NORTHWEST AREA Regional Profile

NORTHWEST AREA Regional Profile Idaho, Oregon, & Washington People 21 Census Summary File 1 i WA, Reservations OR, Reservations ID, Reservations WA + OR + ID # % # % # % # % Total population (all races) 126,35 1 8,685 1 31,42 1 166,392 1 AI/AN alone or in combination 32,246 25.5 6,542 75.3 8,441 26.9 47,229 28.4% AI/AN alone 28,278 22.4 5,989 69 7533 24 41,8 25.1% Median Age, AIAN Alone (years) 27.5 x 27.6 x 29.1 x x x 21 Census Summary File 1 WA, Entire OR, Entire State ID, Entire State WA + OR + ID # % # % # % # % Total population (all races) 6,724,54 1 3,831,74 1 1,567,582 1 12,123,196 1 American Indian And Alaska Native AI/AN alone or in combination 198,998 3 19,223 2.9 36,385 2.3 344,66 2.8 Hispanic or Latino 3,149.4 19,447.5 6,94.4 56,536.5 AI/AN alone 13,869 1.5 53,23 1.4 21,441 1.4 178,513 1.5 Hispanic or Latino 15,134.2 1,497.3 3,885.2 29,516.2 Median Age American Indian alone 3.9 x 31.7 x 3.3 x x x Median Age, Total Population (years) 37.3 x 38.4 x 34.6 x x x

Percent of Population in Age Group Age Distribution The figure below shows age distribution for the AIAN population statewide and on reservations compared to the White populations of the Northwest states. Dependents (including young dependents under 15 and elderly dependents over 65) rely upon the economically active for economic support. The AIAN population has a higher percentage of young dependents compared to the White population. 12 1 9.5 9.8 9.1 8.9 Idaho AIAN = 21,441 8 6 4 2 7.3 7.4 7.1 7 7.5 6.7 6.6 6.4 6.1 6 6.7 7 6.2 6.6 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.2 6.5 5.2 White = 1,396,487 AIAN, Reservations = 7,533 5.7 4.3 3.2 2.4 4.5 1.8 1.8 3.1 2.8 1.4.5 Source: 21 Census AIAN Summary File, Table DP-1 In the figure above, the percentage distribution by age of AIAN (alone) people living on reservations is labeled in red and the White population is labeled in dark gray (e.g. 9.5 percent of the AIAN reservation population was under 5 years old in 21 compared to 7.3 percent of the White population statewide). The AIAN population statewide is the dotted light red line. The median age for American Indians on reservations in Idaho is 29.1 compared to the White median age in Idaho of 34.6. The median age of the AIAN population statewide was 3.3. 34.1 percent of the AIAN reservation population was under 18 in 21, compared to 26 percent of the White population. 27.4 percent of the AIAN population statewide in Idaho was under 18 in 21. According to the World Factbook, 1 age structure of a population affects a nation's key socioeconomic issues. Nations with young populations (high percentage under age 15), for instance, should invest more in schools, while nations with older populations should invest more in the health sector. The age structure can also be used to help predict political issues. The rapid growth of a young adult population unable to find employment, for instance, can lead to unrest. 1 The World Factbook 213-14. Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, 213.

Percent of Population in Age Group 12 1 8 6 4 2 9.6 9.8 5.5 5.5 9.4 8.9 8.6 7.3 5.8 6.2 6.2 6.7 Oregon 7.6 7.8 7.1 6.5 6.3 6.4 6.8 5.3 5.9 5.9 6.2 5.9 5.8 4.3 4.9 2.7 3.5 1.9 AIAN = 53,23 White = 3,24,614 AIAN, Reservations = 5,989 2.7 2.2 2.3 1.2 1.4 Source: 21 Census AIAN Summary File, Table DP-1 The median age for American Indians on reservations in Oregon was 27.6 compared to the White median age in Idaho of 41. The median age of the AIAN population statewide was 31.7. 33.6 percent of the AIAN reservation population was under 18 in 21, compared to 2.3 percent of the White population. 28.1 percent of the AIAN population statewide in Oregon was under 18 in 21. 12 Washington AIAN = 13,869 1.1 1 9.6 9.3 9.4 White = 5,196,362 8 8.2 7.7 7.9 AIAN, Reservations = 28,278 6.7 7.5 6.9 6.4 6.4 6.4 6 4 2 5.6 5.6 5.9 6.3 6.4 6.7 6 5.9 5.6 6.5 6.3 5.2 3.8 4.6 2.9 3.2 1.9 2.4 1.3 1.9 2.1.7.5 Source: 21 Census AIAN Summary File, Table DP-1 The median age for American Indians on reservations in Washington was 27.5 compared to the White median age in Idaho of 4.4. The median age of the AIAN population statewide was 3.9. 34.5 percent of the AIAN reservation population was under 18 in 21, compared to 2.8 percent of the White population. 29.2 percent of the AIAN population statewide in Oregon was under 18 in 21.

Economic Characteristics Unemployment. Over the 26-21 time period, nearly 17 percent of American Indians in Washington State were unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force, more than double the rate for the total population in Washington. About 14 percent of American Indians/Alaska Natives in Oregon were unemployed in the same time period, the same unemployment rate for Natives in Idaho. The unemployment rate definition used by the Census Bureau differs from joblessness, a measure that is used by the Bureau of Indian Affairs Labor Force Report. Percent Unemployed 1 14% 12% 4% 2% 16.4% 13. 13. 8. 7. 7. Total population AIAN Total population AIAN Total population AIAN ID ID OR OR WA WA Poverty. The percentage of families in poverty is shown in the next figure. In each state, the poverty rate for AIAN families is nearly double the rate for the total population. 4. 35. 3. 25. 2 34% Poverty 22% 22% 2. 15. 1. 1 5.. Total AIAN Total AIAN Total AIAN ID ID OR OR WA WA All families With related children under 18 years Sources: Census Bureau, ACS, 26-21, Table DP-3

Educational Attainment for the Population over 25 The figure below shows the percentage of persons age 25 and over with high school completion or higher and a bachelor's or higher, by state, in the Northwest region. In Washington, about 14 percent of AIAN persons 25 and older have a bachelor s or higher, compared to 32 percent of the White population. In Oregon, about 86 percent of AIAN people 25 and older have a high school diploma or higher. 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 92 92 93 83 26 1 86 83 3 32 13 14 Idaho Oregon Washington White % with HS or Higher AIAN % with HS or Higher White % with Bachelor's or Higher AIAN % with Bachelor's or Higher SOURCE: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, 28-21 American Community Survey (ACS) 3-Year Public Use Microdata Sample (PUMS) data. The figures 2 below show more detail for educational attainment of AIAN persons 25 and older in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. In Washington, out of the 54,481 AIAN persons 25 and over, 9 percent had a bachelor s, 8 percent had an associate s, and 5 percent a graduate or professional. 4 3 2 34% 32% 2 2 2 2 Idaho 1,893 OR 34,98 WA 54,481 1 14% 1 9% < 9th grade 9th to 12th, no diploma HS graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no Associate's Bachelor's Graduate or prof Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 26-21, 5-Year Estimates, Table DP2 2 Confidence intervals are displayed at the 9-percent confidence level. A 9-percent confidence interval can be interpreted roughly as providing 9 percent certainty that the interval defined by the upper and lower bounds contains the true value of the characteristic.

The next figures compare AIAN educational attainment to White attainment in the Northwest states. The highest level of education attained for 3 percent of AIAN people over 25 in Idaho was a graduate or professional, compared to 8 percent for the White population; 6 percent of the AIAN population had attained a bachelors, compared to 17 percent of the White population; one third of AIAN people in Idaho had only attained a high school diploma or equivalent. In Oregon, 33 percent of AIAN people over 25 had less than a high school diploma or equivalent, the largest proportion of the NW states. 4 3 2 4% 14% < 9th grade 9th to 12th, no diploma 29% 34% HS graduate (includes equivalency) Idaho 2 2 Some college, no 9% Associate's Idaho 892,334 Idaho 1,893 1 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 26-21, 5-Year Estimates, Table DP2 Bachelor's Graduate or prof 2 1 Oregon 2 2 2 2 OR 2,249,258 OR 34,98 19% < 9th grade 9th to 12th, no diploma HS graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no Associate's Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 26-21, 5-Year Estimates, Table DP2 Bachelor's Graduate or prof 3 2 1 < 9th grade 9th to 12th, no diploma 32% Washington 2 2 2 HS graduate (includes equivalency) Some college, no 9% Associate's Bachelor's Source: U.S. Census Bureau, American Community Survey 26-21, 5-Year Estimates, Table DP2 WA 3,599,183 WA 54,481 Graduate or prof

Median Annual Earnings (Dollars) Female Earnings as a % of Male Earnings Median Annual Earnings and Gender Earnings Ratio for Full-Time Workers 9, 8, 7, 1 1 6, 5, 4, 3, 42,221 72% 3,475 33,81 7 26,419 7 46,848 35,522 74% 54,484 81% 4,428 42,44 34,369 29,135 27,651 8 6 4 2, 1, White AIAN White AIAN White AIAN Idaho OR WA Male, Median Earnings (dollars) Female Median Earnings (dollars) Female Earnings as % of Male Earnings SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 26-21 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP3 The figure above shows the median annual earnings for AIAN men and women full-time workers and total full-time workers in Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. The figure also shows women s earnings as a percentage of men s earnings by state for total full-time workers and AIAN full-time workers. In all the Northwest states, the gender wage gap is smaller for AIAN full-time workers, and in fact AIAN women make 15 percent the amount AIAN men in Idaho. The female/male earnings ratios range from a low of 72 percent in in Idaho for White full-time workers to a high of 15 percent for AIAN workers in Oregon. State Idaho Oregon Washington Race White AIAN White AIAN White AIAN Male Median Earnings (dollars) 42,221 33,81 46,848 27,651 54,484 42,44 Female Median Earnings (dollars) 3,475 26,419 35,522 29,135 4,428 34,369 Female Earnings as % of Male Earnings 72% 7 7 1 74% 81% SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 26-21 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP3 About the American Community Survey (ACS): ACS produces period estimates of socioeconomic and housing characteristics which describe the average characteristics of an area over a specific time period. The survey collects information nearly every day of the year and then aggregates the results over a 1, 3, or 5 year period. The multiyear estimates describe the population and characteristics of an area for the full period, as opposed to a point in time. Multiyear estimates are the only type of estimates available for geographic areas with populations of less than 65,, which describes most tribal geographies and AIAN village- and reservation-level populations. Multiyear estimates, based on larger sample sizes, are more reliable for AIAN populations.

6, Comparisons of Median Annual Earnings for AIAN Full-Time Workers 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 42,221 33,81 3 26,419 46,848 41% 3 27,651 29,135 54,484 22% 42,44 3 34,369 White Male AIAN Male AIAN Female White Male AIAN Male AIAN Female White Male AIAN Male Idaho Median Earnings OR Median Earnings WA Median Earnings AIAN Female SOURCE: U.S. Census Bureau, 26-21 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-Year Estimates, Table DP3 The figure above shows the median annual earnings for AIAN men and women full-time workers compared to the median earnings of all White male full-time workers in respective states. In Idaho, AIAN men s earnings median was $33,81, 2 percent less than the median earnings for White men in Idaho. In Oregon, AIAN women made 38 percent less than White male full-time workers, but more than AIAN men in that state. AIAN men in Washington had the highest median for annual earnings across the Northwest region, but still 22 percent less than White men made in Washington state. Housing Characteristics Housing tenure: in Idaho, 23 percent of the 2,88 AIAN occupied households are owned free and clear, a higher percentage than for White and AIAN households in the Northwest states. About half of AIAN households in Washington and Oregon are renter occupied (48 and 51 percent, respectively). 8 owned free and clear 14% 7 6 2 5 4 owned w mortgage or a loan 5 2 3 41% 51% 34% 3 51% 5 3 4 Owner Renter Owner Renter Owner Renter Owner Renter Owner Renter Owner Renter 1,386,174 2,88 3,187,819 AIAN, = 5,379 5,219,173 Idaho OR WA 99,481 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 21 Census Summary File 1, Table H11C

Vehicles per Household In the Northwest states, Oregon and Washington AIAN households have a higher number with zero vehicles available (at 1 and 11 percent respectively). 4 4 3 2 No vehicles available 1 vehicle available 2 vehicles available 3 or more vehicles available 41% 39% 39% 3 3 34% 34% 3 32% 31% 29% 2 2 2 24% 22% 4% 4% White N = 536,836 1,341,6 2,161,38 5,92 18,891 3,792 Idaho OR WA Idaho OR WA White AIAN Selected Housing Characteristics 8. 7. 5. Lacking complete kitchen facilities No telephone service available 6. 5. 4.1% 4.2% 4. 3. 3.4% 3.2% 2. 2. 1... 1.4% 1..9%.. White N = 536,836 5,92 1,341,6 18,891 2,161,38 Idaho OR WA 3,792

Occupants-per-room is obtained by dividing the number of people in each occupied housing unit by the number of rooms in the unit. The figures show the number of occupied housing units having the specified ratio of people per room. Although the Census Bureau has no official definition of crowded units, many users consider units with more than one occupant per room to be crowded. In Oregon, about 1 percent of AIAN occupied households have more than 1 person per room, compared to 2 percent of White households in that state. 9% 4% 2% 1% 1.9%.4% White N = 536,836 5.. 5,92 1..4% 1,341,6 7. 2.4% 18,891 1..4% 2,161,38 Idaho OR WA 4.2% 1. 3,792 1.1 to 1.5 1.51 or more Value of Owner Occupied-Houses 3, 25, Median (dollars) 253,7 283,8 2, 173,9 177,3 18,1 15, 125,6 1, 5, White N = 385,677 3,596 88,122 8526 1,461,838 Idaho OR WA 14,991 The median value of AIAN owner-occupied houses in Idaho was $125,6, in Oregon, $177,3 in Oregon, and $18,1 in Washington. The AIAN median house value was 72 percent the median for White owned houses in Idaho; the AIAN median was 7 percent of the White-owned house value median in Oregon; and in Washington, it was 63 percent of White-owned house median value. The figures below show more detail for distribution of owner-occupied house values in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington.

Value of Owner-Occupied Housing Units 2 Less than $5, 2 $5, to $99,999 19% Idaho 21% 21% 1 1 1 Idaho White N = 385,677 Idaho 3,596 9% $1, $15, $2, $3, $5, to $149,999 to $199,999 to $299,999 to $499,999 to $999,999 2% 1% $1,, or more 3 2 Oregon 29% 22% 2 OR 88,122 OR 8526 1 Less than $5, 4% $5, to $99,999 14% $1, to $149,999 14% $15, to $199,999 $2, to $299,999 $3, to $499,999 $5, to $999,999 2% 1% $1,, or more 3 2 4% 4% Less than $5, $5, to $99,999 14% 12% $1, to $149,999 Washington $15, to $199,999 2 21% $2, to $299,999 29% 1 $3, to $499,999 WA 1,461,838 WA 14,991 $5, to $999,999 1% $1,, or more

2 1 Less than $5, 2 $5, to $99,999 Value of AIAN Owned Housing Units by State Idaho 3,596 19% 1 14% 14% $1, to $149,999 $15, to $199,999 22% 21% 1 9% $2, to $299,999 1 $3, to $499,999 OR 8,526 WA 14,991 $5, to $999,999 1% 1% 1% $1,, or more Computer and Internet Usage 1 9 8 7 6 5 4 91% 8 Has PC 6 7 PC with broadband 12% PC, No Internet 9% 92% 8 69% 82% No PC Has PC PC with broadband 1 1 9% PC, No Internet Idaho, AIAN N = 18,918, White N = 1,449,889 Oregon, AIAN N = 41,431, White N = 3,35,684 82% 92% 71% 84% No PC Has PC PC with broadband 1 PC, No Internet AIAN Households White Households No PC Washington, AIAN N = 92,512, White N = 5,338,7 Source: Census Bureau, 213 ACS 1-year estimates, Table B283 The figure above shows computer and internet access for Idaho, Washington, and Oregon. In Idaho, 63 percent of AIAN households have access to broadband and internet, 16 percent have a computer but no internet, and 2 percent have no computer or internet. Of the 92,512 AIAN households in Washington, 71 percent have access to broadband and a computer, a higher percentage than the other Northwest states, but still lower than the White percentages. i 21 Census American Indian and Alaska Native Summary File, DP-1