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2 UNIT 1 CHAPTER 1 The First Ohioans Unit Almanac Connect to The Nation... 2 Ohio s Ancient Past 4 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Predict and Infer...4 Core Water and Land...6 Extend Geography How Glaciers Shaped the Land..10 Core People Come to Ohio...12 Extend Primary Source Digging Into the Past...16 Map and Globe Skill Review Map Skills...18 Lesson 3 Core New Cultures in Ohio...20 Extend Technology Ancient Astronomers...24 Chapter 1 Review and Test Prep...26 Unit 1 Review Current Events Project...28

3 UNIT 2 CHAPTER 2 Exploration and Settlement 30 Unit Almanac Connect to Today Europeans Come to Ohio 34 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Monitor and Clarify...34 Core New Groups...36 Extend History Inside a Longhouse...40 Map and Globe Skill Use Latitude and Longitude...42 Core Trade and Conflict...44 Extend Primary Source Christopher Gist s Journal..48 Chapter 2 Review and Test Prep...50 CHAPTER 3 The Struggle Continues 52 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Summarize...52 Core The French and Indian War...54 Extend Geography Looking West...58 Core Revolution...60 Extend History Fort Laurens...64 Citizenship Skill Resolve Conflicts...66 Chapter 3 Review and Test Prep...68 Unit 2 Review Current Events Project...70

4 UNIT 3 CHAPTER 4 Growth and Expansion 72 Unit Almanac Connect to Today From Territory to Statehood 76 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Question...76 Core The Northwest Territory...78 Extend Literature Aurora Means Dawn...82 Reading and Thinking Skill Summarize...86 Lesson 3 Core Frontier Wars...88 Extend Primary Source The Treaty of Greenville...92 Core Statehood...94 Extend History Celebrating Statehood...98 Study Skill Identify Primary and Secondary Sources Chapter 4 Review and Test Prep...102

5 CHAPTER 5 The New State 104 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Monitor and Clarify Core Ohio Grows Extend Geography Railroad Fever! Reading and Thinking Skill Distinguish Fact from Opinion..114 Lesson 3 Core Reform Movements Extend History Seeking Freedom Core The Civil War Extend Biographies Women Who Made a Difference Chapter 5 Review and Test Prep Unit 3 Review Current Events Project...132

6 UNIT 4 CHAPTER 6 Changing Times 134 Unit Almanac Connect to Today Ohioans at Work 138 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Question Core Industry and Immigration Extend Economics An Entrepreneur at Work Core Big Plans Extend Technology The Wright Brothers Reading and Thinking Skill Interpret Historical Images Chapter 6 Review and Test Prep CHAPTER 7 Modern Ohio 158 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Summarize Lesson 3 Core The Early 1900s Extend History Women Go to War Core Postwar Ohio Extend Reader s Theater A Walk on the Moon Core Ohioans Today Extend Literature Her Stories Study Skill Use Reference Materials Chapter 7 Review and Test Prep x

7 CHAPTER 8 Government and Responsibilities 188 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Question Core United States Government Extend Biographies Ohio Presidents Citizenship Skill Make Decisions Lesson 3 Core Ohio s Government Extend Readers Theater A Tour of the State Capitol Core Your Role in Government Extend Literature Beautiful Ohio Study Skill Write a Report Chapter 8 Review and Test Prep Unit 4 Review Current Events Project...216

8 UNIT 5 CHAPTER 9 Ohio and the World 218 Unit Almanac Connect to The Nation Ohio and the Midwest 222 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Summarize Core Land and Climate Extend Geography The Mighty Mississippi Citizenship Skill Understand Point of View Core Resources and Economy Extend Economics Supply and Demand Chart and Graph Skill Read Pictographs Chapter 9 Review and Test Prep CHAPTER 10 Ohio and the Nation 242 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Monitor and Clarify Core Many Regions, One Nation Extend Citizenship Volunteers at Work Study Skills Draw Conclusions Core Working Together Extend Citizenship Universal Human Rights Chapter 10 Review and Test Prep Unit 5 Review Current Events Project...260

9 References Citizenship Handbook Pledge of Allegiance...R2 Character Traits...R4 Ohio Counties...R6 Ohio Databank...R10 Ohio Governors...R12 Biographical Dictionary...R16 Resources Geographical Terms...R20 Atlas...R22 Gazetteer...R36 Glossary...R40 Index...R44 Acknowledgements...R52

10 Extend Lessons Connect the core lessons to an important concept and dig into it. Extend your social studies knowledge! Women Who Made a Difference 128 Ohio Presidents 194 How Glaciers Shape the Land 10 Looking West 58 Railroad Fever! 112 The Mighty Mississippi 228 A Walk on the Moon 172 A Tour of the State Capitol 202 Volunteers at Work 248 Universal Human Rights 256 Inside a Longhouse 40 Fort Laurens 64 Celebrating Statehood 98 Seeking Freedom 122 Women Go to War 166 Aurora Means Dawn by Scott Russell Sanders 82 Her Stories by Virginia Hamilton 180 Beautiful Ohio 210 An Entrepreneur at Work 146 Supply and Demand 236 Digging Into the Past 16 Christopher Gist s Journal 48 The Treaty of Greenville 92 Ancient Astronomers 24 The Wright Brothers 152

11 Skill Lessons Take a step-by-step approach to learning and practicing key social studies skills. Review Map Skills 18 Use Latitude and Longitude 42 Read a Pictograph 238 Summarize 86 Distinguish Fact from Opinion 114 Interpret Historical Images 154 Resolve Conflicts 66 Make Decisions 196 Understand Point of View 230 Identify Primary and Secondary Sources 100 Use Reference Materials 184 Write a Report 212 Draw Conclusions 250 Cause and Effect 36, 60, 78, 116, 140, 224 Sequence 20, 44, 54, 88 Categorize 176, 198 Compare and Contrast 12, 106 Main Idea and Details 6, 124, 148, 168, 206 Problem and Solution 160, 190, 252 Predict Outcomes 94 Draw Conclusions 244 Classify 232

12 Visual Learning Become skilled at reading visuals. Graphs, maps, and timelines help you put all of the information together. Ohio s Natural Features 2 Ohio s Regions 8 Ohio 18 The State of Ohio 27 Regions of Ohio 28 Ohio Country, French Exploration 37 Ohio 43 Ohio Latitude and Longitude 51 Land Claims, Land Claims, Proclamation Line, Schoenbrunn and Gnadenhutten 62 Ohio Cities 70 Ohio Canals and Railroads, Townships and Sections 79 The Northwest Territory 80 Forts in the Ohio Country 89 Greenville Treaty Line 92 Railroad Map of the United States, Free and Slave States and Territories 117 Ohio Resources and Products 136 Midwest Population Density 220 The Midwest 225 Midwest Farm Belts 233 United States Interstate Highways 245 United States Water 3 Ohio Population, Ohio Population Today 33 Train Travel 75 Population of Ohio, Ohio Resources, Late 1800s 137 Ohio Resources Today 137 Number and Size of Ohio Farms 170 Ohio s Population Growth 221 Midwest s Population Growth 221 Extreme Temperatures in the Midwest 226 Some Goods and Services from the Midwest 234 Supply of Popcorn 236 Demand of Popcorn 236 Dollars Earned from Mining, Countries Receiving Aid from Doctors without Borders,

13 Archaic Indian Tool Discoveries 14 Great Serpent Mound 24 American Indian Homes 38 Inside a Longhouse 40 Latitude 42 Longitude 42 Resolve Conflicts 66 Battle of Fallen Timbers 90 Underground Railroad Code Words 118 Some Liberties Protected by the Bill of Rights 192 Ohio Branches of Government 199 Lake Effect Snow 226 The Mighty Mississippi 228 Supply and Demand 237 Draw Conclusions 250 Unit Preview Timelines 2, 32, 74, 136 Chapter Preview Timelines 4, 34, 52, 76, 104, 138, 158 Lesson Timelines 12, 20, 36, 44, 54, 60, 78, 88, 94, 106, 116, 124, 140, 148, 160, 168 Lesson Review Timelines 15, 23, 39, 47, 57, 63, 81, 91, 97, 111, 121, 127, 145, 151, 165, 171 Chapter Review Timelines 27, 51, 69, 103, 131, 157, 187