Cognition Beyond the Brain

Cognition Beyond the Brain

Stephen J. Cowley Frédéric Vallée-Tourangeau Editors Cognition Beyond the Brain Computation, Interactivity and Human Artifice

Editors Stephen J. Cowley School of Psychology University of Hertfordshire Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK and Department of Language and Communication University of Southern Denmark Slagelse, Denmark Frédéric Vallée-Tourangeau Department of Psychology Kingston University Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK ISBN 978-1-4471-5124-1 ISBN 978-1-4471-5125-8 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4471-5125-8 Springer London Heidelberg New York Dordrecht Library of Congress Control Number: 2013941878 Springer-Verlag London 2013 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Cover image: Auguste Rodin s Le Penseur, photo courtesy of Gertjan R. (CC BY-SA 3.0) Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Contents 1 Human Thinking Beyond the Brain... 1 Frédéric Vallée-Tourangeau and Stephen J. Cowley 2 Human Agency and the Resources of Reason... 13 Martin Neumann and Stephen J. Cowley 3 Judgement Aggregation and Distributed Thinking... 31 Kai Spiekermann 4 Computer-Mediated Trust in Self-interested Expert Recommendations... 53 Jonathan Ben-Naim, Jean-François Bonnefon, Andreas Herzig, Sylvie Leblois, and Emiliano Lorini 5 Living as Languaging: Distributed Knowledge in Living Beings... 71 Anton Markoš, Jana Švorcová, and Josef Lhotský 6 The Quick and the Dead: On Temporality and Human Agency... 93 Bent Holshagen Hemmingsen 7 You Want a Piece of Me? Paying Your Dues and Getting Your Due in a Distributed World...113 Peter E. Jones 8 Distributed Cognition at the Crime Scene...131 Chris Baber 9 Socially Distributed Cognition in Loosely Coupled Systems...147 Mark Perry 10 Thinking with External Representations...171 David Kirsh 11 Human Interactivity: Problem-Solving, Solution-Probing and Verbal Patterns in the Wild...195 Sune Vork Steffensen v

vi Contents 12 Interactivity and Embodied Cues in Problem Solving, Learning and Insight: Further Contributions to a Theory of Hints...223 Linden J. Ball and Damien Litchfield 13 Naturalising Problem Solving...241 Frédéric Vallée-Tourangeau and Gaëlle Villejoubert 14 Systemic Cognition: Human Artifice in Life and Language...255 Stephen J. Cowley and Frédéric Vallée-Tourangeau Author Index...275 Subject Index...283

Contributors Chris Baber Electronic, Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK Linden J. Ball School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK Jonathan Ben-Naim CNRS and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; IRIT, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France Jean-François Bonnefon CNRS and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CLLE, Maison de la Recherche, Toulouse, France Stephen J. Cowley School of Psychology, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, Hertfordshire, UK; Department of Language and Communication, University of Southern Denmark, Slagelse, Denmark Bent Holshagen Hemmingsen København N, Denmark Andreas Herzig CNRS and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; IRIT, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France Peter E. Jones Department of Humanities, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK David Kirsh Department of Cognitive Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA Sylvie Leblois CNRS and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; CLLE, Maison de la Recherche, Toulouse, France Josef Lhotský Faculty of Science, Department of Philosophy and History of Science, Charles University Prague, Praha 2, Czech Republic Damien Litchfield Department of Psychology, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, Lancashire, UK vii

viii Contributors Emiliano Lorini CNRS and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; IRIT, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France Anton Markoš Faculty of Science, Department of Philosophy and History of Science, Charles University Prague, Praha 2, Czech Republic Martin Neumann University of Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany Mark Perry Department of Information Systems and Computing, Brunel University, Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK Kai Spiekermann Department of Government, London School of Economics, London, UK Sune Vork Steffensen Centre for Human Interactivity, Institute of Language and Communication, University of Southern Denmark, Odense M, Denmark Jana Švorcová Faculty of Science, Department of Philosophy and History of Science, Charles University Prague, Praha 2, Czech Republic Frédéric Vallée-Tourangeau Department of Psychology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK Gaëlle Villejoubert Department of Psychology, Kingston University, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK