Correctional Science

Correctional Science February 2016 Needs Assessment Prepared by Danielle Pearson Date: February 8, 2016 Correctional Science Correctional Science Needs Assessment Page 1

Scope Data compiled in this report covers San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and Los Angeles counties. Data were drawn from external sources, including the Employment Development Department s California Labor Market Information and the U.S. Department of Education s Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), as well as Chaffey College s Colleague Administrative database. Data Sources and Calculations Educational Program Data TOP Code Program of Study 2105.10 Corrections The Taxonomy of Programs (TOP) is a standardized system used at the state level to classify programs and courses that are intended to achieve the same outcome at California Community Colleges. CIP Code Program of Study 43.0102 Corrections The Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP) is a standardized coding system used at the federal level to facilitate accurate tracking, assessment, and reporting of fields of study and program completion at educational institutions throughout the country. This report draws on the Corrections CIP code, which maps to the Correctionas TOP code, to compare Chaffey College to other institutions and examine employment trends. Completions Data Degree and certificate data regarding students at Chaffey College were collected from the Colleague Administrative database. Degree and certificate data for all comparison schools were collected from the U.S. Department of Education s Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). All comparison institutions included in this report are postsecondary and have provided data to IPEDS. IPEDS defines postsecondary education as a formal program designed primarily for students beyond high school age. These include academic, vocational, and continuing professional education, and exclude avocational and adult basic education programs. Occupational Data SOC Code Occupational Title 33.3012 Correctional Officers and Jailers 25.1111 Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary 33.1011 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Correctional Officers 33.1012 First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Police and Detectives The Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system is used by federal statistical agencies to classify workers into occupational categories. The Corrections CIP code was mapped to the SOC codes listed in the table above using the crosswalk described in the paragraph below. However, because the educational requirement for Postsecondary Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers is a Master s degree, labor market data for this occupation were not included in this report. Correctional Science Needs Assessment Page 2

Educational Program to Occupation Crosswalk The TOP-CIP-SOC Crosswalk (Employment Development Department, 2009) was used in this report to map TOP codes to CIP and SOC codes. This crosswalk allows the user to estimate labor market demand for California Community College program completers using SOC-based projections from the California Labor Market Information Division. Industry Data The North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) is used by federal statistical agencies to classify business establishments for the purpose of conducting and reporting research on the U.S. business economy. The Standard Occupation Classification codes are mapped to industry data by the California Labor Market Information Division. Industry information is used to observe trends across the industries that employ the occupations identified above. Correctional Science Needs Assessment Page 3

Introduction and Contents Contents Background Information 5 Regional Job Outlook 7 Largest and Fastest Growing Industry Employers 10 Regional Graduation Summary 13 Chaffey College s Performance on Core Indicators 14 Purpose and Goals Chaffey College currently offers a 27-unit Associate of Science degree and a 27-unit Certificate in Correctional Science. The 2015-2016 College Catalog program description reads as follows: This major offers the following: (1) pre-employment education for positions in the correctional sciences field; (2) upgrading for in-service personnel; (3) a certificate program; (4) an Associate of Science Degree; and (5) a transfer program for those who wish to obtain a four-year degree in the major, or allied fields, such as criminology, corrections, social services, behavioral science, or criminal justice. The purpose of this report is to integrate and analyze data from multiple sources to determine labor market needs for the Correctional Science program at Chaffey College. Regional Definitions Inland Empire includes the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) Los Angeles County includes the Los Angeles- Long Beach-Glendale Metropolitan Division Orange County includes the Santa Ana- Anaheim-Irvine Metropolitan Division Key Terms and Concepts Replacement Jobs: Replacement jobs refer to the number of job openings due to workers leaving an occupation. Annual Openings: Annual openings are calculated by adding the number of new jobs to the number of replacement jobs, divided by the number of years in the projection period. Projections: Projections of employment are calculated by the Employment Development Department and are based on a mathematical formula that includes historical employment and economic indicators along with national, state, and local trends. Occupation: Jobs are grouped into occupations using the federal Standard Occupational Classification (SOC) system. Industry: Occupations are grouped into industries using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). Wages: Hourly wages are reported in percentiles and averages. The 25th percentile is a useful proxy of entry-level wages and the 75th percentile of experienced-level wages. Correctional Science Needs Assessment Page 4

Background Information Corrections Corrections programs in California Community Colleges teach theories, principles, and techniques of providing services to incarcerated individuals. 1 The following four occupational categories provide employment opportunities for completers of Correctional Science programs. The descriptions of job duties are provided by the Occupational Information Network. 2 Correctional Officers and Jailers 2 Correctional Officers and Jailers guard inmates in penal or rehabilitative institutions. They may also guard prisoners in transit between jail, the courtroom, prison, or some other location. This job category includes deputy sheriffs and police officers who spend the majority of their time guarding prisoners in correctional institutions. Typical Tasks Conduct head counts to ensure that each prisoner is present Monitor conduct of prisoners in housing unit, or during work or recreational activities, according to established policies, regulations, and procedures, to prevent escape or violence Inspect conditions of locks, window bars, grills, doors, and gates at correctional facilities to ensure security and help prevent escapes Record information, such as prisoner identification, changes, and incidences of inmate disturbance, and keep daily logs of prisoner activities Search prisoners and vehicles and conduct shakedowns of cells for valuables and contraband, such as weapons or drugs Use weapons, handcuffs, and physical force to maintain discipline and order among prisoners Inspect mail for the presence of contraband Guard facility entrances to screen visitors Maintain records of prisoners identification and charges Process or book convicted individuals into prison 1 California Community Colleges, Chancellor s Office, Taxonomy of Programs, Sixth Edition (Corrected Version). 2 O*Net Online: http://www.onetonline.org/find/ Correctional Science Needs Assessment Page 5

First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Correctional Officers 2 Correctional Officer Supervisors directly supervise and coordinate activities of correctional officers and jailers. Typical Tasks Maintain order, discipline, and security within assigned areas in accordance with relevant rules, regulations, policies, and laws Take, receive, and check periodic inmate counts Respond to emergencies, such as escapes Supervise and direct the work of correctional officers to ensure the safe custody, discipline, and welfare of inmates Restrain, secure, or control offenders, using chemical agents, firearms, or other weapons of force as necessary Resolve problems between inmates Supervise or perform searches of inmates or their quarters to locate contraband items Monitor behavior of subordinates to ensure alert, courteous, and professional behavior toward inmates, parolees, fellow employees, visitors, and the public Complete administrative paperwork or supervise the preparation or maintenance of records, forms, or reports First-Line Supervisors/Managers of Police and Detectives 2 Police and Detective Supervisors directly supervise and coordinate activities of members of the police force. Typical Tasks Supervise and coordinate the investigation of criminal cases, offering guidance and expertise to investigators, and ensuring that procedures are conducted in accordance with laws and regulations Maintain logs, prepare reports, and direct the preparation, handling, and maintenance of departmental records Explain police operations to subordinates to assist them in performing their job duties Cooperate with court personnel and officials from other law enforcement agencies and testify in court as necessary Review contents of written orders to ensure adherence to legal requirements Investigate and resolve personnel problems with organization and charges of misconduct against staff Direct collection, preparation, and handling of evidence and personal property of prisoners Inform personnel of changes in regulations and policies, implications of new or amended laws, and new techniques of police work Train staff in proper police work procedures Monitor and evaluate the job performance of subordinates, and authorize promotions and transfers Correctional Science Needs Assessment Page 6

Regional Job Outlook Projected Regional Job Outlook The table below displays 2012 employment estimates and 2022 projections for the occupations in which Corrections program completers are typically employed. Each of these three occupations is expected to experience little to no growth over the ten year period. Orange County is expecting to reduce both Correctional Officer and Jailer positions and First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives. Total Estimated 2012 Jobs Total Projected 2022 Jobs Projected Growth (%) Ave. Annual New Job Openings Ave. Annual Replacement Job Openings Ave. Annual Total Job Openings Correctional Officers and Jailers State of California 37,300 39,600 2,300 (6.2%) 230 990 1,220 Inland Empire 4,750 4,990 240 (5.1%) 24 126 150 Los Angeles CO 3,740 3,920 180 (4.8%) 18 99 117 Orange CO 920 880-40 (-4.4%) -4 28 24 First-Line Supervisors/ Managers of Correctional Officers State of California 4,800 5,100 300 (6.3%) 30 160 190 Inland Empire 560 580 20 (3.6%) 2 20 22 Los Angeles CO 150 150 0 (0.0%) 0 5 5 Orange CO -- -- -- -- -- -- First-Line Supervisors/ Managers of Police and Detectives State of California -- -- -- -- -- -- Inland Empire 290 300 10 (3.5%) 1 9 10 Los Angeles CO 990 1,020 30 (3.0%) 3 29 32 Orange CO 160 150-10 (-6.3%) -1 6 5 -- Indicates there are no data available. Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Occupation Profile, on the Internet at: http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/ (visited February 9, 2016). Correctional Science Needs Assessment Page 7

Projected Regional Job Growth The graphs below show the projected growth from 2012 to 2022 in occupations that typically employ individuals who complete a Corrections degree or certificate. All four occupations are expected to experience very low growth, with First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers and First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives experiencing the lowest growth. 50 Correctional Officers and Jailers 40 % Growth 30 20 10 6.2 5.1 4.8 0-10 California Inland Empire Los Angeles County -4.4 Orange County 50 First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers 40 % Growth 30 20 10 0 6.3 3.6 California Inland Empire Los Angeles County 0 N/A Orange County Correctional Science Needs Assessment Page 8

First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives 50 40 % Growth 30 20 10 0 N/A 3.5 3-10 California Inland Empire Los Angeles County -6.3 Orange County Note: N/A indicates that data were not available for that region. Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Occupation Profile, on the Internet at: http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/ (visited February 9, 2016). Regional Hourly Wages This table displays the first quarter 2015 hourly wage statistics of individuals employed in occupations that employ Corrections program completers. Supervisors of Police and Detectives earn the highest wages among these occupations, with median hourly wages ranging from approximately $62 - $65/hr, depending on experience and region. No wage data were available specific to Orange County. Mean Hourly Rate 25 th Percentile Median Hourly Rate 75 th Percentile Correctional Officers and Jailers State of California $33.84 $28.66 $36.97 $39.02 Inland Empire $34.22 $29.19 $37.21 $39.02 Los Angeles CO $27.96 $23.93 $27.04 $29.99 Orange CO -- -- -- -- First-Line Supervisors/ Managers of Correctional Officers State of California $44.04 $41.64 $43.87 $46.52 Inland Empire $44.83 $42.93 $43.88 $46.85 Los Angeles CO $43.65 $40.55 $43.29 $46.67 Orange CO -- -- -- -- First-Line Supervisors/ Managers of Police and Detectives State of California $61.24 $46.70 $62.78 $73.34 Inland Empire $60.91 $45.06 $63.85 $73.34 Los Angeles CO $64.44 $52.81 $65.35 $74.54 Orange CO -- -- -- -- -- Indicates there are no data available. Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Occupation Profile, on the Internet at: http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/ (visited February 9, 2016). Correctional Science Needs Assessment Page 9

Largest and Fastest Growing Industry Employers Largest Industry Employers of Corrections Occupations The graphs below display the 2012 staffing patterns of the industries that employ the largest numbers of each of the three Corrections-related occupational groups across the state of California. By and large, most graduates in this field will find employment in state, local, or federal government. 25000 Correctional Officers and Jailers Number of Employees 20000 15000 10000 5000 0 State Government Local Government Federal Government Facilities Support Services Number of Employees 4500 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers State Government Local Government Federal Government Correctional Science Needs Assessment Page 10

Number of Employees 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives State Government Local Government Federal Government Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Staffing Patterns, on the Internet at: http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/iomatrix/staffing-patterns2.asp (visited February 9, 2016). Change Over Time of the Largest Industry Employers of Corrections Occupations The graphs below display projections of change over time from 2012-2022 of the largest industries employing Corrections-related occupations in the state of California. Minimal growth is expected among these three industries, apart from the hiring of Correctional Officers and Jailers in Facilities Support Services. 50% 40% Correctional Officers and Jailers 42.9% Percent Change 30% 20% 10% 0% 5.9% 7.6% -10% -20% State Government Local Government -11.1% Federal Government Facilities Support Services Correctional Science Needs Assessment Page 11

First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers Percent Change 10% 0% -10% -20% -30% -40% 4.9% 0.0% -50% -60% -50.0% State Government Local Government Federal Government First-Line Supervisors of Police and Detectives Percent Change 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% -10% -20% 5.9% 7.7% -14.3% State Government Local Government Federal Government Source: Labor Market Information Division, Employment Development Department, Staffing Patterns, on the Internet at: http://www.labormarketinfo.edd.ca.gov/iomatrix/staffing-patterns2.asp (visited February 9, 2016). Correctional Science Needs Assessment Page 12

Regional Graduation Summary Education and Training 3 Correctional officers must have at least a high school diploma or equivalent, although some state and local corrections agencies additionally require some college credits. For employment in federal prisons, the Federal Bureau of Prisons requires entry-level correctional officers to have at least a bachelor s degree or 3 years of full-time experience in a field providing counseling, assistance, or supervision to individuals. Correctional officers go through a training academy and then are assigned to a facility for onthe-job training. Occupation Title Correctional Officers and Jailers First-Line Supervisors/ Managers of Correctional Officers First-Line Supervisors/ Managers of Police and Detectives Minimum Educational Requirement Moderate-term on-the-job training (1-12 months) Work experience in a related occupation Work experience in a related occupation Regional Completers in Corrections Programs The table below displays the number of program completers in the 2013-14 academic year at regional institutions offering an associate s degree or certificate in Corrections. Besides Chaffey College, there are 9 institutions offering degrees and/or certificates below the baccalaureate level. Chaffey and East Los Angeles College produce the most program completers. Institution Name < 1 year Certificate 1 to < 2 year Certificate Award Level Associate s Degree 2 to < 4 year Certificate Chaffey College 14 -- 13 -- East Los Angeles College 35 -- -- -- Golden West College -- -- 6 -- Los Angeles Trade Technical College -- 1 -- -- Moreno Valley College 2 -- -- -- Mt. San Antonio College -- 0 0 -- Rio Hondo College -- -- 8 -- Saddleback College -- 2 2 -- San Bernardino Valley College 3 -- -- -- Santa Ana College 0 -- -- -- Total 54 3 29 -- Note: -- indicates that this type of degree is not offered. 0 indicates that this degree/certificate level is offered but no degrees or certificates were granted. Source: National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System, on the Internet at: http://www.nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/ (visited February 9, 2016) 3 Bureau of Labor Statistics, Occupational Outlook Handbook, on the Internet at: http://www.bls.gov/ooh/ (visited February 9, 2016). Correctional Science Needs Assessment Page 13

Chaffey College s Performance on Core Indicators The Perkins IV Career and Technical Education Improvement Act of 2006 mandates that all state and local postsecondary institutions provide data on six core performance indicators for their career and technical education programs. These indicators are: 1) Technical Skill Attainment; 2) Completions; 3) Persistence and Transfer; 4) Employment; 5) Nontraditional Participation; and 6) Nontraditional Completion. Performance goals are set at the state and local levels and progress is monitored based on a comparison between the actual percentage of students who master each performance area and the negotiated levels of performance. 2014-2015 Chaffey College Performance on Core Indicators The table below displays negotiated and actual core performance indicator levels for all Chaffey College students classified under the Corrections TOP code. Chaffey has performed above negotiated levels on 2 of the 6 core performance indicators: Non-traditional Participation and Non-traditional Completions. Core Performance Indicators Negotiated Level State District Chaffey College Performance Percent Above or Below District Negotiated Level Corrections Core 1 Technical Skill Attainment 89.50% 89.50% 88.65% -0.8 Core 2 Completions- Credential, Certificate, Degree, or Transfer Ready 81.50% 75.61% 61.29% -14.3 Core 3 Persistence and Transfer 86.50% 83.24% 77.86% -5.4 Core 4 Employment 80.85% 77.65% 64.15% -13.5 Core 5a Non-traditional Participation 22.60% 20.29% 56.74% 36.4 Core 5b Non-traditional Completions 26.50% 22.49% 57.45% 35.0 Source: CA Community Colleges Reporting Services, Corrections, College Core Indicator Information by 6-Digit TOP (2014-2015 Financial Year Planning). Correctional Science Needs Assessment Page 14