Access, Success, and Climate for African American Undergraduates at UC Berkeley Prepared by Equity & Inclusion and Office of Planning & Analysis March 2014
Berkeley Ranks Last Among UCs in URM New Freshmen Enrollment Shares Enrollment Share White Enrollment Share Asian/Pacific Islander Other UC Campuses 44% 31% UC Berkeley 27% 38% Other UC Campuses UC Berkeley 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Enrollment Share Underrepresented Minority 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 Enrollment Share International Other UC Campuses 13% 15% 15% UC Berkeley UC Berkeley 3% 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 URM = Underrepresented Minority (Chicano/Latino, African American, American Indian/Alaska Native) Prepared by E&I and OPA UC Berkeley Undergraduate Students 2 Source: UC Accountability Report, 2011
UC Berkeley Undergraduate Student Profile, Fall 2013 Headcount Percent Total 25,951 10 Asian 9,984 38% White 7,162 28% Underrepresented Minority 4,380 17% Chicano/Latino 3,341 13% African American 871 3% Native American/Alaska Native 168 <1% Pacific Islander 60 <1% Decline to State 1,029 4% International 3,336 13% Source: UC Berkeley, Cal Answers Prepared by E&I and OPA UC Berkeley Undergraduate Students 3
African American Undergraduate Student Profile, Fall 2013 Freshmen Entrants Transfer Entrants Headcount Percent Headcount Percent Total 627 10 238 10 Men 234 37% 114 48% Women 393 63% 124 52% First generation college* 281 45% 121 51% Non-first generation college 346 55% 117 49% Low income or poor** n/a 29% n/a 28% Working class n/a 3 n/a 45% Middle class n/a 27% n/a 18% Upper-middle class/wealthy n/a 14% n/a 1 Source: UC Berkeley, Cal Answers, UCUES, and SONS *First generation college status is defined as neither parent completing a four-year degree. Students with unknown first-generation college status are included with non-first generation college students. **Socioeconomic status comes from the UCUES question "Which of the following best describes your social class when you were growing up?" Prepared by E&I and OPA UC Berkeley Undergraduate Students 4
URM Newly Entering Enrollment Shares at UC Berkeley Dropped by 5 After Prop 209 Share 5 White Prop 209 takes effect Share 5 Asian New Transfers 3 New Freshmen 28% 25% 3 25% 1 1 Share 5 3 1 Chicano/Latino 15% 11% Share 5 3 1 African American 4% Source: UC Berkeley, Cal Answers 3% Prepared by E&I and OPA UC Berkeley Undergraduate Students 5
African American Fall Freshmen Yield s are Slightly Below Overall s While Fall Transfer Yield s are Higher Yield 8 New Transfers White 63% Yield 8 Asian 69% New Freshmen 36% 41% 2000 2005 2010 2000 2005 2010 Yield 8 Chicano/Latino 65% Yield 8 African American 73% 37% Source: UC Berkeley, Cal Answers 2000 2005 2010 2000 2005 2010 Prepared by E&I and OPA UC Berkeley Undergraduate Students 6
African American Freshmen and Transfer Students Have the Highest 1 st Year Probation s 25% Prop 209 takes effect Asian 25% White 15% 1 5% New Freshmen 1995 2000 2005 2010 New Transfers 9% 3% 15% 1 5% 1995 2000 2005 2010 4% 3% 25% Chicano/Latino 25% African American 15% 1 5% 1995 2000 2005 2010 8% 6% 15% 1 5% 1995 2000 2005 2010 16% 14% Source: UC Berkeley, Cal Answers Prepared by E&I and OPA UC Berkeley Undergraduate Students 7
African American and Chicano/Latino Retention Falls Off in the Third and Fourth Year 10 8 New Transfers Asian New Freshmen 94% 10 White 8 All Freshmen All Transfers 2008 Cohort 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 10 8 Chicano/Latino 85% 85% 10 8 African American 82% 71% Source: UC Berkeley, Cal Answers 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years 4 Years 5 Years Prepared by E&I and OPA UC Berkeley Undergraduate Students 8
African American Graduation s still Lag, But Gaps Have Narrowed 10 8 New Freshmen Transfer Asian Prop 209 takes effect 93% 95% 10 8 White 9 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 10 8 Chicano/Latino 6-Year graduation rates shown for freshmen entrants 4-Year graduation rates shown for transfer entrants 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 9 84% African American 10 8 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 77% 79% Source: UC Berkeley, Cal Answers Prepared by E&I and OPA UC Berkeley Undergraduate Students 9
African American Undergraduates the Campus Lower than Other Groups on Various Climate Metrics Percent of Fall 2013 undergraduate students reporting that they strongly agree, agree, or somewhat agree with the prompt African American Chicano/ Latino Asian White I feel that I belong at this campus 76% 86% 88% 9 I feel valued as an individual 65% 67% 67% 69% Knowing what I know now, I would still choose to re-enroll at this campus 84% 88% 86% 89% Source: UCUES, SONS, UC Berkeley, 2008-2012 Prepared by E&I and OPA UC Berkeley Undergraduate Students 10
African American Undergraduates Report the Lowest Respect s and the Highest Bias s Among All Groups Responses to In this academic year, I have heard [students/instructors] express negative or stereotypical views about races or ethnicities, UC Berkeley 2008-2012 Very Often Often Somewhat Often From Students From Instructors African American (n = 289) Pacific Islander (n = 30) Chicano/Latino (n = 1,328) Native American/Alaska Native (n = 61) Other/Decline to State (n = 807) Asian (n = 4,765) All Groups (n = 11,238) White (n = 3,463) 24% Percent agreement with students of my race/ethnicity are respected at this campus, 2008-2012 Strongly Agree Agree Somewhat Agree 3 29% 28% 35% 33% 44% 43% 4% 4% 3% 5% 4% 7% 6% 13% White (n = 5,163) Asian (n = 7,083) Other/Decline to State (n = 1,125) Native American/Alaska Native (n = 108) 93% 9 87% Pacific Islander (n = 36) 81% Chicano/Latino (n = 2,044) 75% African American (n = 484) 52% Prepared by E&I and OPA UC Berkeley Undergraduate Students Source: UCUES, UC Berkeley, 2008-2012 11
Critical Mass and Respect s are Closely Related at the University of California Respect 10 9 8 Respect by Race/Ethnicity Share for each UC Campus, 2007-08 AY White Asian/Pacific Islander 7 5 African American UC Berkeley Chicano/Latino UC Riverside has the highest percentages of African American and Chicano/Latino students in addition to the highest respect rates for those groups 1 3 5 Race/Ethnicity Share among New Students on Campus Note: Shares are derived from new freshmen and new transfer students in Fall 2007; respect rates are derived from Spring 2008 UCUES Prepared by E&I and OPA UC Berkeley Undergraduate Students 12 Source: UC Accountability Report, 2011
Appendix Prepared by E&I and OPA UC Berkeley Undergraduate Students 13
URM Newly Entering Enrollment Headcounts at UC Berkeley Dropped by 5 After Prop 209 2,000 Count White Prop 209 takes effect 2,000 Count Asian 1,868 1,500 New Freshmen 1,500 1,000 1,166 1,000 500 New Transfers 637 500 564 0 0 2,000 Count 1,500 1,000 500 Chicano/Latino 537 346 2,000 Count 1,500 1,000 500 African American 133 Source: UC Berkeley, Cal Answers 0 0 95 Prepared by E&I and OPA UC Berkeley Undergraduate Students 14
UC Berkeley California Resident Shares of URM Freshmen Aligned with A-G Completion Pre-Prop 209 Just prior Prop 209 s implementation in 1998, African Americans were represented among California resident freshmen at UC Berkeley at around 7% -- roughly their representation among California public high school graduates and graduates who completed A-G requirements. Since Prop 209 s implementation, African American admission to and enrollment at UC Berkeley as California resident freshmen has stagnated in spite of increased representation among applicants. Share 14% 12% 1 8% 6% 4% 2% Freshmen Pipeline for African American CA Residents to UC Berkeley Prop-209 takes effect CA Resident Freshmen CA Resident Admits CA Resident Applicants CA Public HS A-G Completers Cohort Year 6% 5% 4% Source: CDE and UC Berkeley, Cal Answers Prepared by E&I and OPA UC Berkeley Undergraduate Students 15
African American Undergraduates Report the Lowest Respect s Among All Groups Percent agreement with students of my [affinity group] are respected at this campus for UC Berkeley students by affinity group, 2008-2012 Sexual Orientation Heterosexual (n = 13,948) Decline to State Orientation (n = 788) Bisexual (n = 531) Gay/Lesbian (n = 416) Queer/Questioning/Other (n = 546) Strongly Agree Strongly Agree Agree Somewhat Somewhat Agree Agree 85% 83% 82% 98% Immigration Background 4th+ Generation Immigrant (n = 3,020) 3rd Generation Immigrant (n = 1,423) 2nd Generation Immigrant (n = 6,964) 1st Generation Immigrant (n = 3,672) 96% 95% 9 87% Religious Affiliation Hindu (n = 309) No Religious Affiliation (n = 6,712) Sikh (n = 71) Buddhist (n = 657) Muslim (n = 277) Christian (n = 4,917) Jewish (n = 546) 75% 81% 8 95% 93% 92% Socioeconomic Status Race/Ethnicity Upper-middle class (n = 4,751) Middle class (n = 6,224) Wealthy (n = 328) Working class (n = 3,355) Low SES (n = 1,967) White (n = 5,163) Asian (n = 7,083) Other/Decline to State (n = 1,125) Native American/Alaska Native (n = 108) Pacific Islander (n = 36) Chicano/Latino (n = 2,044) African American (n = 484) Prepared by E&I and OPA UC Berkeley Undergraduate Students 52% 68% 75% 83% 82% 81% 93% 93% 93% 9 87% 16 Source: UCUES, UC Berkeley, 2008-2012