Functional Grammar in the ESL Classroom

Functional Grammar in the ESL Classroom

Also by Rodney H. Jones ADVANCES IN DISCOURSE STUDIES (co-edited with Vijay Bhatia and John Flowerdew) DISCOURSE IN ACTION: Introducing Mediated Discourse Analysis (co-edited with Sigrid Norris) Also by Graham Lock FUNCTIONAL ENGLISH GRAMMAR: An Introduction for Second Language Teachers

Functional Grammar in the ESL Classroom Noticing, Exploring and Practising Rodney H. Jones Associate Professor, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Graham Lock Adjunct Associate Professor, Chinese University of Hong Kong palgrave macmillan

* Rodnev H. Jones and Graham Lock 2011 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 15t edition 2011 978-0-230-27238-5 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6-10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. First published 2011 by PALGRAVE MACMILLAN Palgrave Macmillan in the UK is an imprint of Macmillan Publishers Limited, registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS. Palgrave Macmillan in the US is a division of St Martin's Press LLC, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies and has companies and representatives throughout the world. Palgrave and Macmillan are registered trademarks in the United States, the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries. ISBN 978-0-230-27239-2 ISBN 978-0-230-29752-4 (ebook) DOI 101057/9780230297524 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. Logging. pulping and manufacturing processes are expected to conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 Transferred to Digital Printing 2011

Contents Index of Grammar Foci vii 1 Introduction 1 Presenting grammar in context 1 Showing how grammatical choices are meaningful choices 2 Noticing, exploring and practising 3 A fresh look at grammar 6 Integrating the procedures into a curriculum 8 How to use this book 8 Finding and preparing texts 9 2 Comparing 11 General procedure 11 Sample teaching idea one: Explosions 12 Sample teaching idea two: Travel advice 17 3 Sequencing 29 General procedure 29 Sample teaching idea one: Lady Gaga 30 Sample teaching idea two: A trip to London 37 4 Gap Filling 43 General procedure 43 Sample teaching idea one: Denials 45 Sample teaching idea two: Stupid criminals 52 S Reconstructing S9 General procedure 59 Sample teaching idea one: My favourite place 60 Sample teaching idea two: Going on vacation 64 6 Elaborating 73 General procedure 73 Sample teaching idea one: The witness 74 Sample teaching idea two: Dick's dream 84 7 Transforming 91 General procedure 91 Sample teaching idea one: How coins are made 92 Sample teaching idea two: Buying gifts 100 v

vi Contents 8 Combining Procedures Sample teaching idea one: Bigfoot Sample teaching idea two: Global warming Appendix Glossary References Index 109 110 123 133 137 143 145

Index of Grammar Foci Adjuncts (placement of) Ellipsis Ergative verbs and agency Given and new information Indirect Objects Modality (obligation) Nominalisation Non-finite verbs (Verb + ing vs. infinitive) Reference (pronouns, the) Reporting and quoting speech 'Sensing' and 'being' clauses Subjects and finite Thematic organisation Tense Voice Chapter 3, Teaching idea two Chapter 4, Teaching idea one Chapter 2, Teaching idea one Chapter 3, Teaching idea three Chapter 7, Teaching idea two Chapter 7, Teaching idea two Chapter 2, Teaching idea two Chapter 8, Teaching idea two Chapter 5, Teaching idea two Chapter 4, Teaching idea two Chapter 8, Teaching idea one Chapter 6, Teaching idea two Chapter 4, Teaching idea one Chapter 3, Teaching idea one Chapter 5, Teaching idea one Chapter 6, Teaching idea one Chapter 7, Teaching idea one vii