DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING (CAL) FOR ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC STUDIES (EEES): ELECTROMAGNETISM LOH KIONG SOON UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY MALAYSIA
PSZ 19:16(Pind. 1/97) UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA BORANG PENGESAHAN STATUS TESIS JUDUL : DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING (CAL) FOR ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC STUDIES (EEES): ELECTROMAGNETISM SESI PENGAJIAN : 2007/2008 Saya LOH KIONG SOON (HURUF BESAR) mengaku membenarkan tesis (PSM/Sarjana/Doktor Falsafah)* ini disimpan di Perpustakaan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia dengan syarat-syarat kegunaan seperti berikut : 1. Tesis adalah hakmilik Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. 2. Perpustakaan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia dibenarkan membuat salinan untuk tujuan pengajian sahaja. 3. Perpustakaan dibenarkan membuat salinan tesis ini sebagai bahan pertukaran antara institusi pengajian tinggi. 4. ** Sila tandakan ( ) SULIT (Mengandungi maklumat yang berdarjah keselamatan atau kepentingan Malaysia seperti yang termaktub di dalam AKTA RAHSIA RASMI 1972). TERHAD (Mengandungi maklumat TERHAD yang telah ditentukan oleh organisasi/badan di mana penyelidikan dijalankan). TIDAK TERHAD Disahkan oleh (TANDATANGAN PENULIS) (TANDATANGAN PENYELIA) Alamat Tetap : 40 JALAN GETAH, 96100 SARIKEI, SARAWAK. EN. MOHAMAD ABDILLAH ROYO Nama Penyelia Tarikh: 2 Mei 2008 Tarikh: 2 Mei 2008 CATATAN * Potong yang tidak berkenaan. ** Jenis tesis ini SULIT atau TERHAD, sila lampirkan surat daripada pihak berkuasa/organisasi berkenaan dengan menyatakan sekali sebab dan tempoh tesis ini perlu dikelaskan sebagai SULIT atau TERHAD. Tesis dimaksudkan sebagai tesis bagi Ijazah Doktor Falsafah dan Sarjana secara penyelidikan atau disertasi bagi pengajian secara kerja kursus dan penyelidikan atau Laporan Projek Sarjana Muda (PSM).
DEVELOPMENT OF A COMPUTER ASSISTED LEARNING (CAL) FOR ELECTRIC AND ELECTRONIC STUDIES (EEES): ELECTROMAGNETISM LOH KIONG SOON This thesis is submitted as a partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology and Education (Electrical Engineering) FACULTY OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY TECHNOLOGY MALAYSIA 2008
ii SUPERVISOR S CERTIFICATION I declared that I have read this thesis entitled Development of a Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) For Electric and Electronic Studies (EEES): Electromagnetism and from my point of view, the scope and the quality of thesis have fulfilled the partial requirements needs for the award of the degree of Bachelor of Technology and Education (Electrical Engineering) Signature :... Supervisor : Mr. Mohamad Abdillah Royo Date : 2 May 2008
iii STUDENT S DECLARTION I declared that this thesis entitled Development of a Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) For Electric and Electronic Studies (EEES): Electromagnetism is the result of my own research except as cited in references. The thesis has not been accepted for any degree and is not concurrently submitted in candidature of any degree. Signature :... Name of Candidate : Loh Kiong Soon Date : 2 May 2008
iv To Almighty GOD, mom, brothers and sisters
v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am glad to have this chance to indicate my appreciation to my supervisor Mr. Mohamad Abdillah Royo, for purposing this research topic, for his moral support and guidance throughout the project development process, and for his impressive integrity and academic responsibility. I would like to thank my course mates and friends without whom I would not success to complete my project in time. Thanks for the sincere help, cares and comments that encourage me a lot in the period of development. I am feeling deeply grateful to my mom for her support: and thanks to my brothers and sisters. Lastly, I thank God for giving me good health, strong will and faith to complete this thesis.
vi ABSTRACT For the past 50 years, computers have had a profound effect on human and have advanced our lives in immeasurable ways, especially in educational field. This research is carried out with the aim to develop Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) multimedia software in Electromagnetism. This software is aimed for Form 4 students who are taking subject Electrical and Electronic Engineering Studies (EEES) or for teachers who are teaching this subject. The interactive multimedia software presents information to users through the variety of media such as animation, audio, video, hypertext or hotspot. It allow the users to participate and control information with the navigational interface includes the functions move forward and backward one screen at a time within the lesson, jump to lessons of interest and learn related information on topics that are presented. This software is packaged into a compact disc (CD) for playback purpose. Major programs used in developing this multimedia software were Macromedia Authorware 7.0, Macromedia Flash MX, Adobe Photoshop CS2, Sound Editor and MPEG Editor. This multimedia software with attractive presentation can benefit students. The users can learn theories, principles, application and extra knowledge of Electromagnetism after exploring this software.
vii ABSTRAK Sejak lima puluh tahun yang lalu, komputer telah memberi pengaruh yang besar kepada manusia dan mempertingkatkan mutu hidip manusia dalam pelbagai bidang, terutamanya dalam bidang pendidikan. Penyelidikan ini dijalankan untuk membangunkan suatu perisian multimedia Pembelajaran Berbantukan Komputer (PBK) bertajuk Keelekromagnetan. Perisian ini ditujukan kepada pelajar-pelajar yang mengambil mata pelajaran Pengajian Kejuruteraan Elektrik dan Elektronik (PKEE) ataupun guru-guru yang mengajar mata pelajaran ini. Perisian ini mengabungkan pelbagai media seperti animasi, audio, video, hypertext atau hotspot untuk mempersembahkan maklumat dengan berkesan. Perisian ini juga membenarkan pengguna untuk turut serta dalam mengawal maklumat dengan menggunakan antaramuka navigasi seperti fungsi mara dan berundur, kemudahan mencapai topik yang diminati dan belajar maklumat yang berkaitan. Perisian ini dipakejkan ke dalam cakera padat untuk kemudahan dimainkan semula. Perisian utama yang digunakan untuk menbangunkan perisian multimedia ini adalah Macromedia Authorware 7.0, Macromedia Flash MX, Adobe Photoshop CS2, Sound Editor dan MPEG Editor. Persembahan yang menarik di dalam perisian multimedia ini dapat memberi manfaat kepada pengguna. Mereka dapat mempelajari teori-teori, prinsip-prinsip, applikasi dan pengetahuan tambahan yang berkaitan dengan Keelektromagnetan selepas menerokai perisian ini.
TABLE OF CONTENT CHAPTER TITLE PAGE TITLE SUPERVISOR S CERTIFICATION STUDENT S DECLARATION DEDICATION ACKN OWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT ABSTRAK TABLE OF CONTENT NOMENCLATURE LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF APPENDICES i ii iii iv v vi vii viii xiii xiv xv 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Background of the Problem 1.3 Statement of the Problem 1.4 Objectives of the Project 1.5 Rationale of the Project 1.6 Important of the Project 1.7 Scope of the Project 1.8 Operational Definitions 1 1 2 4 4 4 5 6 6
ix 1.8.1 Multimedia 1.8.2 Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) 1.8.3 Electromagnetism 1.8.4 Electrical and Electronic Engineering Studies (EEES) 1.8.5 CD-ROM 1.8.6 Text 1.8.7 Graphic 1.8.8 Audio 1.8.9 Video 1.8.10 Animation 1.9 Conclusion 6 7 7 7 7 8 8 8 8 9 9 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Introduction 2.2 History of Computer Assisted Learning 2.3 Advantages of Computer Assisted Learning 2.3.1 Advantages for Students 2.3.2 Advantages for Teachers 2.3.3 Advantages for Schools 2.4 Disadvantages of Computer Assisted Learning 2.4.1 Disadvantages for Students 2.4.2 Disadvantages for Teachers 2.4.3 Disadvantages for Schools 2.5 Learning Theory 2.5.1 Behaviorisms Learning Theory 2.5.2 Cognitive Learning Theory 2.5.3 Constructivism Learning Theory 2.6 Multimedia Elements 2.6.1 Text 2.6.2 Graphic 2.6.3 Audio 10 10 10 11 12 13 13 14 14 15 15 15 16 17 18 19 19 19 20
x 2.6.4 Video 2.6.5 Animation 2.7 Software Design Model 2.7.1 ADDIE Model 2.8 Conclusion 20 21 21 24 27 3 COMPUTER ASSISTER LEARNING DESIGN 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Software Development and Process 3.2.1 Analysis phase 3.2.2 Design Phase 3.2.3 Development 3.2.4 Implementation 3.2.5 Evaluation 3.3 Learning Theory 3.4 Selection Software Selection 3.5 Hardware Selection 3.6 Conclusion 28 28 28 29 29 30 30 30 31 31 33 34 4 COMPUTER ASSISTER LEARNING DEVELOPMENT 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Basic of the Software 4.2.1 Starter Display 4.2.2 Registration Display 4.2.3 Name Confirmation Display 4.2.4 Objective of Lesson Display 4.2.5 Main Menu Display 4.2.6 Lesson Display 4.2.7 Lesson Topic Display 4.2.8 Display of Do You Know? 4.2.9 Quiz Display 35 35 35 36 36 37 38 38 39 40 39 40
xi 4.2.10 Objective Quiz Display 4.2.11 Subjective Quiz Display 4.2.12 Quiz Result Display 4.2.13 Activities Display 4.2.14 Flash or Video Clip Display 4.2.15 Glossary Display 4.2.16 About Display 4.2.17 Exit Display 4.3 Components in the Software 4.3.1 Text 4.3.2 Graphic 4.3.3 Audio 4.3.4 Video 4.3.5 Animation 4.4 CAL Packaging 4.5 Conclusion 42 42 43 44 44 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 48 49 49 50 5 COMPUTER ASSISTER LEARNING DEVELOPMENT 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Problems and Ways to Overcome During Development 5.2.1 Lack of Skills and Knowledge 5.2.2 Short of Time 5.2.3 Lack of Sources 5.2.4 Technical Disruption 5.3 Strength and Weakness of the Software 5.3.1 Strength of the Software 5.3.2 Weakness of the Software 5.4 Suggestions 5.4.1 Focus a Sub Topic 5.4.2 Induction Set and Learning Outcome Evaluation 5.4.3 Provide Quality Video Clips 51 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 56 56 57 57
xii 5.5 Conclusion 57 REFERENCES 58 APPENDICES 62
xiii LIST OF NOMENCLATURES ADDIE CAL CPU CD CD-ROM UTM EEES ID IT KPM MOE MSC RAM T&L T&V Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation Computer Assisted Learning Central Processing Unit Compact Disc Compact Disc-Read Only Memory University Technology Malaysia Electrical and Electronic Studies Instructional Design Information Technology Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia Ministry of Education Malaysia Multimedia Super Corridor Random Access Memory Teaching and Learning Technical and Vocational
xiv LIST OF FIGURES NO.FIGURE TITLE PAGE 4.1 Starter Display 4.2 Registration Display 4.3 Name Confirmation Display 4.4 Lesson Objective Display 4.5 Main Menu Display 4.6 Lesson Display 4.7 Lesson Topic Display 4.8 Display of Do You Know? 4.9 Quiz Display 4.10 Objective Quiz Display 4.11 Subjective Quiz Display 4.12 Quiz Result Display 4.13 Activities Display 4.14 Flash or Video Clip Display 4.15 Glossary Display 4.16 About Display 4.17 Exit Display 35 35 36 37 37 38 39 39 40 41 41 42 43 43 44 45 45
xv LIST OF APPENDICES APPENDIX TITLE PAGE 1 Software Flowchart 2 Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) Evaluation Form 61 62
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Malaysia is guided by Vision 2020, which states that the country should have a fully developed, matured and knowledge rich society at the day. In order to achieve the Vision, Malaysia has an ambitious plan to embrace the Information Age and become a leader in information and multimedia technology. New directions have once again been set for the future prosperity of the country. Malaysia Plan which comes out every 5 years is a pillar for country development. Information Technology (IT) is one of the fields included. The usage of computer technology in education is not a new thing but already exist at eastern country like America and Europe since 1960. Advances in information and computer technology have transformed the people live, work, communicate, and learn (Mustafa Koc, 2005). For the last decades, computer technology has been playing an important role in amplifying the expectation of indispensable skills for making a successful career in the future workplace. In education content, it is not only can help in management tasks but also have potential as a tool to coloring all subjects teaching and learning (T&L) environment. Computer technology had integrated in Malaysia school curriculums as an exertion to sow and encourage positive desire and attitude in technology development. School culture must change from just depend memory education to high thinking, creative and sympathetic by using the latest technology (KPM, 1997).
2 By year 2013, Malaysia estimate will have around 8,000 Smart Schools. At that time, students and teachers are not need to bring school bags or heavy books to school anymore, they just need bring CD, pen drive or computer hard disk go to school in T&L progress. As mention before, computer is an efficient education tools. This is because it can integrate animation, audio, video together with T&L contents. The usage of education software is a good method to make students easier to understand in learning. We can notices that this method has high effectiveness with traditional method. 1.2 Background of the Problem Education in Malaysia is a continuously learning progress to construct a human being which is balance and harmonic in intellectual, spiritual, emotional, and physicality. Education must always blooming along with new age and the latest technology. Government had been launching Smart School due it. Smart school is equipped with technology which can improve education system in Malaysia and prepare skilful man power to face tomorrow challenges. Teachers are responsible in educating a generation that can contribute to our future nation and country. Nowadays, many teachers still are use traditional teaching methods which use chalk and black board. The teaching methodology used such as pure lecture by teacher in the front and the students sit and listen at the back is lack of variety in the presentation (Mckinney & Yoos, 1998). Traditional teaching methods already were not suitable for today s students. In a sense, T&L only flows in a linear fashion (Grasha, 1997). They are not interest with teacher s center style which has much limitation in T&L progress. Both tasks pose problems to teachers who are used to follow traditional teaching methods so far (Manfred, 2003). Besides, traditional teaching method such as the talk and chalk technique, and classroom lecture, might only allow limited amount of information to send from lecturers to students. This is because it is depend on knowledge acquired by lecturers
3 (Noriah Ishak, 2003). This statement show that no all teachers can competent all topics taught. The more knowledge the lecturer acquires; the more information will be disseminated to the students (Rosseni, 2003). Traditional classroom also provides limited space for learning. Students can only interact among their course mates and the teacher who teach them (Aidah, 2003). This space can only be expanded if the students themselves take the initiative to interact with people outside the learning boundary. Nowadays, class room accentuation is changed from teacher center to student center. To make T&L effective, teachers can not just play role like a sage on the stage but more suitable as a guide by the side (King Alison, 2005). Today s students are described as open and accepting, multi-taskers, curious, willing to experiment, fiercely independent, capable of thinking and investigating, self-reliant, assertive discovery learners, extensive users of technology and prepared to learn any where, any time. While a part of the class may involve the teacher demonstrating, explaining or lecturing, important segments of classroom time must take into account the changing nature of students and their expectations (Nancy, 2006). Computer Assisted Learning can be defined as a computer program or file developed specifically for educational purposes Progress teaching and learning are more effective by using computer software (Charles E. Townsend). Therefore, emphasizes computer learning system in electromagnetism should be given to improve teachers and students and supervise this topic. Therefore, the usage of Computer Assisted Learning (CAL) software is an intelligent methodology to overcome T&L problems. The CAL software will integrate text, visual, audio, and animation then can more clarify the content. In order to make a lesson smoothly and achieve its objectives, teachers should find alternatives way to let the students learn though it that won t take too much time. The CAL software enable the students explore their knowledge according to what they wish for actively. Students will always teach themselves better than the world s best trainers. Computer technology allows a learner to be his or her own teacher (Schank, 2002).
4 1.3 Statement of the Problem Electromagnetism is an important topic in subject Electrical and Electronic Engineering Studies (EEES) but this topic is very hard to understand well because it is too theoretical and abstract. Traditional teaching method using lecture in class won t help the students to understand thoroughly. This project is aimed to designed and develop software that will bring the user close to the Electromagnetism with graphic, audio, video, animation and so on. This will equipped up students with more knowledge then supervise this topic. 1.4 Objectives of the Project The objectives of this project are as below: i. To develop a software for the topic of Electromagnetism. ii. To develop interactive software to fulfill needs of subject EEES and all technical school. iii. To integrated multimedia application for students in order help them to understand the topic better. iv. To evaluate effectiveness of the software. 1.5 Rationale of the Project Computer is very important to us in daily life. Computers are greater importance in school based learning within the next 10 years (Henry, 2001). So, it is very important that we must integrated teaching with computer technology. This topic had been choosing is because it has great potential and useful in engineering field. An electrical engineer or mechanical engineers need knowledge of
5 electromagnetism as an elementary need. By this knowledge, they are able to solve problems for future career. Further more, government had prepared a lots of facilities to school for computerization T&L. Million of Ringgit Malaysia are to spend to provide the IT infrastructures and develop CAL software. CAL software can make T&L more efficient and flexible. Topic Electromagnetism has a lots of abstract concepts are difficult to understand and bored by using traditional teaching style which just use oral and text. CAL enable the students construct their knowledge through meaningful experience that had go through. Therefore, students are more motivated to learn this topic then can more confidents and supervise this topic. 1.6 Important of the Project This project prepared a suitable and efficient teaching method for technical and vocational (T&V) teachers to teach topic Electromagnetism. It helps teachers to master generic skills and build up students confident from their lesson. By learning through the learning from this project, students can understand the topic of electromagnetism and able to join with daily live. Students can repeat learning progress any time and not limit by time and equipments. The software also will give accurate explanation and will not change or depend on teacher s knowledge, experience and skills. Thus, it can help students to master this topic. As a result, they can supervise it and more confidents in subject EEES. This project also contributes to Ministry of Education Malaysia (MOE). This project may used as a reference for MOE to produce an effective T&L strategy in studying Electromagnetism.