Hindi-Urdu Phrase Structure Annotation
|
|
- Hilary Hubbard
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Hindi-Urdu Phrase Structure Annotation Rajesh Bhatt and Owen Rambow January 12, Design Principle: Minimal Commitments Binary Branching Representations. Mostly lexical projections (P,, AP, AdvP) and one functional projection CP. Full clauses are treated as s, no node labelled S or IP. oun phrases are treated as Ps, no DPs or PPs. Auxiliaries are handled a verbs that combine with s. CPs are postulated only when there is evidence for a complementizer. o structural representation of agreement or case. o primitive notion of subject or object. Attempt to keep analyses uniform: there is always an X and an XP even if there is only one word in the XP. Two arguments of the verb have a canonical word order with respect to each other and the verb. Deviations from this are indicated via traces and coindexation. 1
2 2 Central Assumption (1) The syntax of Hindi-Urdu clauses structurally distinguishes at most two positions. These positions are the [Specifier,] position and the [Complement,] positions. Two distinct arguments: Simple Transitive (2) ne kiwaba parhi Erg book.f read.pfv.f read the book. P P K P ne kiwaba parhi (3) Diagnostics for the high argument: a. When unmarked, it controls agreement. akbara parhegi.f newspaper.m read.fut.fsg will read the newspaper. b. In non-finite embedded clauses, it becomes null. ne [ dilli jana] caha Erg Delhi go.inf want.pfv wanted to go to Delhi. c. In the obligational construction, it bears dative case. ko akbara parhna he Dat newspaper read.inf be.prs.sg has to read the newspaper. 2
3 (4) Diagnostics for the low argument: a. When high argument is marked, low argument controls agreement: rama ne kiwaba parhi Ram.m Erg book.f read.pfv.f Ram read the book. b. In non-finite embedded clauses, it remains overt and can control agreement: ne [ akbara parhna] caha Erg newspaper read.inf want.pfv wanted to read the newspaper. c. Depending upon its specificity and animacy, it be marked with ko ne akbara ko parha Erg newspaper Acc read.pfv read the newspaper. Using these diagnostics, we can distinguish true transitives from pseudotransitives. (5) a. rama dilli jaega Ram.m Delhi.f go.fut.msg Ram will go to Delhi. b. Obligational construction: dilli does not control agreement rama Ram ko dillii jana/*jani he Dat Delhi go.inf/*go.inf.f be.prs Ram has to go to Delhi. 3
4 2.1 Intransitives When there is only one distinct argument as in unaccusatives (e.g. TUTnaa break ) and in unergatives (e.g. hãs-naa laugh ), there is a question whether we still have two structurally distinguished positions or just one. One possible treatment: Unergatives Unaccusative P P i t i In principle, there are a number of diagnostics that can help distinguish between unaccusatives and unergatives but in practice, the distinction can be tricky. One possibility is to make the distinction at the level of the lexicon/propbank and assign both unaccusatives and unergatives the following simplex structure. P 2.2 Passives The single argument in the passive of a transitive occupies both the high and the low position. (6) keka kala banaya jaega cake tomorrow make.pfv FO.Fut.MSg The cake will be made tomorrow. 4
5 P i AdvP keka kala P t i banaya jaega 2.3 Ditransitives and Others The assumption that there are only two structurally distinguished positions has the effect that we do not make a distinction between clear cases of adjuncts (temporal, locative, manner, reason, and other adverbials) and cases of putative arguments. These include: (7) a. Dative arguments in ditransitives (8) rama Ram b. Dative subjects in dative subject verbs c. erbs with quirky objects (instrumentals, locatives) ne mina ko kala eka kiwaba di Erg Mina Dat yesterday a book give.pfv.f Ram gave a book to Mina yesterday. 5
6 P P K ne P rama P mina K ko AdvP kala P kiwaba D eka - note that the dative argument Mina ko and the temporal adverb kala are both represented as adjuncts on. - the argumenthood of Mina ko could be identified at the lexical level and indicated as a diacritic on the phrase structure. It could also be inherited from the PDG annotation. - while the distinction between temporal adverbials and dative arguments is a clear one, other cases are harder to adjudicate. For example, locative arguments of motion verbs and benefactive arguments of creation verbs. di 3 Scrambling and Traces Traces are used to represent to indicate scrambling. (9) The basic structure is as discussed earlier. a. egation is adjoined to. b. Adverbs are adjoined to and. c. If arguments appear in an order other than the order in the basic structure, the reordering is indicated via traces. d. The reordering of adjuncts does not necessarily involve traces. 6
7 (10) a. [ P akbara i [ P [ t i parhegi]]] newspaper.f read.fut.fsg The newspaper, will read. b. [ P [ akbara i [ kala [ t i parhegi]]]].f newspaper tomorrow read.fut.f will read the newspaper tomorrow. c. Putatively non-canonical word order, but no traces: [ P Sita ko [ P Ram ne [ kitaab dii]]] Sita Dat Ram Erg book.f give.pfv.f Ram gave Sita a book. d. Extraction of possessor, traces: [ P [Sita kii] i [ P [ P Ram ne [ [ P t i kitaab] parhii]] Sita Gen.f Ram Erg book.f read.pfv.f hai]] be.prs Ram read Sita s book. (literally: Sita s, Ram read book.) 4 Representation of ull Elements If there is a low argument and the high argument is missing, the high argument is realized as a pro, a silent pronoun. If we have evidence that there is a low argument but it is not overt, then the missing argument is also realized as a pro. Other elements that are missing (adjuncts, datives, etc.) are not explicitly represented. 7
Argument structure and theta roles
Argument structure and theta roles Introduction to Syntax, EGG Summer School 2017 András Bárány ab155@soas.ac.uk 26 July 2017 Overview Where we left off Arguments and theta roles Some consequences of theta
More informationApproaches to control phenomena handout Obligatory control and morphological case: Icelandic and Basque
Approaches to control phenomena handout 6 5.4 Obligatory control and morphological case: Icelandic and Basque Icelandinc quirky case (displaying properties of both structural and inherent case: lexically
More informationInleiding Taalkunde. Docent: Paola Monachesi. Blok 4, 2001/ Syntax 2. 2 Phrases and constituent structure 2. 3 A minigrammar of Italian 3
Inleiding Taalkunde Docent: Paola Monachesi Blok 4, 2001/2002 Contents 1 Syntax 2 2 Phrases and constituent structure 2 3 A minigrammar of Italian 3 4 Trees 3 5 Developing an Italian lexicon 4 6 S(emantic)-selection
More informationHindi Aspectual Verb Complexes
Hindi Aspectual Verb Complexes HPSG-09 1 Introduction One of the goals of syntax is to termine how much languages do vary, in the hope to be able to make hypothesis about how much natural languages can
More informationUnaccusativity and Case Licensing
May 7, 2007 McGill University Unaccusativity and Case Licensing Rajesh Bhatt University of Massachusetts at Amherst bhatt@linguist.umass.edu 1 Overview The licensing of overt arguments and case Argument
More informationBasic Syntax. Doug Arnold We review some basic grammatical ideas and terminology, and look at some common constructions in English.
Basic Syntax Doug Arnold doug@essex.ac.uk We review some basic grammatical ideas and terminology, and look at some common constructions in English. 1 Categories 1.1 Word level (lexical and functional)
More informationControl and Boundedness
Control and Boundedness Having eliminated rules, we would expect constructions to follow from the lexical categories (of heads and specifiers of syntactic constructions) alone. Combinatory syntax simply
More informationA Computational Evaluation of Case-Assignment Algorithms
A Computational Evaluation of Case-Assignment Algorithms Miles Calabresi Advisors: Bob Frank and Jim Wood Submitted to the faculty of the Department of Linguistics in partial fulfillment of the requirements
More informationUniversal Grammar 2. Universal Grammar 1. Forms and functions 1. Universal Grammar 3. Conceptual and surface structure of complex clauses
Universal Grammar 1 evidence : 1. crosslinguistic investigation of properties of languages 2. evidence from language acquisition 3. general cognitive abilities 1. Properties can be reflected in a.) structural
More informationDeveloping a TT-MCTAG for German with an RCG-based Parser
Developing a TT-MCTAG for German with an RCG-based Parser Laura Kallmeyer, Timm Lichte, Wolfgang Maier, Yannick Parmentier, Johannes Dellert University of Tübingen, Germany CNRS-LORIA, France LREC 2008,
More informationTheoretical Syntax Winter Answers to practice problems
Linguistics 325 Sturman Theoretical Syntax Winter 2017 Answers to practice problems 1. Draw trees for the following English sentences. a. I have not been running in the mornings. 1 b. Joel frequently sings
More informationThe subject of adjectives: Syntactic position and semantic interpretation
The subject of adjectives: Syntactic position and semantic interpretation Aya Meltzer-ASSCHER Abstract It is widely accepted that subjects of verbs are base-generated within the (extended) verbal projection.
More informationSom and Optimality Theory
Som and Optimality Theory This article argues that the difference between English and Norwegian with respect to the presence of a complementizer in embedded subject questions is attributable to a larger
More informationThe Structure of Relative Clauses in Maay Maay By Elly Zimmer
I Introduction A. Goals of this study The Structure of Relative Clauses in Maay Maay By Elly Zimmer 1. Provide a basic documentation of Maay Maay relative clauses First time this structure has ever been
More informationKorean ECM Constructions and Cyclic Linearization
Korean ECM Constructions and Cyclic Linearization DONGWOO PARK University of Maryland, College Park 1 Introduction One of the peculiar properties of the Korean Exceptional Case Marking (ECM) constructions
More informationCAS LX 522 Syntax I. Long-distance wh-movement. Long distance wh-movement. Islands. Islands. Locality. NP Sea. NP Sea
19 CAS LX 522 Syntax I wh-movement and locality (9.1-9.3) Long-distance wh-movement What did Hurley say [ CP he was writing ]? This is a question: The highest C has a [Q] (=[clause-type:q]) feature and
More informationTHE FU CTIO OF ACCUSATIVE CASE I MO GOLIA *
THE FU CTIO OF ACCUSATIVE CASE I MO GOLIA * DOLGOR GUNTSETSEG University of Stuttgart 1xxIntroduction This paper deals with a puzzle relating to the accusative case marker -(i)g in Mongolian and its function,
More informationConstraining X-Bar: Theta Theory
Constraining X-Bar: Theta Theory Carnie, 2013, chapter 8 Kofi K. Saah 1 Learning objectives Distinguish between thematic relation and theta role. Identify the thematic relations agent, theme, goal, source,
More informationChapter 3: Semi-lexical categories. nor truly functional. As Corver and van Riemsdijk rightly point out, There is more
Chapter 3: Semi-lexical categories 0 Introduction While lexical and functional categories are central to current approaches to syntax, it has been noticed that not all categories fit perfectly into this
More informationCase government vs Case agreement: modelling Modern Greek case attraction phenomena in LFG
Case government vs Case agreement: modelling Modern Greek case attraction phenomena in LFG Dr. Kakia Chatsiou, University of Essex achats at essex.ac.uk Explorations in Syntactic Government and Subcategorisation,
More informationAn Introduction to the Minimalist Program
An Introduction to the Minimalist Program Luke Smith University of Arizona Summer 2016 Some findings of traditional syntax Human languages vary greatly, but digging deeper, they all have distinct commonalities:
More informationThe presence of interpretable but ungrammatical sentences corresponds to mismatches between interpretive and productive parsing.
Lecture 4: OT Syntax Sources: Kager 1999, Section 8; Legendre et al. 1998; Grimshaw 1997; Barbosa et al. 1998, Introduction; Bresnan 1998; Fanselow et al. 1999; Gibson & Broihier 1998. OT is not a theory
More informationWords come in categories
Nouns Words come in categories D: A grammatical category is a class of expressions which share a common set of grammatical properties (a.k.a. word class or part of speech). Words come in categories Open
More informationContext Free Grammars. Many slides from Michael Collins
Context Free Grammars Many slides from Michael Collins Overview I An introduction to the parsing problem I Context free grammars I A brief(!) sketch of the syntax of English I Examples of ambiguous structures
More informationMinimalism is the name of the predominant approach in generative linguistics today. It was first
Minimalism Minimalism is the name of the predominant approach in generative linguistics today. It was first introduced by Chomsky in his work The Minimalist Program (1995) and has seen several developments
More informationProof Theory for Syntacticians
Department of Linguistics Ohio State University Syntax 2 (Linguistics 602.02) January 5, 2012 Logics for Linguistics Many different kinds of logic are directly applicable to formalizing theories in syntax
More informationTHE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES
THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMANITIES & SOCIAL STUDIES PRO and Control in Lexical Functional Grammar: Lexical or Theory Motivated? Evidence from Kikuyu Njuguna Githitu Bernard Ph.D. Student, University
More informationAgree or Move? On Partial Control Anna Snarska, Adam Mickiewicz University
PLM, 14 September 2007 Agree or Move? On Partial Control Anna Snarska, Adam Mickiewicz University 1. Introduction While in the history of generative grammar the distinction between Obligatory Control (OC)
More informationToday we examine the distribution of infinitival clauses, which can be
Infinitival Clauses Today we examine the distribution of infinitival clauses, which can be a) the subject of a main clause (1) [to vote for oneself] is objectionable (2) It is objectionable to vote for
More informationSyntactic Agreement. Roberta D Alessandro 18 November 2015
Syntactic Agreement Roberta D Alessandro 18 November 2015 1 Syntactic vs Morphological agr. Syntactic vs morphological agreement Do we need morphology to know that Agree has taken place? (1) Jij loopt
More information1/20 idea. We ll spend an extra hour on 1/21. based on assigned readings. so you ll be ready to discuss them in class
If we cancel class 1/20 idea We ll spend an extra hour on 1/21 I ll give you a brief writing problem for 1/21 based on assigned readings Jot down your thoughts based on your reading so you ll be ready
More informationOn the Notion Determiner
On the Notion Determiner Frank Van Eynde University of Leuven Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar Michigan State University Stefan Müller (Editor) 2003
More informationPROBLEMS IN ADJUNCT CARTOGRAPHY: A CASE STUDY NG PEI FANG FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR
PROBLEMS IN ADJUNCT CARTOGRAPHY: A CASE STUDY NG PEI FANG FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND LINGUISTICS UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA KUALA LUMPUR 2012 PROBLEMS IN ADJUNCT CARTOGRAPHY: A CASE STUDY NG PEI FANG SUBMITTED
More informationAdvanced Grammar in Use
Advanced Grammar in Use A self-study reference and practice book for advanced learners of English Third Edition with answers and CD-ROM cambridge university press cambridge, new york, melbourne, madrid,
More informationThe semantics of case *
The semantics of case * ANNABEL CORMACK 1 Introduction As it is currently understood within P&P theory, the Case module appears to be a purely syntactic condition, contributing to regulating the syntactic
More informationCalifornia Department of Education English Language Development Standards for Grade 8
Section 1: Goal, Critical Principles, and Overview Goal: English learners read, analyze, interpret, and create a variety of literary and informational text types. They develop an understanding of how language
More informationGrammars & Parsing, Part 1:
Grammars & Parsing, Part 1: Rules, representations, and transformations- oh my! Sentence VP The teacher Verb gave the lecture 2015-02-12 CS 562/662: Natural Language Processing Game plan for today: Review
More informationDerivational: Inflectional: In a fit of rage the soldiers attacked them both that week, but lost the fight.
Final Exam (120 points) Click on the yellow balloons below to see the answers I. Short Answer (32pts) 1. (6) The sentence The kinder teachers made sure that the students comprehended the testable material
More informationIn Udmurt (Uralic, Russia) possessors bear genitive case except in accusative DPs where they receive ablative case.
Sören E. Worbs The University of Leipzig Modul 04-046-2015 soeren.e.worbs@gmail.de November 22, 2016 Case stacking below the surface: On the possessor case alternation in Udmurt (Assmann et al. 2014) 1
More information1 The Indo-Aryan Languages: a tour
24.956 Topics in the Syntax of the Modern Indo-Aryan Languages February 7, 2003 1.2 East of the Hindi Belt The following languages are quite closely related: Assamese (Assam) Bengali (West Bengal, Tripura,
More informationDirect and Indirect Passives in East Asian. C.-T. James Huang Harvard University
Direct and Indirect Passives in East Asian C.-T. James Huang Harvard University 8.20-22.2002 I. Direct and Indirect Passives (1) Direct (as in 2a) Passive Inclusive (as in 2b) Indirect Exclusive (Adversative,
More informationGrammar Extraction from Treebanks for Hindi and Telugu
Grammar Extraction from Treebanks for Hindi and Telugu Prasanth Kolachina, Sudheer Kolachina, Anil Kumar Singh, Samar Husain, Viswanatha Naidu,Rajeev Sangal and Akshar Bharati Language Technologies Research
More information2 The Components of the Passives. 1 Basic Issues. 2.1 Analytic Passives. Passives are analytical in most but not all Modern Indo-Aryan languages.
2 The Components of the Passives 1 Basic Issues Form: analytic or synthetic 24.956 Topics in the Syntax of the Modern Indo-Aryan Languages March 14, 2003 Passivization Optional Promotion, Exceptions to
More informationUpdate on Soar-based language processing
Update on Soar-based language processing Deryle Lonsdale (and the rest of the BYU NL-Soar Research Group) BYU Linguistics lonz@byu.edu Soar 2006 1 NL-Soar Soar 2006 2 NL-Soar developments Discourse/robotic
More informationTHE INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE TEACHING
THE INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGE TEACHING ISSN 2502-2946 Vol. 1 No. 1, January 2016 pp. 26-39 USING THETA ROLE PRINCIPLE IN VOCABULARY MATERIAL DEVELOPMENT: A CASE OF VERB TAKE. Saiful Akhyar
More informationLexical Categories and the Projection of Argument Structure
Lexical Categories and the Projection of Argument Structure KEN HALE &]AY KEYSER (Massachusetts nstitute of Technology) O. ntroduction 1 The Linguistic entity commonly referred to by means of the term
More informationThe optimal placement of up and ab A comparison 1
The optimal placement of up and ab A comparison 1 Nicole Dehé Humboldt-University, Berlin December 2002 1 Introduction This paper presents an optimality theoretic approach to the transitive particle verb
More informationA Minimalist Approach to Code-Switching. In the field of linguistics, the topic of bilingualism is a broad one. There are many
Schmidt 1 Eric Schmidt Prof. Suzanne Flynn Linguistic Study of Bilingualism December 13, 2013 A Minimalist Approach to Code-Switching In the field of linguistics, the topic of bilingualism is a broad one.
More informationIS THERE A PASSIVE IN DHOLUO?
Studies in African Linguistics Volume 28, Number 1, Spring 1999 IS THERE A PASSIVE IN DHOLUO? Eunita D. A. Ochola University of South Carolina Kenyatta University This article presents an analysis of a
More informationUnderlying and Surface Grammatical Relations in Greek consider
0 Underlying and Surface Grammatical Relations in Greek consider Sentences Brian D. Joseph The Ohio State University Abbreviated Title Grammatical Relations in Greek consider Sentences Brian D. Joseph
More informationIntra-talker Variation: Audience Design Factors Affecting Lexical Selections
Tyler Perrachione LING 451-0 Proseminar in Sound Structure Prof. A. Bradlow 17 March 2006 Intra-talker Variation: Audience Design Factors Affecting Lexical Selections Abstract Although the acoustic and
More informationThe Real-Time Status of Island Phenomena *
Draft July 25 th 2004. Comments welcome. Abstract The Real-Time Status of Island Phenomena * Colin Phillips University of Maryland Parasitic gap constructions are interesting for theories of grammar due
More informationCS 598 Natural Language Processing
CS 598 Natural Language Processing Natural language is everywhere Natural language is everywhere Natural language is everywhere Natural language is everywhere!"#$%&'&()*+,-./012 34*5665756638/9:;< =>?@ABCDEFGHIJ5KL@
More informationFocusing bound pronouns
Natural Language Semantics manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) Focusing bound pronouns Clemens Mayr Received: date / Accepted: date Abstract The presence of contrastive focus on pronouns interpreted
More informationHeads and history NIGEL VINCENT & KERSTI BÖRJARS The University of Manchester
Heads and history NIGEL VINCENT & KERSTI BÖRJARS The University of Manchester Heads come in two kinds: lexical and functional. While the former are treated in a largely uniform way across theoretical frameworks,
More informationNominative Objects and Case Locality 1
In W. Browne et al. eds. 2003. Formal Approaches to Slavic Linguistics 11. Ann Arbor: Michigan Slavic Publications. Nominative Objects and Case Locality 1 Ellen Woolford University of Massachusetts The
More informationLoughton School s curriculum evening. 28 th February 2017
Loughton School s curriculum evening 28 th February 2017 Aims of this session Share our approach to teaching writing, reading, SPaG and maths. Share resources, ideas and strategies to support children's
More informationIntension, Attitude, and Tense Annotation in a High-Fidelity Semantic Representation
Intension, Attitude, and Tense Annotation in a High-Fidelity Semantic Representation Gene Kim and Lenhart Schubert Presented by: Gene Kim April 2017 Project Overview Project: Annotate a large, topically
More informationNoun incorporation in Sora: A case for incorporation as morphological merger TLS: 19 February Introduction.
0 ntroduction oun incorporation is the process by which a noun becomes part of a verb stem. ncorporation. As head movement () a. ñen kina-n ñam-t-aj tiger-n seize-npst-sbj will seize the tiger b. ñen ñam-kit-te-n-aj
More informationA Specific Role for AGR
(in Benedicto & Runner (eds.) UMASS Occasional Papers 17: Functional Projections, 1994) A Specific Role for AGR Jeffrey T. Runner University of Massachusetts, Amherst 0. Introduction 1 This paper is concerned
More informationLTAG-spinal and the Treebank
LTAG-spinal and the Treebank a new resource for incremental, dependency and semantic parsing Libin Shen (lshen@bbn.com) BBN Technologies, 10 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Lucas Champollion (champoll@ling.upenn.edu)
More informationThe Syntax of Coordinate Structure Complexes
The Syntax of Coordinate Structure Complexes Nicholas Winter April 22, 2016 Abstract Multiple Coordinate Complexes, coordinate structures consisting of three conjuncts one coordinator, are interpretively
More informationThe Syntax of Case and Agreement: its Relationship to Morphology and. Argument Structure
The Syntax of Case and Agreement: its Relationship to Morphology and Argument Structure By Vita G. Markman A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of
More informationCX 101/201/301 Latin Language and Literature 2015/16
The University of Warwick Department of Classics and Ancient History CX 101/201/301 Latin Language and Literature 2015/16 Module tutor: Clive Letchford Humanities Building 2.21 c.a.letchford@warwick.ac.uk
More informationBackward Raising. Eric Potsdam and Maria Polinsky. automatically qualify as covert movement. We exclude such operations from consideration here.
Syntax 15:1, March 2012, 75 108 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9612.2011.00158.x Backward Raising Eric Potsdam and Maria Polinsky Abstract. This paper documents and analyzes an instance of covert A-movement, specifically
More informationTibor Kiss Reconstituting Grammar: Hagit Borer's Exoskeletal Syntax 1
Tibor Kiss Reconstituting Grammar: Hagit Borer's Exoskeletal Syntax 1 1 Introduction Lexicalism is pervasive in modern syntactic theory, and so is the driving force behind lexicalism, projectionism. Syntactic
More informationDerivations (MP) and Evaluations (OT) *
Derivations (MP) and Evaluations (OT) * Leiden University (LUCL) The main claim of this paper is that the minimalist framework and optimality theory adopt more or less the same architecture of grammar:
More informationCan Human Verb Associations help identify Salient Features for Semantic Verb Classification?
Can Human Verb Associations help identify Salient Features for Semantic Verb Classification? Sabine Schulte im Walde Institut für Maschinelle Sprachverarbeitung Universität Stuttgart Seminar für Sprachwissenschaft,
More informationGrammar Lesson Plan: Yes/No Questions with No Overt Auxiliary Verbs
Grammar Lesson Plan: Yes/No Questions with No Overt Auxiliary Verbs DIALOGUE: Hi Armando. Did you get a new job? No, not yet. Are you still looking? Yes, I am. Have you had any interviews? Yes. At the
More informationFeature-Based Grammar
8 Feature-Based Grammar James P. Blevins 8.1 Introduction This chapter considers some of the basic ideas about language and linguistic analysis that define the family of feature-based grammars. Underlying
More informationChinese for Beginners CEFR Level: A1
Chinese for Beginners CEFR Level: A1 Author: Li Chunbo Email: li@ca-institute.com Phone: +420 608 283 819 Signature and stamp: Coordinator: Erik L. Dostal Email: erik@ca-institute.com Phone: +420 776 178
More informationarxiv:cmp-lg/ v1 16 Aug 1996
Punctuation in Quoted Speech arxiv:cmp-lg/9608011v1 16 Aug 1996 Christine Doran Department of Linguistics University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia, PA 19103 cdoran@linc.cis.upenn.edu Quoted speech is often
More informationMultiple case assignment and the English pseudo-passive *
Multiple case assignment and the English pseudo-passive * Norvin Richards Massachusetts Institute of Technology Previous literature on pseudo-passives (see van Riemsdijk 1978, Chomsky 1981, Hornstein &
More informationcambridge occasional papers in linguistics Volume 8, Article 3: 41 55, 2015 ISSN
C O P i L cambridge occasional papers in linguistics Volume 8, Article 3: 41 55, 2015 ISSN 2050-5949 THE DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURE BUILDING IN RANGI: AT THE SYNTAX-SEMANTICS INTERFACE H a n n a h G i b s o
More information5 Minimalism and Optimality Theory
5 Minimalism and Optimality Theory Hans Broekhuis and Ellen Woolford 5.1 Introduction This chapter discusses the relation between the Minimalist Program (MP) and Optimality Theory (OT) and will show that,
More informationcmp-lg/ Jul 1995
A CONSTRAINT-BASED CASE FRAME LEXICON ARCHITECTURE 1 Introduction Kemal Oazer and Okan Ylmaz Department of Computer Engineering and Information Science Bilkent University Bilkent, Ankara 0, Turkey fko,okang@cs.bilkent.edu.tr
More informationWriting a composition
A good composition has three elements: Writing a composition an introduction: A topic sentence which contains the main idea of the paragraph. a body : Supporting sentences that develop the main idea. a
More informationSecond Language Acquisition of Complex Structures: The Case of English Restrictive Relative Clauses
ISSN 1799-2591 Theory and Practice in Language Studies, Vol. 2, No. 7, pp. 1330-1340, July 2012 Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/tpls.2.7.1330-1340 Second Language Acquisition of Complex Structures:
More informationIntroduction to HPSG. Introduction. Historical Overview. The HPSG architecture. Signature. Linguistic Objects. Descriptions.
to as a linguistic theory to to a member of the family of linguistic frameworks that are called generative grammars a grammar which is formalized to a high degree and thus makes exact predictions about
More informationBuilding an HPSG-based Indonesian Resource Grammar (INDRA)
Building an HPSG-based Indonesian Resource Grammar (INDRA) David Moeljadi, Francis Bond, Sanghoun Song {D001,fcbond,sanghoun}@ntu.edu.sg Division of Linguistics and Multilingual Studies, Nanyang Technological
More informationSecond Language Acquisition of Korean Case by Learners with. Different First Languages
Second Language Acquisition of Korean Case by Learners with Different First Languages Hyunjung Ahn A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy
More informationHindi Aspectual Complex Predicates. Shakthi Poornima and Jean-Pierre Koenig. State University of New York at Buffalo
Hindi Aspectual Complex Predicates Shakthi Poornima and Jean-Pierre Koenig State University of New York at Buffalo Proceedings of the HPSG09 Conference Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Germany Stefan
More informationPrediction of Maximal Projection for Semantic Role Labeling
Prediction of Maximal Projection for Semantic Role Labeling Weiwei Sun, Zhifang Sui Institute of Computational Linguistics Peking University Beijing, 100871, China {ws, szf}@pku.edu.cn Haifeng Wang Toshiba
More information15 The syntax of overmarking and kes in child Korean
C:/ITOOLS/WMS/CUP/260963/WORKINGFOLDER/LEZ/9780521833356C15.3D 221 [221 230] 19.3.2009 9:21PM 15 The syntax of overmarking and kes in child Korean John Whitman Overmarking Overmarking errors occur in early
More informationlinguist 752 UMass Amherst 8 February 2017
Ordóñez 1998: Post-Verbal Assymetries in Spanish (nllt, 1998) linguist 752 UMass Amherst 8 February 2017 Overview The problem: It is assumed that the base word order of Spanish is svo, but it also allows
More informationChapter 1 The functional approach to language and the typological approach to grammar
Givón, Talmy (2001). Syntax. Volume I. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Chapter 1 The functional approach to language and the typological approach to grammar What is functionalism?
More informationConstruction Grammar. University of Jena.
Construction Grammar Holger Diessel University of Jena holger.diessel@uni-jena.de http://www.holger-diessel.de/ Words seem to have a prototype structure; but language does not only consist of words. What
More informationSemantic Inference at the Lexical-Syntactic Level for Textual Entailment Recognition
Semantic Inference at the Lexical-Syntactic Level for Textual Entailment Recognition Roy Bar-Haim,Ido Dagan, Iddo Greental, Idan Szpektor and Moshe Friedman Computer Science Department, Bar-Ilan University,
More informationFormulaic Language and Fluency: ESL Teaching Applications
Formulaic Language and Fluency: ESL Teaching Applications Formulaic Language Terminology Formulaic sequence One such item Formulaic language Non-count noun referring to these items Phraseology The study
More informationUCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations
UCLA UCLA Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Head Movement in Narrow Syntax Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fg4273b Author O'Flynn, Kathleen Chase Publication Date 2016-01-01 Peer reviewed
More informationChild Causatives: Acquisition of Bi-clausal Structures in Japanese. Reiko Okabe UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA. Los Angeles
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Los Angeles Child Causatives: Acquisition of Bi-clausal Structures in Japanese A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy
More informationLanguage contact in East Nusantara
Language contact in East Nusantara Introduction The aim of this workshop will be to try to uncover some of the range of language contact phenomena exhibited by languages from throughout the East Nusantara
More informationLinguistic Variation across Sports Category of Press Reportage from British Newspapers: a Diachronic Multidimensional Analysis
International Journal of Arts Humanities and Social Sciences (IJAHSS) Volume 1 Issue 1 ǁ August 216. www.ijahss.com Linguistic Variation across Sports Category of Press Reportage from British Newspapers:
More informationVisual CP Representation of Knowledge
Visual CP Representation of Knowledge Heather D. Pfeiffer and Roger T. Hartley Department of Computer Science New Mexico State University Las Cruces, NM 88003-8001, USA email: hdp@cs.nmsu.edu and rth@cs.nmsu.edu
More informationTIPPING THE SCALES: THE SYNTAX OF SCALARITY IN THE COMPLEMENT OF SEEM
Syntax 5:3, December 2002, 219 276 TIPPING THE SCALES: THE SYNTAX OF SCALARITY IN THE COMPLEMENT OF SEEM Ora Matushansky Abstract. This paper argues for a syntactic and semantic distinction between the
More informationCHILDREN S POSSESSIVE STRUCTURES: A CASE STUDY 1. Andrew Radford and Joseph Galasso, University of Essex
CHILDREN S POSSESSIVE STRUCTURES: A CASE STUDY 1 Andrew Radford and Joseph Galasso, University of Essex 1998 Two-and three-year-old children generally go through a stage during which they sporadically
More informationStructure-Preserving Extraction without Traces
Empirical Issues in Syntax and Semantics 5 O. Bonami & P. Cabredo Hofherr (eds.) 2004, pp. 27 44 http://www.cssp.cnrs.fr/eiss5 Structure-Preserving Extraction without Traces Wesley Davidson 1 Introduction
More informationThe Discourse Anaphoric Properties of Connectives
The Discourse Anaphoric Properties of Connectives Cassandre Creswell, Kate Forbes, Eleni Miltsakaki, Rashmi Prasad, Aravind Joshi Λ, Bonnie Webber y Λ University of Pennsylvania 3401 Walnut Street Philadelphia,
More informationDescribing Motion Events in Adult L2 Spanish Narratives
Describing Motion Events in Adult L2 Spanish Narratives Samuel Navarro and Elena Nicoladis University of Alberta 1. Introduction When learning a second language (L2), learners are faced with the challenge
More informationEach copy of any part of a JSTOR transmission must contain the same copyright notice that appears on the screen or printed page of such transmission.
Reconstruction and the Structure of VP: Some Theoretical Consequences Author(s): C.-T. James Huang Source: Linguistic Inquiry, Vol. 24, No. 1 (Winter, 1993), pp. 103-138 Published by: The MIT Press Stable
More information