ii - Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib Copyright 2009 by Bruce Stirling All rights reserved. Duplication, distribution or database storage of any part of this work by any means is prohibited without prior written approval of the publisher. G+3iC=C and OPDUL=C are registered trademarks. For permission to use material from this text or CD, please forward your request to info@novapress.net. ISBN-10: 1-889057-58-4 ISBN-13: 978-1-889057-58-3 Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib On the web at www.argumentmapping.com. his text is also available as a phone app. Visit www.novapress.net or iunes for more information. Nova Press 11659 Mayfield Avenue Los Angeles, CA USA 90049 1-800-949-6175 info@novapress.net www.novapress.net OEFL is a registered trademark of Educational esting Services (ES ), Princeton, New Jersey, USA. he material in this text, including argument maps, speaking and writing prompts, speaking and writing strategies, speaking and writing sample responses, and the proficiency checklists and rating guides, were created and designed exclusively by the author, Bruce Stirling. his publication is not endorsed or approved by ES.
Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib - iii Contents DEVELOPING AN ARGUMEN..... 1 Arguments and the OEFL ib.. 1 What is an Argument?.. 1 Personal-Opinion Argument: Deduction. 2 Rhetorical Strategies. 4 Personal-Opinion Argument: Induction.. 7 Developing Your Opinion. 8 Fact-Based Argument: Deduction 11 Fact-Based Argument: Induction. 13 Coherence = A High Score... 14 Argument Mapping.. 14 G+3iC=C..... 15 ASK ORDER 19 WRIING ASKS INDEPENDEN ESSAY.. 21 G+3iC=C... 21 Basic Independent Essay 22 Agree-Disagree Prompts... 22 OPDUL=C.. 26 Preference Prompts. 37 Compare-Contrast Prompts. 40 Advantage-Disadvantage Prompts. 49 Advantage Prompts. 52 Disadvantage Prompts... 54 Reason Prompts.. 55 Quality Prompts... 63 Writing Practice... 66 Advanced Introduction Strategies. 67
iv - Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib Simple Hooks... 67 Complex Hooks... 68 Advanced hesis Strategies.. 72 Predictor hesis 72 Writing a Predictor hesis 73 Predictor hesis: Parallelism... 74 Gerund Predictor hesis... 75 Predictor hesis: Using Synonyms. 76 1. Predictor hesis: When to Write. 77 2. Predictor hesis: When to Write. 79 Advanced Conclusion Strategies 82 Advanced Independent Essays... 87 Emergency Independent Essay 95 Contrarian Independent Essay 97 Writing Practice 99 What Have You Learned? 100 INEGRAED ESSAY 101 Argument-Counter Argument Essay 102 OPDUL=C. 102 ES s esting Method... 103 1. Argument-Counter Argument Essay: Step-by-Step.. 105 he Black-and-White Rule.. 113 Organization: Point-by-Point Style... 117 Organization: Block Style 119 Paraphrasing... 121 2. Argument-Counter Argument Essay: Step-by-Step.. 125 hree Common Problems 131 Writing Practice..... 136 Show-Support Essay... 141 Show Support Essay: Step-by-Step.. 144 Writing Practice.. 150 Emergency Integrated Essay.. 152 What Have You Learned? 157
Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib - v SPEAKING ASKS SPEAKING ASK ONE.. 159 Independent ask: Single-Question Prompt.. 159 OPDUL=C. 161 Delivery. 161 Speaking Subjectively.. 162 Basic Response. 162 1. Basic Response: Step-by-Step.. 162 Rating Yourself 166 Rating in a Class 167 How Long Should My Response Be? 167 2. Basic Response: Step-by-Step.. 168 3. Basic Response: Step-by-Step.. 172 Four Common Problems. 174 Help! - My Response is oo Long!. 177 Help! - My Response is oo Short!... 178 Advanced Strategies. 180 Advanced Introduction Strategies 182 Predictor hesis.. 184 he Rhetorical Why... 187 Advanced Conclusion Strategies.. 188 Advanced Responses. 192 Emergency Response. 197 Contrarian Response. 198 Speaking Practice.. 199 What Have You Learned? 200 SPEAKING ASK WO.... 201 Independent ask: Paired-Choice Prompt.. 201 1. Agree-Disagree Prompt: Step-by-Step. 202 2. Agree-Disagree Prompt: Step-by-Step 205 Support-Don t Support Prompt: Step-by-Step. 207 Preference Prompt: Step-by-Step.. 209 Argument-Counter Argument: Step-by-Step. 210
vi - Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib Advantage-Disadvantage: Step-by-Step. 212 Speaking Practice.. 214 What Have You Learned?... 216 SPEAKING ASK HREE.. 217 Integrated ask: Read-Listen-Speak.. 217 OPDUL=C. 218 ES s esting Method. 218 Developing a Response: Step-by-Step. 220 How Long Should My Response Be?.. 227 Five Common Problems.. 229 Help! - My Response is oo Long!. 230 Help! - My Response is oo Short! 231 Emergency Response 233 Speaking Practice. 235 What Have You Learned?... 241 SPEAKING ASK FOUR. 243 Integrated ask: Read-Listen-Speak.. 243 ES s esting Method.. 243 Developing a Response: Step-by-Step. 245 How Long Should My Response Be?.. 252 Four Common Problems. 255 Emergency Response... 256 Speaking Practice.. 257 What Have You Learned?... 262 SPEAKING ASK FIVE... 263 Integrated ask: Listen-Speak. 263 ES s esting Method.. 263 Developing a Response: Step-by-Step. 266 How Long Should My Response Be?.. 275 Contrarian Response. 277 hree Common Problems.. 278 Emergency Response... 282 Speaking Practice. 283
Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib - vii What Have You Learned?... 285 SPEAKING ASK SIX.. 287 Integrated ask: Listen-Speak.. 287 ES s esting Method.. 287 Developing a Response: Step-by-Step. 289 How Long Should My Response Be?.. 297 hree Common Problems.. 299 Emergency Response 303 Speaking Practice. 304 What Have You Learned?... 306 APPENDIX SCORING.. 307 Independent Essay Proficiency Checklist. 310 Independent Essay Rating Guide 312 Integrated Essay Proficiency Checklist. 314 Integrated Essay Rating Guide. 316 Independent Speaking Proficiency Checklist.. 318 Independent Speaking Rating Guide.. 320 Integrated Speaking Proficiency Checklist... 322 Integrated Speaking Rating Guide.. 324 EXERCISES. 326 Identifying Rhetorical Strategies. 326 Identifying Opinions. 327 Checking for Parallelism... 328 Gerund Predictors 329 ANSWER KEY. 330 Identifying Rhetorical Strategies. 330 Identifying Opinions.... 330 Checking for Parallelism. 331 Gerund Predictors. 332 INDEPENDEN ESSAY RAINGS 333 Agree-Disagree Prompt... 333
viii - Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib Preference Prompt. 333 Compare-Contrast Prompt. 333 Advantage-Disadvantage Prompt. 334 Advantage Prompt. 335 Disadvantage Prompt.. 335 Reason Prompts. 336 Quality Prompt.. 338 Advanced Independent Essays. 338 INEGRAED ESSAY RAINGS.. 339 SPEAKING ASK RAINGS.. 340 Audio Scripts.. 343 Glossary 379 Also From Nova Press.. 382
Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib - ix OEFL ib Facts 1. he OEFL ib is an English language proficiency test. OEFL tests academic English language proficiency. For OEFL, academic English means first year, college-level English. 2. OEFL means test of English as a foreign language. ib means internetbased test. Internet-based means the test computers are connected to the internet. Your answers will be sent via the internet to be scored by ES. 3. he OEFL ib is designed and implemented by Educational esting Services (ES) Princeton, New Jersey, USA. 4. You cannot pass or fail the OEFL test. You will get a score out of 120 total points. Your score measures your English language proficiency. he higher your score, the higher your English language proficiency. 5. he OEFL ib is divided into four test sections. You cannot change the task order. Section ask ime Score Reading 3-5 essays 60-100 minutes 30/30 Listening 2-3 dialogues 4-6 lectures 60 minutes 30/30 break 10 minutes Speaking 2 independent tasks 2 minutes 4 integrated tasks 18 minutes 30/30 Writing 1 integrated task 23 minutes 1 independent task 30 minutes 30/30 otal: 4 hours 120/120
x - Speaking and Writing Strategies for the OEFL ib 6. Before you take the OEFL test, find out the OEFL requirements of the school to which you are applying. Some U.S. colleges and universities do not require a OEFL score. 7. In some countries, you can take the OEFL PB (paper-based test). If you want to go to graduate school in the United States, do not take the PB. ake the ib instead. Why? Because graduate and post graduate students at U.S. universities are expected to teach undergraduate classes. hat means you must be able to speak academic English proficiently. hat is what the ib tests. he PB does not test speaking. 8. In the United States, you can register for the OEFL ib online or by phone. Visit www.ets.org for registration information. In the United States, the busiest registration times are at the end of each school semester when OEFL courses end and OEFL students are ready to take the test. he OEFL test is very popular. Register as early as possible. 9. You can take notes during the test. Pencils and paper will be supplied. You cannot use your own pencil or paper. After the test, you must give your notes to the test site manager. 10. Expect to use an old-style Microsoft keyboard when you take the test. 11. Your OEFL ib score is good for two years. You cannot renew your OEFL score. You must retake the test and get a new score. For more OEFL information, visit www.ets.org.