. Typical Tasks Collect and retain unauthorized firearms from persons entering courtroom Maintain order in courtroom during trial and guard jury from outside contact Guard lodging of sequestered jury Provide jury escort to restaurant and other areas outside of courtroom to prevent jury contact with public Enforce courtroom rules of behavior and warn persons not to smoke or disturb court procedure Report need for police or medical assistance to sheriff s office Check courtroom for security and cleanliness and assure availability of sundry supplies for use of judge Announce entrance of judge Stop people from entering courtroom while judge charges jury 1 California Community Colleges, Chancellor s Office, Taxonomy of Programs, Sixth Edition (Corrected Version). 2 O*Net Online: http://online.onetcenter.org/find 5

Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary Postsecondary Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers teach courses in criminal justice, corrections, and law enforcement. Typical Tasks Initiate, facilitate, and moderate classroom discussions Keep abreast of developments in the field by reading current literature, talking with colleagues, and participating in professional conferences Evaluate and grade students class work, assignments, and papers Compile, administer, and grade examinations, or assign this work to others Prepare and deliver lectures to undergraduate or graduate students on topics such as criminal law, defensive policing, and investigation techniques Prepare course materials such as syllabi, homework assignments, and handouts Conduct research in a particular field of knowledge and publish findings in professional journals, books or electronic media Plan, evaluate, and revise curricula, course content, course materials, and methods of instruction Supervise undergraduate or graduate teaching, internship, and research work Detectives and Criminal Investigators Detectives and Criminal Investigators conduct investigations related to suspected violations of the law to prevent and solve crimes. Included under this occupational classification are Police Detectives, Police Identification and Records Officers, Criminal Investigators and Special Agents, and Immigration and Customs Inspectors. Typical Tasks Provide testimony as a witness in court Secure deceased body and obtain evidence from it, preventing bystanders from tampering with it prior to medical examiner s arrival Examine crime scenes to obtain clues and evidence, such as loose hairs, fibers, clothing, or weapons Obtain evidence from suspects Record progress of investigation, maintain informational files on suspects, and submit reports to commanding officer or magistrate to authorize warrants Check victims for signs of life, such as breathing and pulse Prepare charges or responses to charges, or information for court cases, according to formalized procedures Obtain facts or statements from complainants, witnesses, and accused persons and record interviews, using recording device Prepare and serve search and arrest warrants Note, mark, and photograph location of objects found, such as footprints, tire tracks, bullets and bloodstains, and take measurements of the scene 6

Police and Sheriff s Patrol Officers Police and Sheriff s Patrol Officers maintain order, enforce laws and ordinances, and protect life and property in an assigned patrol district. Typical Tasks Provide for public safety by maintaining order, responding to emergencies, protecting people and property, enforcing motor vehicle and criminal laws, and promoting good community relations Record facts to prepare reports that document incidents and activities Monitor, note, report, and investigate suspicious persons and situations, safety hazards, and unusual or illegal activity in patrol area Identify, pursue, and arrest suspects and perpetrators of criminal acts Patrol specific area on foot, horseback, or motorized conveyance, responding promptly to calls for assistance Review facts of incidents to determine if criminal act or statute violations were involved Investigate traffic accidents and other accidents to determine causes and to determine if a crime has been committed Render aid to accident victims and other persons requiring first aid for physical injuries Testify in court to present evidence or act as witness in traffic and criminal cases Photograph or draw diagrams of crime or accident scenes and interview principals and eyewitnesses Private Detectives and Investigators Private Detectives and Investigators detect occurrences of unlawful acts or infractions of rules in private establishments, or seek, examine, and compile information for a client. Typical Tasks Write reports and case summaries to document investigations Search computer databases, credit reports, public records, tax and legal filings, and other resources to locate persons or compile information for investigations Obtain and analyze information on suspects, crimes, and disturbances to solve cases, identify criminal activity, and gather information for court cases Conduct background investigations of individuals, such as pre-employment checks, to obtain information about an individual s character, financial status or personal history Conduct private investigations on a paid basis Testify at hearings and court trials to present evidence Question persons to obtain evidence for cases of divorce, child custody, or missing persons, or information about individuals character or financial status Observe and document activities of individuals in order to detect unlawful acts or to obtain evidence for cases, using binoculars and still or video cameras Alert appropriate personnel to suspects locations Perform undercover operations such as evaluating the performance and honesty of employees by posing as customers or employees 7

Regional Job Outlook Projected Regional Job Outlook The table below displays 2008 employment estimates and 2018 projections for the five occupational groups that employ Criminal Justice/ Police Science program completers. Police and Sheriff Patrol Officers are expected to have the most job openings over this time period, with the majority of available jobs located in Los Angeles County. Job openings in the other occupations are expected to be very few. Data for Bailiffs were not available. Total Estimated 2008 Jobs Total Projected 2018 Jobs Projected Growth (%) Ave. Annual New Job Openings Ave. Annual Replacement Job Openings Ave. Annual Total Job Openings Bailiffs State of California -- -- -- -- -- -- Inland Empire -- -- -- -- -- -- Los Angeles CO -- -- -- -- -- -- Orange CO -- -- -- -- -- -- Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary State of California 1,300 1,400 100 (7.7%) 10 30 40 Inland Empire 180 210 30 (16.7%) 3 3 6 Los Angeles CO 270 300 30 (11.1%) 3 6 9 Orange CO -- -- -- -- -- -- Detectives and Criminal Investigators State of California 12,900 15,100 2,200 (17.1%) 220 270 490 Inland Empire 1,000 1,210 210 (21.0%) 21 20 41 Los Angeles CO 3,460 3,860 400 (11.6%) 40 71 111 Orange CO 550 610 60 (10.9%) 6 11 17 Police and Sheriff Patrol Officers State of California 72,200 77,400 5,200 (7.2%) 520 1,860 2,380 Inland Empire 5,960 6,410 450 (7.6%) 45 154 199 Los Angeles CO 22,530 24,350 1,820 (8.1%) 182 581 763 Orange CO 3,470 3,800 330 (9.5%) 33 93 126 Private Detectives and Investigators State of California 5,100 5,900 800 (15.7%) 80 110 190 Inland Empire 370 460 90 (24.3%) 9 8 17 Los Angeles CO -- -- -- -- -- -- Orange CO 350 410 60 (17.1%) 6 7 13 Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Occupation Profile, on the Internet at: http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/ (visited February 24, 2011). 8

Projected Regional Job Growth The graphs below show the projected growth from 2008 to 2018 of occupations that employ Criminal Justice/Police Science program completers. Detective and Criminal Investigators and Private Detectives and Investigators are expected to experience the most job growth, whereas Police and Sheriff Patrol Officers are expected to experience the least. % Growth 50 40 30 20 10 0 Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary California Inland Empire Los Angeles County N/A Orange County % Growth 50 40 30 20 10 0 Detectives and Criminal Investigators California Inland Empire Los Angeles County Orange County % Growth 50 40 30 20 10 0 California Police and Sheriff Patrol Officers Inland Empire Los Angeles County Orange County % Growth 50 40 30 20 10 0 California Private Detectives and Investigators Inland Empire N/A Los Angeles County Orange County Notes: No graph is displayed for Bailiffs due to lack of sufficient data. N/A indicates that data were not available for that region. Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Occupation Profile, on the Internet at: http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/ (visited February 24, 2011). 9

Regional Hourly Wages This table displays the first quarter 2010 hourly wage statistics of individuals in occupations that employ Criminal Justice/Police Science program completers. Regional data are only available for Detectives and Criminal Investigators, Police and Sheriff Patrol Officers, and Private Detectives and Investigators. Among these occupations, Private Detectives and Investigators earn the least, while Detectives and Criminal Investigators and Police and Sheriff Patrol Officers earn higher, and relatively comparable, wages. Mean Hourly Rate 25 th Percentile Median Hourly Rate 75 th Percentile Bailiffs State of California $25.24 $23.53 $25.63 $27.85 Inland Empire -- -- -- -- Los Angeles CO -- -- -- -- Orange CO -- -- -- -- Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary State of California $45.62 $29.51 $47.53 $59.11 Inland Empire -- -- -- -- Los Angeles CO -- -- -- -- Orange CO -- -- -- -- Detectives and Criminal Investigators State of California $39.02 $29.78 $38.55 $48.52 Inland Empire $35.60 $30.51 $36.71 $42.21 Los Angeles CO -- -- -- -- Orange CO $41.15 $33.56 $41.45 $49.29 Police and Sheriff Patrol Officers State of California $38.31 $31.46 $38.19 $45.02 Inland Empire $36.25 $28.82 $36.12 $42.88 Los Angeles CO $40.72 $34.39 $40.68 $47.37 Orange CO $37.69 $35.09 $38.41 $41.68 Private Detectives and Investigators State of California $28.54 $21.51 $26.76 $33.92 Inland Empire $40.08 $24.90 $41.67 $53.56 Los Angeles CO $25.18 $21.07 $26.03 $29.61 Orange CO $35.68 $16.02 $31.85 $39.66 Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Occupation Profile, on the Internet at: http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/ (visited February 24, 2011). 10

Largest and Fastest Growing Industry Employers Largest Industry Employers of Criminal Justice/Police Science Occupations The graphs below display the 2008 staffing patterns of the ten largest industries employing each of the five Criminal Justice/Police Science-related occupational groups across the state of California. By and large, most individuals who work in these occupations will find employment in government-run industries. Number of Employees 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary Junior Colleges Number of Employees 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 Detectives and Criminal Investigators Federal Government Local Government State Government Number of Employees 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers Local Government State Government Federal Government Number of Employees 250 200 150 100 50 0 State Government Private Detectives and Investigators Management of Companies and Enterprises Business Support Services Local Government Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Staffing Patterns, on the Internet at: http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/iomatrix/staffing-patterns1.asp (visited February 24, 2011). 11

Change Over Time of the Largest Industry Employers of Criminal Justice/Police Science Occupations The graphs below display projections of change over time from 2008-2018 in the largest industries employing Criminal Justice/Police Science-related occupations across the state of California. Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary and Detectives and Criminal Investigators are expected to see the most industry growth. Percent Change 20.00% 18.00% 16.00% 14.00% 12.00% 10.00% 8.00% 6.00% 4.00% 2.00% 0.00% Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary Junior Colleges Percent Change 30.00% 25.00% 20.00% 15.00% 10.00% 5.00% 0.00% Detectives and Criminal Investigators Federal Government Local Government State Government Percent Change 10.00% 9.00% 8.00% 7.00% 6.00% 5.00% 4.00% 3.00% 2.00% 1.00% 0.00% Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers Local Government State Government Federal Government Percent Change 0.00% -10.00% -20.00% -30.00% -40.00% -50.00% -60.00% State Government Private Detectives and Investigators Management of Companies and Enterprises Business Support Services Local Government Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Staffing Patterns, on the Internet at: http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/iomatrix/staffing-patterns1.asp (visited February 24, 2011). 12

Regional Graduation Summary Education and Training 3 An associate s degree in Criminal Justice/Police Science prepares students for positions in the following five occupations. Specific education and training requirements for each occupation are listed below. Occupation Title Bailiffs Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary Detectives and Criminal Investigators Police and Sheriff s Patrol Officers Private Detectives and Investigators Minimum Educational Requirement Moderate-term on-the-job training (1-12 months) Master s degree Work experience in a related occupation Long-term on-the-job training (> 12 months) Work experience in a related occupation Regional Completers in Criminal Justice/Police Science Programs The table below displays the number of program completers in the 2009-10 academic year at regional institutions offering an associate s degree or certificate in Criminal Justice/Police Science. Besides Chaffey College, there are 33 institutions offering degrees and/or certificates below the baccalaureate level across the four county region. Institution Name < 1 year Certificate 1 to < 2 year Certificate Award Level Associate s Degree 2 to < 4 year Certificate Chaffey College 9 -- 12 -- Antelope Valley College 0 -- 63 -- Barstow Community College 2 -- 27 -- Cerritos College 0 0 42 -- Citrus College 26 -- 36 -- College of the Canyons 2 -- 18 -- College of the Desert 7 -- 22 -- Copper Mountain College 1 0 4 1 Crafton Hills College 0 1 11 -- Cypress College -- 1 -- -- East Los Angeles College 628 -- 109 -- East San Gabriel Valley Regional Occupational Program 19 -- -- -- El Camino College-Compton Center 0 -- 3 -- El Camino Community College District 9 0 22 -- 3 Bureau of Labor Statistics, United States Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition, on the Internet at: http://www.bls.gov/oco/ (visited February 24, 2011). 13

Fullerton College 0 72 41 -- Glendale Community College 5 0 1 -- Golden West College 57 -- 20 -- Irvine Valley College 10 -- 9 -- Long Beach City College 0 22 26 -- Los Angeles City College 0 -- 22 -- Los Angeles Harbor College -- 0 15 -- Los Angeles Mission College 0 1 21 -- Los Angeles Pierce College 0 -- 20 -- Los Angeles Southwest College 22 -- 7 -- Los Angeles Valley College 13 -- 22 -- Moreno Valley College 0 -- 0 -- Mt. San Antonio College -- 4 19 -- Mt. San Jacinto Community College District 0 19 27 -- Palo Verde College 0 1 0 -- Pasadena City College -- 0 0 12 Rio Hondo College 7 -- 94 -- Riverside Community College 90 -- 34 -- San Bernardino Valley College 32 -- 31 -- Santa Ana College 0 -- 19 -- Victor Valley College 2 -- 56 -- Total 941 121 853 13 Note: -- indicates that this type of degree is not offered. 0 indicates that this degree/certificate level is offered but no degrees or certificates were granted. Source: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, on the Internet at: http://www.nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/ 14

Chaffey College s Performance on Core Indicators The Perkins IV Career and Technical Education Improvement Act of 2006 mandates that all state and local postsecondary institutions provide data on six core performance indicators for their career and technical education programs. These indicators are: 1) Technical Skill Attainment; 2) Completions; 3) Persistence and Transfer; 4) Employment; 5) Nontraditional Participation; and 6) Nontraditional Completion. Performance goals are set at the state and local levels and progress is monitored based on a comparison between the actual percentage of students who master each performance area and the negotiated levels of performance. 2009-2010 Chaffey College Performance on Core Indicators The table below displays negotiated and actual core performance indicator levels for all Chaffey College students classified under the Administration of Justice TOP code. Chaffey has performed above negotiated levels in 2 of the 6 core performance indicators. Core Performance Indicators Negotiated Level State District Chaffey College Performance Percent Above or Below District Negotiated Level Administration of Justice Core 1 Technical Skill Attainment 88.81% 90.54% 84.68% -5.9 Core 2 Completions- Credential, Certificate, Degree, or Transfer Ready 82.05% 82.05% 63.64% -18.4 Core 3 Persistence and Transfer 85.96% 85.96% 82.88% -3.1 Core 4 Employment 82.21% 82.21% 75.00% -7.2 Core 5a Non-traditional Participation 20.37% 20.37% 38.74% 18.4 Core 5b Non-traditional Completions 22.10% 22.42% 48.57% 26.2 Source: CA Community Colleges Reporting Services, Administration of Justice, College Core Indicator Information by 6-Digit TOP (2011-2012). 15

Map of Competitor Institutions Most individuals who earn a degree or certificate in Criminal Justice/Police Science will work in local, state, or federal government. The locations of local, state, and federal government offices are available on city, county, state, and federal websites. This map illustrates the locations of Chaffey College and other competitor institutions offering degrees or certificates in Criminal Justice/Police Science. 16