Education Trends
Public School enrollment by Region and Ethnicity Public School Students by Race/Ethnicity and U.S. Census Region 2010 2011 School Year 5.0% United States 52.4% 16.0% 23.1% 3.5% 6.2% Northeast 60.4% 15.0% 16.9% 1.5% 3.0% South 47.2% 24.2% 22.4% 3.4% 2.9% Midwest 69.1% 14.2% 10.2% 3.7% West 40.5% 5.5% 40.0% 9.2% 4.9% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Caucasian African American Hispanic/LaHno Asian/Pacific Islander Other Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (table prepared in October 2012) 43
In the fall of 2010, 49.5 million students were enrolled in public schools in pre-kindergarten through 12th grade. The South census region had the highest public school enrollment in the fall of 2010, with 18.8 million students in pre-kindergarten through 12th grade, followed by 12.0 million in the West, 10.6 million in the Midwest, and 8.1 million in the Northeast census regions. The share of enrollment for Caucasian and Hispanic/Latino students in the West census region is about 40 percent for each group. In the other three regions, the share of Caucasian students was at least 20 percentage points greater than Hispanic/Latino students in 2010. From fall 2000 through fall 2010, the number of students enrolled in public schools increased 4.8 percent, from 47.2 million to 49.5 million. The number of Caucasian students decreased by 2.9 million (a 10.2% decrease) and the number of African American students decreased by 181,000 (a 2.2% decrease). The number of Hispanic/ Latino students increased by 3.7 million (a 48.0% increase) and the number of Asian/Pacific Islander students increased by 117,000 (a 26.6% increase). The Condition of Education 2013, National Center for Education Statistics 44
Public School EnrollMENT trends 2011 2021 30,000 by Ethnicity Projections of Education Statistics 2011 to 2021 by Ethnicity (public school students enrolled in pre-kindergarten through 12th grade) Enrollment in Thousands 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 25,755 25,525 25,417 25,350 25,311 25,338 11,673 12,161 12,688 13,200 13,676 14,170 7,902 7,876 7,949 8,035 8,135 8,273 0 2,535 2,653 2,777 2,906 3,015 3,117 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 Caucasian Hispanic/La8no African American Asian/Pacific Islander YEAR Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data (table prepared in October 2012) 45
Between 2011 and 2021, the number of students enrolled in public elementary and secondary schools is expected to grow from 49.6 million to 53.1 million, a 7 percent increase. In the next 10 years, the share of Caucasian students in public schools is expected to drop more than four percentage points, from 51.9 percent to 47.7 percent. The share of Hispanic/ Latino students is expected to increase 3.2 percentage points to 26.7 percent of the student population. The share of African American students is expected to decrease slightly, from 15.9 percent to 15.6 percent. The share of Asian students is expected to increase about one percentage point, from 5.1 percent to 5.9 percent. Projections of Education Statistics to 2021, National Center for Education Statistics, 2012 46
Traditional Charter and Public School Students Elementary and Secondary Public School Students by Ethnicity 2010 2011 School Year 3.7% Charter 36.2% 27.3% 28.9% 3.8% Caucasian African American Hispanic/La3no 5.0% Asian/Pacific Islander Other Tradi3onal 53.1% 22.9% 15.5% 3.5% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data, Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey, 1999 2000 through 2010 2011 (table prepared in October 2012) In the 2010 2011 school year, 49.2 million students were enrolled in public elementary and secondary schools, with 47.4 million in traditional public schools, and 1.8 million in charter schools. More than half (53.1%) of the students in traditional public schools are Caucasian. The share of Hispanic/Latino students in charter schools is nearly double that in traditional schools (28.9% and 15.5%, respectively). The share of African American students is also greater in charter schools (27.3%) than in traditional public schools (22.9%). U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data, Public Elementary/ Secondary School Universe Survey, 1999 2000 through 2010 2011 (table prepared in October 2012) 47
Charter Public Schools Public Elementary and Secondary Schools by Selected Characteristics (2010 2011 school year) West 37.9% Northeast 9.5% South 29.5% Midwest 23.1% Source: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Common Core of Data, Public Elementary/Secondary School Universe Survey, 1999 2000 through 2010 2011 (table prepared in October 2012) The number of all public schools has increased from 92,012 in fall 1999 to 98,817 in fall 2010, an increase of 7.4 percent. The number of charter schools has more than doubled, from 1,524 in 1999 to 5,274 in 2010. The West census region has the highest percentage of charter schools in the U.S. (37.9%), followed by 29.5 percent in the South, 23.1 percent in the Midwest, and only 9.5 percent in the Northeast. A school is classified as a high-poverty school when more than 75 percent of the students qualify for free or reduced-price lunch. In 2010 2011, 21.3 percent of all public schools were identified as high poverty, compared with 11.9 percent in 1999 2000. In fall 2010, 33.1 percent of charter schools and 20.7 percent of traditional schools were high poverty. The Condition of Education, 2013, Characteristics of Public Elementary and Secondary Schools, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics 48
PRIVATE Schools and Students Private Elementary and Secondary Schools and Students (2011 2012 school year) Type of School Number of Students Number of Schools Average Tuition Catholic 1,892,490 6,760 $6,890 Other Religious 1,604,900 13,040 $8,690 Nonsectarian 982,140 6,430 $21,510 Total 4,479,530 26,230 $10,740 Source: Private School Data File, National Center for Education Statistics, 2013 The average tuition for elementary students in private schools in 2011 2012 was $7,770. The average for secondary students was $13,030. Private school enrollment in prekindergarten through grade 12 has decreased from 5.1 million in 2003 2004 to 4.5 million in 2011 2012. During the 2009 2010 school year, about 10 percent of all elementary and secondary school students were in private school compared to 12 percent of students during the 1995 1996 school year. Private School Data File, National Center for Education Statistics, 2013 The number of homeschool students in spring of 2010 is estimated at 1.73 to 2.35 million. It appears that the homeschool population has grown 2 percent to 8 percent per annum over the past few years. Research Facts on Homeschooling, Brian D. Ray, Ph.D., National Home Education Research Institute, 2011 49
GRADUATION in the U.S. Graduation Rates for the U.S. Class of 2009 All Students 73.4% Males Females 69.6% 76.4% White, non-hispanic 78.8% African American Hispanic* 63.0% 58.7% Asian 80.5% 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 60.0% 70.0% 80.0% 90.0% percent PERCENT *Hispanic can be of any race. Source: The Condition of Education, 2012, U.S. Department of Education The U.S. graduation rate continues to improve. From 1999 to 2009, the nation s graduation rate increased by 7.4 percentage points, from 66.0 percent to 73.4 percent. The rate increased 1.7 percentage points from the 2008 rate of 71.7 percent. Graduation rates for Latino students increased by 5.5 percentage points from 2008 to 2009, with African Americans posting a rise of 1.7 points. Both groups have posted increases of 10 percentage points in their graduation rates since 1999. Graduation rates also increased in threequarters of the states from 2008 to 2009. Diplomas Count 2012, Education Week 50
High School Dropouts DROPOUT RATE Percentage of High School Dropouts Among Persons 16 Through 24 Years Old (status dropout rate) 30% 25% 20% 15% 10% 5% 29.4% Hispanic/Latino 25.3% 25.7% 21.4% African American All Races 13.7% 13.4% Caucasian 11.0% 11.0% 11.3% 12.7% 8.7% 7.7% 7.6% 10.5% 7.5% 8.4% 6.5% 6.6% 5.3% 4.3% 0% 1992 1997 2002 2007 2012 Year Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Survey (CPS) (table prepared May 2013) The status dropout rate represents the percentage of 16- through 24-year-olds who are not enrolled in school and have not earned a diploma or an equivalency credential such as a General Educational Development (GED) certificate. Over the past 20 years, the status dropout rate has decreased 4.4 percentage points from 11.0 percent in 1992 to 6.6 percent in 2012, with the largest decrease among Hispanics/Latinos (16.7 percentage points from 29.4% to 12.7%), followed by a 6.2 percentage point decrease (from 13.7% to 7.5%) among African Americans. U.S. Department of Commerce, Current Population Survey (CPS) (table prepared in May 2013) The dropout rate for high-income families is consistently lower than the rate for lowincome families. However, the difference has narrowed from a gap of 21 percentage points in 1990 to 11 percentage points in 2011. The Condition of Education 2013, National Center for Education Statistics 51
College Enrollment 41.0% All enrolled 35.5% in the U.S. Percentage of 18- to 24-Year-Olds Enrolled in Degree-Granting Institutions by Selected Characteristics Male Female 37.6% 32.6% 44.5% 38.4% Asian Caucasian Hispanic/La7no African American 21.7% 42.1% 38.7% 37.5% 36.4% 30.5% 59.8% 55.9% 2012 2000 In 2- year ins7tu7on In 4- year ins7tu7on 12.7% 9.4% 28.3% 26.0% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Survey (CPS), October, 1967 2012 (table prepared in May 2013) The portion of 18- to 24-year-olds enrolled in degree-granting institutions has increased 5.5 percentage points, from 35.5 percent in 2000 to 41.0 percent in 2012. While the percentage of males enrolled has increased five percentage points, from 32.6 percent in 2000 to 37.6 percent in 2012, the percentage of females has increased at a higher rate (6.1 points) from 38.4 percent in 2000 to 44.5 percent in 2012. Hispanics/Latinos have shown the highest percentage of increase 15.8 points from 21.7 percent of the Hispanic/Latino young adult population in 2000 to 37.5 percent in 2012. U.S. Department of Commerce, Census Bureau, Current Population Survey (CPS), October, 1967 2012 (table prepared in May 2013) The total enrollment for all sectors for fall 2012 is estimated at 20.2 million. Current Term Enrollment Report Fall 2012, National Student Clearinghouse Research Center, 2012 52
Undergraduate Tuition and EXPENSES Sector Average Estimated Full-Time Undergraduate Budgets, 2013 2014 Public Two-Year Commuter Source: The College Board, Annual Survey of Colleges (table prepared in October 2013) The average total of tuition, fees, and room and board charges for a public four-year college are $18,391 ranging from a high of $21,791 in the New England census area to $15,757 in the Southwest. Over the last 10 years, the tuition and fees charged by public four-year colleges have increased an average of 4.2 percent each year. The Middle States census region has seen the smallest change, with an increase of $1,955 (26%) from 2003 2004 to 2013 2014. The West census region has seen the greatest change, increasing $4,048 (86%). The College Board, Annual Survey of Colleges (table prepared in October 2013) Public Four-Year In-State On-Campus Public Four-Year Out-of-State On-Campus Private Nonprofit Four-Year On-Campus Tuition and Fees $3,264 $8,893 $22,203 $30,094 Room and Board $7,466 $9,498 $9,498 $10,823 Books and Supplies $1,270 $1,207 $1,207 $1,253 Transportation $1,708 $1,123 $1,123 $990 Other Expenses $2,225 $2,105 $2,105 $1,590 Total Expenses $15,933 $22,826 $36,136 $44,750 Note: Expense categories are based on institutional budgets for students as reported by colleges and universities in the Annual Survey of Colleges. They do not necessarily reflect actual student expenditures. In 2010 2011, 85 percent of firsttime, full-time, undergraduate students at four-year public institutions received financial aid in the form of student loans (51%), institutional grants (40%), federal grants (39%), and state/local grants (38%). The Condition of Education 2013, National Center for Education Statistics The National Merit Scholarship Corporation reports 10,244 recipients were awarded $49.9 million in Merit, Special, and Achievement Scholarships in 2012. National Merit Scholarship Corporation 2011 2012 Annual Report In 2013, the National Eagle Scout Association awarded scholarships to 218 Eagle Scouts, totaling $594,500. National Eagle Scout Association, 2013 53
Bachelor s Degrees undergraduate field of study Business, management, marketing, and personal and culinary services Social sciences and history Health professions and related programs Education Psychology Visual and performing arts Engineering and engineering technologies number of bachelor S degrees awarded (in thousands) Source: The Condition of Education 2012, U.S. Department of Education Undergraduate enrollment increased from 12.7 million students in fall 1999 to 17.6 million in fall 2009. Overall, 33.3 percent more bachelor s degrees were awarded in 2009 2010 than in 1999 2000. Bachelor s degrees awarded in the field of parks, recreation, leisure, and fitness studies exhibited the largest percent increase (from 17,600 degrees in 1999 2000 to 33,300 degrees in 2009 2010, a 89.6 percent increase). 58.8 80.9 97.2 74.2 127.1 101.3 108.0 91.8 88.7 73.3 129.6 172.8 256.1 358.3 2009-2010 1999-2000 1999-2000 2009-2010 0 100 200 300 400 The second largest percent increase was in the field of homeland security, law enforcement, firefighting, and related protective services (from 24,900 degrees in 1999 2000 to 43,700 degree in 2009 2010, a 75.5 percent change). Education was the only field in which fewer bachelor s degrees were awarded in 2009 2010 (101,300 degrees) than in 1999 2000 (108,000 degrees), a decrease of 6.3 percent. The Condition of Education 2012, U.S. Department of Education 54
Educational Attainment 2012 Adults Over Age 25 Selected Characteristics (percent of population) Total 12.4% 30.3% 16.7% 9.7% 14.1% 16.8% Males 12.8% 30.7% 16.4% 8.7% 14.5% 16.8% Females Caucasian, non- Hispanic Hispanic/La<no African American Asian 12.0% 7.5% 15.0% 11.1% 30.5% 35.0% 29.9% 20.6% 34.0% 10.2% 17.0% 17.1% 29.9% 7.0% Source: 2012 Annual Social and Economic Supplement, U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey From 1995 to 2012, the percentage of 25- to 29-year-olds who attained a bachelor s degree or higher increased from 26 to 40 percent for non-hispanic Caucasians, from 13 to 23 percent for African Americans, and from 8 to 15 percent for Hispanics/Latinos. From 1995 to 2012, the percentage of 25- to 29-year-olds who attained a master s degree or higher increased for non-hispanic Caucasians from 5 to 8 percent, and for African Americans from 2 to 5 percent. 10.5% 10.4% 20.3% 24.5% 13.8% 15.5% 13.7% 9.4% 6.8% 9.2% 16.7% 19.0% 7.8% 26.6% 12.0% 6.7% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% No diploma High school or equivalent College, no degree Associate's degree Bachelor's degree Post- graduate educa<on In 2012, the median annual earnings for all 25- to 34-year-olds was $37,950. The median for those in this age group with only a high-school diploma was $29,950; for those with only a bachelor s degree, the median was $44,970 and, for those with a master s degree or higher, the median was $59,230. The Condition of Education, 2013, U.S. Department of Education, National Center of Education Statistics 55