TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION FOR COMPETITIVENESS AND EMPLOYMENT

TECHNICAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL EDUCATION FOR COMPETITIVENESS AND EMPLOYMENT Marisol Forero Cárdenas Group to Strengthen Technical Vocational and Technological Education Ministry of Education - Colombia Ibero-American Seminar on Technical and Vocational Education Lima, Peru, April 23th and 24th 2011

CONTENTS The Colombian education system Higher professional technical and technological education Competitiveness and employment at professional technical and technological levels Prospects for Strengthening Technical and Technological Education

The Colombian education system CONTENTS Higher professional technical and technological education Competitiveness and employment at professional technical and technological levels Prospects for Strengthening Technical and Technological Education

Colombia Area: Since 26 º Total: 1,141,748 km ² % Water: 8.8% Borders: 6,004 miles Total population (2005) Total: 45,273,936 As 28 º Density: 38 inhabitants / km ² 32 departments 1104 municipalities with autonomy 94 Secretaries of Education IES 283.

Structure of Colombian Public Eduction Service Act 30 of 1992, Act 115 of 1994, Act 749 of 2002 and Act 1064 of 2006 Higher Education Graduate Undergraduate Media Academic Postdoctoral Doctorate Master Specialization University Professional Technological Technical professional Technical Media Programs: Occupational Training Academic Programs of Professional Training Titled and Complementary offered by SENA SNFT Continuing Education (Courses, seminars workshops, diploma courses) SNFT Secondary School Primary School Preshool Formal Education Education for occupation and human development (formerly Non formal) Non formal Education

Background and Legislation on Technical and Technological Education in Colombia 60's Creation of the Colombian Institute for Higher Education Promotion 70's Creation of the Technological and occupational Education division (ICFES). Advance of the first Plan of technological education development Basis for a National Plan of development of technological education in cooperation with the government of Great Britain (1974) Order 1358, 1974, that boosts technological education institutes to Higher education establishments Order 2267, 1976, that regulates technological careers. 80's Order 80, 1980, technological education was officially incorporated as a higher education

Background and Legislation on Technical and Technological Education in Colombia 90's Order 30, 1992, that organizes the hogher education service Order 115, 1994, general rules for regulating the Public Education Service that fulfills a social function meeting the needs and interests of individuals, families and society. 2000 Order 749, 2002, organizes the public service of higher education in technical and technological profession. CONPES 3360, 2005, resources to partially finance the project strengthening the technical and technological education in Colombia Source: MEN

Higher education in Technical and Technological Professions Its primary goal should be to generate endogenous technological capability, which enables both the creation of new technologies such as adaptation and adequacy of existing special conditions and needs for which there are no universal or standardized technology solutions The great social and economic importance of the technical professions lies in the central role in modern societies, the greater diversification and modernization of the occupational structure, for both income redistribution and the creation of more equitable societies. Gomez, VM. 2000 capacity for abstraction Systemic thinking Ability and attitude to experimentation Capacity for teamwork Creative and innovative professionals

Occupational pyramid Vs. educational pyramid in Colombia Strengthen the link with the productive sector Set profiles and roles Generate enterprise Encourage growth to generate more income generating opportunities for graduates of higher education Senior Management Manegemente Technicians Specialized Technicians 5,2% Graduate 62,4% University Professionals 26,8 % Technologists 26,8 % Technologists 5,6 % Technical Professionals Promote the education sector: Strengthening the relevance of academic programs Strengthen the offer T & T Generate more opportunities for access for students and graduates of the media Qualified Workers 5,6 % Technical Professionals Semi quilified Workers Non qualified Workers Media Education graduates and Non formal graduates Basic end secondary Education Leavers Fuente: MEN SNIES, 2011

Evolution of Higher Education enrollment by level 2006-2011 Between 2006 and 2011, undergraduate enrollment increased by 565 reaching 1.8 million students in the last year 623000 of wich were for training standards included in T & T SENA. This corresponds to a coverage rate of 37.2% It is expected that by 2014 the cover reaches 50%. This coverage will be achieved by boosting the levels of formation of T & T with a 45% of total enrollment.

CONPES 3360 of 2005 for the Strengthening of Technical and Technological Education For the development of this program the Government processed a loan from multilateral banks and signed credit agreements # 3381, 2006 with the CAF and 1081 2006 with the OPEC Fund, according to what CONPES proposed in 3360, 2005, for 5 years. Objective: Strengthen the technical and technological education by improving coverage, quality and relevance of such training, according to the needs of the productive sector, and national and regional development. Components: Support investment projects for the strengthening the offer of vocational and technological education or Strategic Partnerships (US$18 million loan and US$7 million in counterpart). 1.Support to technical and technological education programs in Regional Centres of Higher Education ($ 3.5 million loan and $ 1.5 million in counterpart). 2.Support for institutional management of the governing bodies of higher education ($ 2.1 million loan and U.S. $ 0.9 million in counterpart) 3. Management and project administration ($ 1.4 million loan and U.S. $ 0.6 million in counterpart).

Achievements of the project for Strengthening of Technical and Technological Education Goals of CONPES 3360, 2005 To date: To date: 42.884 new places created 176.926 in two ways: media education Media education students students benefit articulated con 16 years old (teachers training, (Order 749, 2002) strengthening PEIs) Autonomous demand 56.970 articulated students To date: 11 of the 16 governmental ITTs decentralized To date: 16 ITTs with indicators related to strategic goals up to 2012 Semiannual monitoring indicators since 2008 To date: 302 programs of Alliances, in 27 departments and Bogotá D.C. 20 virtual programs specifically for CERES

Achievements of the project for Strengthening of Technical and Technological Education 17

Alliances programs by Sector (3%) (1%) (37%) (58%) Agricultural industry and rural development Agricultural industry Antioquia Agricultural Cauca - Educoandes - Sugarcane Agricultural industry Risaralda Rice- Agricultural industry Santander - Aquaculture Coffee - Chain of Palm oil - Papyrus - Food - Cotton Forestry Chain Poultry biofuels Hog Amazonia en paz Biofuels (1%) Housing Building Alliance Transport Infrastructure Alliance of ports logístics Alliance of auto parts Alliance of steel chain Mining development and energy expansion Mining and energy Caribbean Alliance: Biofuels alliances: Precious metals mining Sectors based on innovation Alliance of biotechnology and the environment, Alliance of crafts - Alliance export in health, Alliance bpo & o, Digital Alliance - software and teleinformatics, Alliance of Telecommunications - CIT's Santander, Alliance of tourism valley - Alliance of tourism tolima-quindio - Alliance of ports and logistics Caribbean Alliance: mining energy, Caribbean tourism Alliance, Precious metals Mining

A GENERAL VISION Colombia Visión 2032 Conpes 3439, 2006 Private Council of Competitiveness (CPC) Develop and export economy in Goods and Services Improve the level of income per capita Develops actions to: Priortizing «Education as one of the main pillars of the short and medium term agenda, on which depends the sustainability and success of other actions being carried out Through The national competitiveness Through the National Competitiveness approved vision Colombia 2032. Source: National Competitiveness Report, Executive Summary 2011-2012 Generate high added value and innovation skills. Coverage Comprehensive early childhood care Quality in basic, media and high education Relevance Bilingualism ICT management

GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS INDEX Institutions BASIC REQUIREMENTS Rank (142 countries) 73 Points 4,5 (1-7) Sophisticated companies Innovation Infrastructure Macroeconony development Infrastructure 85 3,7 Basic health and education 78 5,6 Market size Basic health and education Higher education and training 60 4,3 Technological Preparation Development of financial market Market efficiency work Higher education and training Market goods efficiency Technological Preparation 75 3,6 INNOVATION AND SOPHISTICATION FACTORS 56 3,7 Colombia Boosting of efficient economies Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 2011 World Economic Forum Innovation 57 3,3

IMPACT FACTORS Corruption(18,0) Inadequate provision for infrastructure (12,1) Inefficient government bureaucracy (10,6) Access to financing (10,1) Tax Rates (9,0) Crime and theft(7,5) Restrictive labor regulations (7,3) Inadequately educated workforce (5,9) Tax rule (5,5) According to the report of the World Economic Forum (WEF), in Colombia the factors that negatively affect the economic and competitive development of the country are corruption (18%), low resources for infrastructure (12.1)% and policies inefficient government (10.6%). Inflation(4,0) Foreign currency regulations (3,9) Policy of instability(2,8) Poor work ethic in national workforce (1,8) Poor public health (0,7) Government instability / coup (0,5) Human capital training qualified for the new productive sectors. (Technical vocational and technological **The indicators presented in the graph correspond to the more relevant factors Education). When doing business and developing policies to promote Competitiveness according to the competitiveness report made by the Economic Forum world. Source: The Global Competitiveness Report 2011-2012 2011 World Economic Forum

Graduates at Technical and Technological Education levels 2001-2010 Graduates at Technical and Technological Professionas Level 2001-2010 Entry-level salary and involvement in formal sector of the economy of recent T&T graduates Training Level Graduates Training Level Salary % of attachment Technological 198.466 Technological $ 1.057.062 USD 594.26 75,87% *TRM 2010

Graduates attachment into labor market Studies of the Labor Observatory for Education, show that 78.8% of the total graduate population between 2001 and 2010 is attached to the formal sector of the economy. This percentage is increasing, in general, as higher levels of education are obtained.

Qualified Population employed There are 12 sectors which identify the present and future human capital needs, the most representative one is Community, social and personal services with 1.538.472 employed persons. There was a deficit, mainly of techniciansand technologists, as well as bilingualstaff. Source: CPC

Prospects for Strengthening Technical and Technological Education Position the technical and technological education as a strategy for increasing access to higher education and the transformation of the country's productive structure, generating a new quality educational offer that responds to the challenge of competitiveness and contributes to improve opportunities for Colombians. Lines of action: Deconentration and relevance: Bring more relevant T&T offer to regions under the competence approach. Education throughout life: Promote access, flexibility and mobility in the system through articulation and sequential and complementary cycles. Competitiveness and innovation: Strengthen the offer in strategic sectors, promote labor market attachment and development of enterprises. Institutional Strengthening: Modernization, selfevaluation, internationalization and accreditation of institutions and the offer of T&T

Prospects for Strengthening Technical and Technological Education Local institutions IES ETDH Productive Sector Social Organizations Call for the creation of new strategic partnerships will promote joint educational activities around productive and social needs of regions. These partnerships are aimed at transforming productive practices and boost competitiveness in the mobilizing sectors and generating greater choice tasks to professional training.

Prospects for Strengthening Technical and Technological Education To promote the quality of provision and access to the certification process of the industry, it should be strengthened skills training, exchange and permanent technological updating of the institutions and the offer T&T, promoting and developing agreements of mobilities designed to strengthen training capacity.

Thank you! Marisol Forero Cárdenas Group to Strengthen Technical Vocational and Technological Education Ministry of Education - Colombia mforero@mineducacion.gov.co