Research Doctorates Conferred, 2004-2014 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,000 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 1 All doctorate recipientsa S&E Social sciences Data Source: National Science Foundation, Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2016, Table 15
Trends in International Student Enrollment, 2004/05 2014/15 350,000 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000-2004/05 2009/10 2014/15 2 Master's Doctoral Baccalaureate Professional Data Source: Institute of International Education, International Students by Academic Level, 2004/05-2005/06, 2006/07-2007/08, 2008/09-2009/10, 2010/11-2011/12, 2012/13-2013/14, and 2013/14-2014/15.
Trend of the Economic Benefits of International Student Enrollment in U.S. 1,200,000 $50,000 1,000,000 $45,000 $40,000 800,000 600,000 $35,000 $30,000 $25,000 400,000 $20,000 $15,000 200,000 - Fall 2004 Fall 2005 Fall 2006 Fall 2007 Fall 2008 Fall 2009 Fall 2010 Fall 2011 Fall 2012 Fall 2013 Fall 2014 Economic benefit International students Jobs supported $10,000 $5,000 $0 Source: NAFSA, International Student Economic Value Tool 3
Total U.S. Direct and Indirect Jobs Created/Supported: As a result of the economic benefit of international Students Higher education 9% Accomodation Dining 135,425 237,956 11% 18% 54% Retail Telecommunication s Transportation Health insurance Indirect Jobs Direct Jobs Source: NAFSA, International Student Economic Value Tool 4
Average Earnings by level of education: Persons 25-64 years old, 2015 Doctoral degree $84,396 Professional degree $89,960 Master's degree $69,732 Bachelor's degree $59,124 Associate's degree $41,496 Some college, no degree $38,376 High school diploma $35,256 Less than a high school diploma $25,636 5 All workers $44,720 Data Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Earnings and unemployment rates by educational attainment, 2015
Data Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, CPS Tables, Annual averages, Employment status. 7. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population 25 years and over U.S. unemployment rates (25 years and over) by educational attainment, sex and race/ethnicity, 2015 10% 5% 6% 5% 5% 4% 4% 4% 3% 2% 2% 2% 2% 6% 4% 4% 3% 2% 6% 4% 3% All Men Women White Black or African American Asian Hispanic or Latino ethnicity 6 Less than a high school diploma High school graduates, no college Some college, no degree Associate degree Bachelor's degree only Advanced degree
Research Doctorates by Gender, 2004-2014 35,000 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 7 Male Female Data Source: National Science Foundation, Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2016, Table 15
Research Doctorates Conferred to Women, 2004-2014 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 8 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Life sciences Physical sciences Social sciences Engineering Education Humanities Other Data Source: National Science Foundation, Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2016, Table 15
Research Doctorates Conferred to Men, 2004-2014 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 9 0 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Life sciences Physical sciences Social sciences Engineering Education Humanities Other Data Source: National Science Foundation, Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2016, Table 15
Grants and Loans as a Percentage of Funds from Total Aid and Nonfederal Loans for Graduate and Professional Students, 1990-91 to 2014-15 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 10 0% 90-91 00-01 10-11 14-15 (Preliminary) Grants Loans Data Source: College Board, Trends in Student Aid, 2015, Total Aid, Table 4
Graduate Student Aid by Source and Type (in Billions), 2014-15 $0.2 $0.1 $3.0 $1.6 $5.5 $10.8 $33.9 Federal Loans (61%) Institutional Grants (20%) Private and Employer Grants (10%) Federal Education Tax Credits & Deductions (6%) Federal Grants (3%) State Grants (<1%) Federal Work-Study (<1%) 11 Data Source: College Board, Trends in Student Aid, 2015, Total Aid, Figure 2B
Total Graduate Student Aid in 2014 Dollars (in Millions), 1995-96 to 2014-15, Selected years 1995-96 2000-01 2005-06 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14 Preliminar y 2014-15 Total federal grants $111 $164 $360 $1,137 $1,205 $1,379 $1,409 $1,607 Federal work-study $59 $98 $113 $110 $104 $103 $105 $103 Total federal loans $7,789 $10,631 $18,564 $35,301 $35,742 $34,788 $35,663 $33,896 Education tax benefits $0 $594 $987 $3,317 $3,256 $2,963 $3,037 $3,049 TOTAL FEDERAL AID $7,959 $11,488 $20,024 $39,865 $40,306 $39,233 $40,214 $38,655 State grants $72 $117 $179 $123 $146 $154 $160 $163 Institutional grants $2,398 $4,141 $5,329 $8,322 $8,914 $9,539 $10,187 $10,840 Private & employer grants $933 $1,857 $3,173 $4,517 $4,585 $4,744 $5,223 $5,467 TOTAL FEDERAL, STATE, INSTITUTIONAL & OTHER AID $11,361 $17,603 $28,705 $52,827 $53,952 $53,670 $55,784 $55,125 12 Data Source: College Board, Trends in Student Aid, 2015, Total Aid, Table 1B
Average Aid per Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Graduate and Professional Student in 2014 Dollars, 1990-91 to 2014-15 $20,000 $18,000 $16,000 $14,000 $12,000 $10,000 $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2014-15(est) 13 Average Grant Aid per FTE Average Federal Loans per FTE Data Source: College Board, Trends in Student Aid, 2015, Aid per Student, Table 3
Average Annual Percentage Change in First-Time Graduate Enrollment by Citizenship, Race/Ethnicity, and Gender, Fall 2004 to Fall 2014 10% 10% 7% 5% 5% 6% 3% 3% 2% 2% 3% 4% 0% -1% 1% 1% 1% Total U.S. Citizens and Permanent Residents American Indian/Alaskan Native Asian/Pacific Islander Black/African American Hispanic/Latino White Temporary Residents Other/Unknown 0% 14 Men Women Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2004 to 2014, Table C.6
Trends in Graduate Degrees Awarded by Institution Type, 2003-04 to 2013-14 6% 6% 6% 5% 5% 4% 2% 2% 2% 3% 3% 3% 3% 2% 0% -1% -1% -1% All Institutions Public Private, not-for-profit All Institutions Public Private, not-for-profit Doctoral Degrees Master's Degrees 15 % Change, 2012-13 to 2013-14 Ave. Annual % Change, 2008-09 to 2013-14 Ave. Annual % Change, 2003-04 to 2013-14 Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2004 to 2014, Table C.24
Graduate Application Acceptance Rates by Carnegie Classification and Degree level, Fall 2014 Total 22% 48% Research Univ. (very high research) 19% 39% Research Univ. (high research) 27% 53% Doctoral/Research Universities 47% 63% Master's Colleges and Universities 36% 61% Other 24% 47% 16 Master's/Other Doctoral Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2004 to 2014, Table B.1
First-Time Graduate Enrollment by Broad Field and Gender, Fall 2014 Total Arts and Humanities Biological & Agric. Sci. 43% 44% 45% 57% 56% 55% Business 56% 44% Education 25% 75% Engineering 75% 25% Health Sciences 23% 77% Math & Computer Sci. Physical & Earth Sci. 61% 68% 39% 32% Public Admin. & Svcs. 22% 78% Social & Behavioral Sci. Other Fields 38% 38% 62% 62% 17 Men Women Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2004 to 2014, Table B.4
First-Time Graduate Enrollment by Carnegie Classification and Attendance Status, fall 2014 Total 69% 31% Arts & Humanities Biological & Ag Sci 82% 85% 18% 15% Business 66% 34% Education 48% 52% Engineering 84% 16% Health Sciences 68% 32% Math & Comp Sci 77% 23% Physical & Earth Sci 90% 10% Public Admin & Svcs 70% 30% Social & Behav Sci 77% 23% Other Fields 66% 34% 18 Full-time Part-time Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2004 to 2014, Table B.4
First-Time Graduate Enrollment by broad Field and degree level, Fall 2014 Total Arts and Humanities 17% 21% 83% 79% Biological & Agric. Sci. 36% 64% Business 6% 94% Education 14% 86% Engineering Health Sciences Math & Computer Sci. 14% 21% 20% 86% 79% 80% Physical & Earth Sci. 60% 40% Public Admin. & Svcs. 3% 97% Social & Behavioral Sci. 27% 73% Other Fields 8% 92% 19 Doctoral Master's/Other Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2004 to 2014, Table B.6
Total Graduate Enrollment by Race/Ethnicity, Fall 2014 Race/Ethnicity Unknown 7% Two or More Races 2% Hispanic/Latino 10% American Indian/Alaska Asian Native 6% 1% Black/African American 15% White 59% Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander 0% 20 Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2004 to 2014, Table B.19
Total Graduate Enrollment by Broad Field and Attendance Status, Fall 2014 Total 60% 40% Arts and Humanities 71% 29% Biological & Agric. Sci. 79% 21% Business 51% 49% Education 39% 61% Engineering 73% 27% Health Sciences 58% 42% Math & Computer Sci. 67% 33% Physical & Earth Sci. 85% 15% Public Admin. & Svcs. Social & Behavioral Sci. 64% 68% 36% 32% Other Fields 55% 45% 21 Full-Time Part-Time Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2004 to 2014, Table B.13
Size & Scope of U.S. Graduate Education 2013-2014 Academic Year: Nearly 3 million students are enrolled in postbaccalaureate programs. Over 900,000 graduate and professional degrees conferred. 754,475 master s degrees 177,580 doctoral degrees (Incl. prof. practice degrees) 54,070 research doctorates (2014) 22 Data Source: National Science Foundation, Survey of Earned Doctorates, 2016, Table 1., U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 2015, Tables 303.80, 323.10, and 324.10
Unemployment Rates by Educational Attainment, 25 years and over, Percent, Monthly, Not Seasonally Adjusted 15.8% 11.0% 3.2% 5.3% 2.3% 23 College Graduates High School Graduates, No College Less than a High School Diploma Data Source: FRED Graph Observations, Federal Reserve Economic Data, Economic Research Division, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis https://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2
Graduate Degree Attainment 24 Master s degrees Women earned 60% of all master s degrees in 2013-14. Minority representation improving, but still low: African American (14%), Hispanic/Latino (9%), Asian/Pacific (7%), and American Indian /Alaskan Native (less than 1%) Education and business accounted for nearly a half (46%) of all master s degrees conferred in 2013-14. Number of master s increased by 34% since 2003. 3.4% average annual increase at the master s level. Doctoral Degrees Number of doctoral degrees increased by 41% since 2003. In 2013-14, 177,580 doctoral degrees (including professional practice degrees) were conferred. 4.1% average annual increase in degree production. Data Source: U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 2015, Tables 323.10, 323.20, and 324.10
Post-baccalaureate Enrollment Trends and Projections by Gender, 1967-2025 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000,000 500,000 0 1967 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2015* 2020* 2025* 25 Males Females Data Source: U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 2015, Table 303.80
Graduate Student Enrollment, Fall 2014 26 U.S. institutions that participated in the 2014 CGS/GRE Graduate Enrollment and Degrees received about 2.15 million applications 40% had been accepted into at least 1 program 63% first-time graduate students enrolled at a public university 69% of all first-time graduate students were enrolled full-time 83% first-time graduate students were enrolled in programs leading to a master s degree or graduate certificate 17% of all first-time graduate students were enrolling in doctoral programs 21% first-time graduate enrollees were international students Data Source: Council of Graduate Schools, Graduate Enrollment and Degrees: 2004 to 2014, Tables B.1, B.3, B.4, B.6, and B.10
Percentage of Post-baccalaureate Students who Took Distance Education Courses, Fall 2014 Exclusively distance education courses, 25% At least one distance education course, 8% No distance education courses, 67% 27 Data Source: U.S. Department of Education, Digest of Education Statistics, 2015, Table 311.15
Gross Domestic Expenditures on R&D by Selected Countries, 1981-2013 $500 $450 $400 $350 $300 $250 $200 $150 $100 $50 $0 1981 1991 2001 2011 2013 28 United States EU France Germany United Kingdom Russia China Japan South Korea India Data Source: National Science Board, Science & Engineering Indicators 2016, Appendix Table 4-12
Gross Domestic Expenditures on R&D as Percentage Share of GDP by Selected Countries 1981-2013 5% 4% 4% 3% 3% 2% 2% 1% 1% 29 0% 1981 1991 2001 2011 2013 United States EU France Germany United Kingdom Russia China Japan South Korea India Data Source: National Science Board, Science & Engineering Indicators 2016, Appendix Table 4-12
Total Grant Aid for Grad Students: 2014 U.S. Dollars by Funding Source AY2004/05 to AY2014/2015 $12,000 $10,000 $8,000 $6,000 $4,000 $2,000 $0 2004/05 2009/10 2014/15 31 Federal grants (Excl. VA benefits) Federal work-study State grants Institutional grants Private & employer grants Data Source: College Board, Trends in Student Aid, 2015, Total Aid, Table 1B