of Foreign Stud Doctoral Thesis (Tokyo University LIST OF TABLES

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1 ies) LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Lexical similarity percentage (Backstrom 1992: 40)... 7 Table 2. Main reference texts from previous studies Table 3. Summary of fieldwork Table 4. Personal information of principal consultants Table 5. Main reference texts from my field data Table 6. Consonants Table 7. Vowels Table 8. Type-I personal prefixes (@-) Table 9. Type-II personal prefixes ( - ) Table 10. Type-III personal prefixes ( - ) Table 11. Three morphological groups of countable nouns with many Table 12. Distribution of the major types of plural suffixes Table 13. Relation between the countability and the function Table 14. sis person, people with or without a general number suffix Table 15. men who with or without a general number suffix Table 16. bes what with or without a general number suffix Table 17. Case markings with nouns of each class Table 18. Details of position-direction combinations Table 19. Nominaliser suffixes Table 20. Demonstrative and interrogative adjectives Table 21. Morphemes of the class-number axis Table 22. Morphemes, frames and forms of the demonstrative axis in two series Table 23. Personal pronouns Table 24. Declension of personal pronouns Table 25. Demonstrative and interrogative pronouns Table 26. Emphatic pronoun -i Table 27. More Emphatic pronoun - -i Table 28. Reflexive 81 Table 29. Declension with personal prefixes Table 30. Adjectivaliser suffixes (in part) Table 31. Cardinal numerals Table 32. Ordinal numerals vii

2 ies) Table 33.Classifier suffixes for numerals Table 34. Numeral roots Table 35. Classified numeral nouns n day(s) Table 36. The supplementary alternation of the copula root in the three major dialects Table 37. Basic personal suffixes for copula Table 38. Basic stems of copula Table 39. Imperfective stems of copula Table 40. Relation between the features of roots and the transitivity of stems Table 41. Suppletive distribution of stems for give and eat Table 42. Suppletive distribution of stems for come and go Table 43. Plural stems (extracted from Berger 1998c) Table 44. Labelling by each scholar for -m Table 45. Indicative personal suffixes for verbs Table 46. Present forms of copula Table 47. Past forms of copula Table 48. Functions of simple finite forms of verb in indicative Table 49. Simple finite forms of še- to eat (Y.OBJ) : 3SG.HF Table 50. Future forms of šé- to eat (Y.OBJ) Table 51. Future forms of girmín- to write Table 52. Future forms of - to become Table 53. Simple past forms of šé- to eat (Y.OBJ) Table 54. Simple past forms of girmín- to write Table 55. Simple past forms of - to become Table 56. Simple past forms of - to come Table 57. Prospective forms of šé- to eat (Y.OBJ) Table 58. Prospective forms of girmín- to write Table 59. Prospective forms of - to become Table 60. Prospective forms of - to come Table 61. Prospective forms of ní- to go in Nager Table 62. Functions of complex finite forms of verb in indicative Table 63. Complex finite forms of še- to eat (Y.OBJ) : 3SG.HF Table 64. Present forms of šé- to eat (Y.OBJ) Table 65. Present forms of girmín- to write Table 66. Present forms of - to become Table 67. Past imperfect forms of šé- to eat (Y.OBJ) viii

3 ies) Table 68. Past imperfect forms of girmín- to write Table 69. Present perfect forms of šé- to eat (Y.OBJ) Table 70. Present perfect forms of girmín- to write Table 71. Present perfect forms of - to become Table 72. Present perfect forms of - to come Table 73. Past perfect forms of šé- to eat (Y.OBJ) Table 74. Past perfect forms of girmín- to write Table 75. Past perfect forms of - to become Table 76. Imperative forms of girmín- to write Table 77. Imperative forms of - to become Table 78. Optative personal suffixes for verbs Table 79. Optative personal suffixes for copulas Table 80. Optative finite forms of šé- to eat (Y.OBJ) Table 81. Optative finite forms of girmín- to write Table 82. Optative finite forms of - to become Table 83. Optative finite forms of copula Table 84. Conditional forms of šé- to eat (Y.OBJ) Table 85. Conditional forms of girmín- to write Table 86. Conditional forms of the copula Table 87. Negative present forms of copula Table 88. Negative past forms of copula Table 89. The distribution of the negative morpheme in Nager Table 90. The distribution of the negative morpheme in Hunza Table 91. Non-finite forms of verbs Table 92. Conjunctive participle forms of ní- to go Table 93. Perfective participle forms of - to come Table 94. Conjunctive participle forms of - to come Table 95. (General) infinitve forms of copula Table 96. Perfective participle forms of copula Table 97. Imperfective participle forms of copula Table 98. Finalis forms of copula Table 99. Paradigm ŋ hand with personal prefix Table 100. Echo-forms ŋ hand only with /š/ FSM Table 101. Echo-forms ŋ hand with /š/ and /m/ FSMs Table 102. Correlation between vowels and degrees Table 103. Function of vowel lengthening ix

4 ies) Table 104. Function of reduplication Table 105. Classification of converbs according to Tikkanen (1995) Table 106. Rearranged converbs Table 107. Rearranged converbal analytic expressions Table 108. Converbs and converbal analytic expressions Table 109. Ratio of distal to proximal reference Table 110. Components of transitivity (Hopper and Thompson 1980: 252) Table 111. Three types of personal prefixes Table 112. Extension examples of each nominal class Table 113. Subject suffixes for verbs Table 114: Subject suffixes for copulas Table 115. Temporal labels which finite verbs can be conjugated in Table 116. Ø- vs. I-stem pairs of intransitive verbs Table 117. Ø- vs. I-stem pairs of transitive verbs Table 118. Sample texts Table 119. The numbers of each stem Table 120. Distribution of c/overt objects of each stem Table 121. Distribution of overt objects to the nominal class Table 122. Distribution on number of X-class overt objects Table 123. Distribution on number of Y-class overt objects Table 124. Definiteness of X/Y-class overt objects Table 125. Average distances of X/Y-class overt objects occurring in the same clause 261 Table 126. The hierarchy of verb stems in Burushaski Table 127. Relation between the features of bases and the transitivity of stems Table 128. Combinations and abbreviations of verb stems Table 129. d-less transitive and d-prefixed resultataive verbs Table 130. Two pairs possibly with resultative interpretation Table 131. Pairs of d-less andative and d-prefixed venitive verbs Table 132. Other d-verbs possible to be considered as venitive Table 133. Fientive verb stems Table 134. Secondary stative verb stems Table 135. Transitive Ø-I-stem and intransitive d-ø-stem verbs Table 136. Pairs of stems with and without d- prefix in the same meaning Table 137. Correlation between demonstratives and -an in texts from Hunza Table 138. Correlation between hin/han/hik one and -an in texts from Hunza Table 139. Distribution of singular nouns along specificity and referentiality x

5 ies) Table 140. Distribution of all plural nouns in the text čh oe ás Table 141. Distribution of plural nouns along specificity and referentiality Table 142. Formal distribution of copular predicate arguments on polarity and referentiality Table 143. Relation between grammatical roles and information flow Table 144. Relation between grammatical roles and shapes of nominal phrases Table 145. Distance of the arguments of each role from the predicate Table 146. Rate of following the predicate Table 147. Distance of the locatives of each kind of clauses from the predicate xi