Third International Congress on Technical and Vocational Education and Training Transforming TVET: Building Skills for Work and Life Shanghai, 13-16 May 2012 TVET Reform in Lao PDR: Challenges and Issues and Step Forward within 2011-2015 2015 by: PHOUVIENG PHOUMILAY, on behalf of Lao Delegate
Overview to share experiences on: 1. Current Development of TVET in Laos 2. Issues and Challenges 3. Directions to shape Lao TVET in response to the national socioeconomic development policies 2
Current Development Context, Laos Current Development Context, Laos Geography: Located in heart of Indochina; GMS East-West and North- South Economic Corridor, Member of ASEAN-Community
Current Development Context, Laos Population Approx. 6.2 million, A multi-ethnic nation of 49 groups, but categorized into 4 main ethnolinguistic families (e.g. Lao Tai: 65%, Mon-Khmer: 23%, Hmong Yao: 8% and Tibeto-Burma: 3%) Work force 2.7 million of 5.6 million (2005), est. 53,000 entering labor market more than 70% engaged in the agricultural sector over the next 5 years (2011-2015): an estimated 3.3 million working people in labor market Labor structure Sector 1985 2005 2010 2015 * Agriculture 89.2 76.6 75.0 70.0 Industry + construction 1 7.7 5.5 7.0 Services 2.7 15.6 19.5 23.0 Source: National Statistic Centre 2008, 7 th NSEDP 2011-2015 report in the 9 th Party Congress, March 2011
Current GDP growth: 7.9% on average of 5 years from 2006-2010 Projected 8% and more in the next 5 years Source: 7 th NSEDP 2011-2015 in the report of 9 th Party Conference, March 2011 Share of GDP Sector 1985 2007 2009 2015* Agriculture (%) 70.9 40.3 29.5 23 Processing (%) 34.1 10.9 27.5 39 Services (%) 18.4 25.6 42.7 38 Source: National Statistic Centre 2008; * projected, see also 7 th NSEDP from 2011-2015 report of the9 th Party Congress March 2011
Current TVET-System in LAO PDR WORLD OF WORK WORLD OF WORK TVE Diploma +(1-2) (cont. prog.) High TVE Diploma +(1-2) (cont. prog.) B. SC/BE + 1.5 (continuing program) TVE- Diploma 2-3 Y (regular program) High TVE Dipl. 2-3 Y (regular program) Bachelor Degree at the University 4-7 Y (regular program) IVET-CERTIFICATE IV +1 Y [cont.] IVET-CERTIFICATE III +1 Y [cont.] IVET- CERTIFICATE II + 6m [continuing course] IVET-CERTIFICATE I + 6m Vocational Vocational Education Education Certificate Certificate 9+3 9+3 (regular (regular program) program) Graduates Graduates of of grade grade 12 12 (1) (1) General General Secondary Secondary Level) Level) (2) (2) Vocational Vocational Secondary Secondary Ed) Ed) Integrated Vocational Education and Training (IVET) Technical Education High Education
Current TVET-Development TVET-institutions Number of TVET-students
Current TVET-Development Most significant TVET development: Education Law 2000 and revised in 2007 Establishing the National Training Council in 2002 TVET-Strategic Plan 2006-2020 and TVET-Master Plan 2008-2015 approved in 2007 and 2008 respectively attaches importance to TVET as it is one of 4 main components in national education reform strategy 2006-2015; Prime ministerial decree on TVET and Skills Development approved in 2010 Education Sector Development Framework (ESDF) 2009-2015 TVED was established in 2008 separated the Department of Higher Education TVET schools in each province in 2010
Level Proposed National Qualification Framework Proposed National Qualification Framework 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 & 8 9 SKILL LEVEL IV (Supervisor) SKILL LEVEL III (Trade man) SKILL LEVEL II (Skill Worker) SKILL LEVEL I (Semi Skill Worker) Craft Master (continuing Program 2 Years) Higher Technician Diploma 2 years TVET-Diploma Certificate III Certificate II Certificate I Secondary Vocational Education Certificate (9+3) Practical Training (1Y) Doctoral Degree Specialist/ Post Graduate Diploma Master Degree Bachelor Degree Associate Diploma Upper Secondary Education All Education Level Lower Secondary Education SKILLS TRAINING STREAM PROFESSIONAL AND TVET STREAM ACADEMIC STREAM or HIGH EDUCATION STREAM
Quality Assurance The TVET quality standard consists of 10 components and 32 indicators as follows: Component 1: Vision, mission, and objectives Component 2: Curriculum and teaching-learning delivery Component 3: Learners, support of learners and graduates Component 4: Staff management and development Component 5: Budget and funding sources Component 6: Facilities and Environment Component 7: Management of information system Component 8: Public relations and marketing Component 9: Quality assurance system Component Component 10: Enhancement of invention and innovation; and promotion of community services
Issues and Challenges 1) Low investment and support in TVET 2) Insufficient TVET school s infrastructure and facilities to accommodate increased number of trainees and students 3) Mismatching between TVET students produced and labor market demand, thus suggesting insufficient integration of TVET with market needs 4) Insufficient training materials and out-of-date machines and tools for practical training of students 5) Insufficient teaching staff, moreover they lack teaching skills and industrial experiences 6) Most courses stress on time-based and school-based, and not student-centered 7) Weak inspection system 8) Weak linkages between industry and TVET institutions
1. Equitable Access into TVET Construction, Expansion and Renovation of TVET Schools (inc. 5 Outcomes) Expand TVET Offer and Approaches (inc. 7 Outcomes)
STVET Project Consists Of Four (4) Key Components Improve Quality of TVET a)skill Standards in 4 priority skills areas b)modular Curricula c)assessment Procedures d)enhance Teacher Standards e)improve TVET Facilities f)develop CGC g)tvet Marketing Increase and More Equitable Access to Certificate and Diploma Programs a) Training Assistance Voucher Scheme b) Broadening Access c) Expand access for vulnerable groups Increase Engagement between Corporate Sector & TVET System a)strengthening NTC-PO b)establish Advisory Boards at VET Institutions c)introduce Contracting Schemes (2) Strengthening Management and Governance of the TVET System a)reform Policies, Regulatory and Funding Framework b)strengthening Management Capacity at TVED and VC s c)strengthening EMIS d)establish LMIS 2011-2015 13
1. Lao PDR is in the transition from central planned economy to free market economy 2.Lao TVET is at the early stage of the reform 3.Lao TVET is facing with great Challenges and issues to respond the integration into the GMS and ASEAN communities 4.Implementation of ESDP in general and TVET-Strategic Plan 2006-2020 and Master Plan 2008-2015 in particular for Breaking through in HRD and Poverty reduction in Laos, and to exit the LDC-status in 2020. Thankyou for your kind attention