UC/ACCORD RESEARCH TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE

UC/ACCORD RESEARCH TO MAKE A DIFFERENCE Accountability for Educational Outcomes: A Conversation for All Stakeholders, Co-Director California Opportunity Indicators Project and UC ACCORD Post-Doctoral Scholar August 25, 2005 Where is Latino Student Enrollment Concentrated in CA? Top 10 Districts with Largest Latino Enrollment 500,000 400,000 300,000 32% of CA s Latino student enrollment is concentrated in 10 school districts 200,000 100,000 0 Los Angeles Santa Ana San Diego City Long Beach Fresno Unified Montebello San Fontana Pomona Garden Grove Unified Unified Unified Unified Unified Bernardino Unified Unified Unified City Unified 1

Where is African American Student Enrollment Concentrated in CA? Ten School Districts with Largest Enrollment 100,000 90,000 80,000 70,000 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10,0 0 0 0 LAUS D Oa kla nd S a n Die go City 43% of CA s African American student enrollment is concentrated in 10 districts Long Beach Sacramento West Contra City Costa San Bernardino City Compton San Francisco Elk Grove English Learners in CA Schools Number and Location of EL Students, Fall 2003 800,000 700,000 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 Nearly half of the EL student population in CA is in the South Coast (LA, Orange, and Ventura Counties). ELL 33% of South Coast students are classified as ELs 200,000 100,000 0 South Coast Bay Area San Joaquin Valley Inland Empire San Diego Central Coast Sacramento Metro Far North Sierras Source: Fall 2003 CELDT in Public Policy Institute of California Research Brief (April, 2005) 2

One out of three migrant students in U.S. lives in CA There are 300,000 migrant students enrolled in CA schools during the regular school year and 178,000 attending summer/intersession classes. Source: CA Department of Education, Overview of Migrant Education, 2004 College Opportunity Ratio (COR) Indicator that reports the effectiveness of the state s high schools in producing college-ready graduates COR = 9th graders: Grads 4-years later: A-G graduates For example: 300 9th graders in Fall 98: 200 Grads in Spring 02: 100 Grads passed A-G requirements COR = 100:67:33 SOURCE: Oakes, J. ; Mendoza, J, and Silver, D, (2004). California Opportunity Indicators: Informing and Monitoring California s Progress Toward Equitable College Access. www.ucaccord.org 3

College Opportunity Ratio (COR) California s 2002 Public HS Average COR for all Racial/Ethnic Groups (n=854) 100:69:27 100 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 69 27 0 9th Graders Fall 98 Grads 2002 A-G Grads 2002 Source: Derived from California Department of Education Data (CBEDS, SIF) www.ucaccord.org Average State COR 2002: Disparities Among Racial/Ethnic Groups 100 100 74 64 34 18 9th Graders Fall '98 Grads 2002 A-G Grads 2002 www.ucaccord.org White and Asian American Students Latino and African American Students 4

Counties vary in their success in helping collegehopeful 9 th graders complete four-year college-prep coursework. 14.6 14.7 State average COR 100 : 69 : 27 5

Karen Bass Average Statewide COR 2002 100 : 69 : 27 6

Critical Conditions for Student Achievement and College-Going Safe and adequate school facilities. College-going school culture. Rigorous academic curriculum. Qualified teachers. Intensive academic and social supports. Opportunities to develop a (multicultural) college-going identity. Family-school college-going connections. SOURCE: Oakes, J. (2002). Critical Conditions for Equity and Diversity in College Access: Informing Policy and Monitoring Results. www.ucaccord.org 7

Graduation Rate Estimates Differ Depending on Methodology Used 100 90 86.6 83.4 84.8 82.4 90.3 83.1 93.9 80 70 71.3 67.7 63.8 69.1 76.0 72.5 70.9 73.5 66.2 73.8 60 56.9 50 45.3 50.6 47.8 52.6 40 30 20 10 0 CALIFORNIA Los Angeles San Diego Lo ng Beach Fres no Santa Ana San City Francisco Official CPI San Bernardino C ity Oa kla nd S ac ram ento C ity S an J ua n SOURCE: Dr. Christopher B. Swanson, The Urban Institute Cumulative Promotion Index (CPI) Graduation Rate Estimates Graduation Rate (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 State average California COR Graduation Rates 2001-02 100 : 69 : 27 71.3 52.2 56.6 60.3 77.8 83.5 0 All Students Am Ind Black Hispanic White Asian Central City Districts SOURCE: Dr. Christopher B. Swanson, The Urban Institute 64.0 64.9 Racially Segregated Dis tricts 58.2 Socioeconomically Segregated Dis tricts 8

Created by the Institute for Democracy, Education & Access 20% more courses in these schools satisfy UC requirements 9

LAUSD high schools are located in some of LA s most economically disadvantaged neighborhoods. Only five HSs have GRAD CORs above the state average for L/AA students. State average COR 100 : 69 : 27 10

Forty-six HSs have GRAD CORs in the bottom quartile of the state for L/AA students. Only ten HSs have A-G CORs above the state average for L/AA students. State average COR 100 : 69 : 27 11

Twenty-seven HSs have A-G CORs in the bottom quartile of the state for L/AA students. LAUSD High Schools (n=57) 22,055 Grads 2004 Graphic designed by Nery Orellana, IDEA UCLA 12

Who Stays in LAUSD High Schools? Who Doesn t? Only 43% of all 9 th graders who entered LAUSD high schools in Fall 2000 were enrolled 3-years later. 9 th Graders Fall 00 Seniors Fall 03 (CR) All 59,097 25,521-33,576 (.43) Latino 41,934 17,018-24,916 (.41) Afr Am 7,554 3,031-4,524 (.40) White 5,835 3,111-2,724 (.53) Asian/PI 3,605 2,293-1,312 (.64) Am Ind 169 68-101 (.40) LAUSD High School Exit Patterns for Students Entering Ninth Grade in Fall 2000 25,000 Cumulative number of exiting students at three consecutive grade transitions. Gone After 3-Yrs. 20,000 Gone After 2-Yrs. 17,908 Gone After 1-Yr. Number of Students 15,000 10,000 5,000 72% of the total 4-year Latino student attrition occurs during the transition from 9 th to 10 th Grade 74% of the total 4-year Afr. Am. student attrition occurs during the transition from 9 th to 10 th Grade 3,340 0 1,568 759 Latino Afr Am White Asian/PI Am Ind Racial/Ethnic Group Chart created by 13

Continuation Rates for LAUSD Latino Students, by Gender and Language Fluency Only 41% of all Latino 9 th graders who entered LAUSD high schools in Fall 2000 were enrolled 3-years later. 9 th Graders Fall 00 Seniors Fall 03 (CR) LATINO 41,934 17,018-24,916 (.41) Gender Females 19,870 9,124-10,746 (.46) Males 22,064 7,894-14,170 (.36) Language English only 24,431 11,940-12,491 (.49) LEP 17,503 5,078-12,425 (.29) Continuation Rates for LAUSD African American Students Only 40% of all African American 9 th graders who entered LAUSD high schools in Fall 2000 were enrolled 3-years later. 9 th Graders Fall 00 Seniors Fall 03 (CR) Afr. Am. 7,554 3,031-4,523 (.40) Gender Females 3,748 1,688-2,060 (.45) Males 3,806 1,343-2,463 (.35) 14

Characteristics of all students who exit LAUSD between 9 th -10 th Grade 76% of all students (n=23,793) who leave high school between 9 th -10 th grade are Latino. 70% participate in the free/reduced lunch program. 68% are born in California. 30% have attended US schools for nearly a decade. Why Students Drop Out Students drop out for many different reasons Dropout symptoms often appear in elementary school Dropping out influenced by both individual and institutional factors SOURCE: Rumberger, R. (2004). Why Students Drop Out of School. In Orfield (Editor), Dropouts in America: Confronting the Graduation Rate Crisis (pp.131-156). 15

Reasons for Dropping Out ANY SCHOOL REASON Did not like school Could not get along w ith teachers Could not get along w ith students Was suspended from school Did not feel safe at school Expelled from school Felt did not belong in school Could not keep up w ith schoolw ork Failing in school Changed schools and did not like the new one ANY FAMILY REASON Became the parent of a baby Had to support my family Had to care for a family member Got married or planned to get married ANY JOB REASON Got a job Could not w ork and go to school at same time 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 SOURCE: Berktold, J., Geis, S., & Kaufman, P. (1998). Subsequent Educational Attainment of High School Dropouts. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education. Schools with the highest number of students that exit system are located in LA s most EDUCATIONALLY disadvantaged neighborhoods. Insert Map of Educational Attainment A 16

Who Graduates from LAUSD High Schools? Who Doesn t? After accounting for legitimate transfers, only 44% of all 9 th graders in the Fall 2000 cohort graduated 4-years later. Cohort Cohort Fall 00 Fall 03 Grads Grad Rate All 59,097 25,521 23,055 44% Latino 41,934 17,018 15,132 41% Afr Am 7,554 3,031 2,743 43% White 5,835 3,111 2,944 58% Asian/PI 3,605 2,293 2,170 67% Am Ind 169 68 66 46% Keeping Track of the Leavers 26,373 Students Disappear Graphic designed by Nery Orellana, IDEA UCLA 17

LAUSD Leave Code L1 = Same school L2 = Another LAUSD school L3 = Another Public School in CA L4 = Private school in CA L5 = Other state/out of United States L7 = Graduate L8 = Unknown/Deceased Missing LAUSD Students, by Race/Ethnicity All Students 26,373 100% Latino 20,081.76 Afr Am 3,337.13 White 1,935.07 Asian/PI 943.04 Am Ind 77.003 18

Policy Recommendations Develop a Council of Research Advisors. Require schools to publicly report continuation rates. Require schools to report 4-year graduation rates. Carefully monitor how schools L-out students. Map important educational outcomes. Ensure LAUSD s dropout prevention and intervention strategies address the educational needs of all students (LEP/Special Ed/Gender). Co-Director, California Opportunity Indictors Project mendoza@gseis.ucla.edu UCLA/UC ACCORD 1041 Moore Hall Box 951521 Los Angeles, CA 90095 Tel: (310) 267-4412 19