Become familiar with the design of the class site:

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1 1. VISIT OUR CLASS WEBSITE: Become familiar with the design of the class site: 2. SUMMER AP BIO ASSIGNMENT: Powerpoints needed to complete this independent study on Big Idea 4.B/C: Ecology can be found on my class website ( ) THESE CAN BE FOUND UNDER THE Summer AP Bio Study tab on the class page. IF YOU CANNOT FIND ALL OF THE INFORMATION YOU NEED IN THE POWERPOINT PRESENTATIONS USE THE INTERNET TO FIND ACCURATE MATERIALS TO COMPLETE YOUR SUMMER ASSIGNMENT. STUDENTS WILL ALSO BE PROVIDED WITH ACCESS TO A VIRTUAL AP BIOLOGY TEXTBOOOK. Our summer assignment is designed to provide students with an opportunity to participate in an independent study on one of our most essential units: Ecology. This study incorporates material from our Campbell/Reece textbook (chapters 52-56) as well as an online comprehensive ecology lab review. Past AP Bio essay questions covering this unit are also available on my class website. 3. VIRTUAL TEXTBOOK ACCRESS: Students may access a virtual copy of the textbook using the Login and Password below: Copy and Paste Pearson Virtual Textbook link into your browser: LOGIN: mihaelayamin PASSWORD: Anja0806 Click Launch the etext for Biology, 8e Select desired chapter from the Table of Contents on the left side of the screen. 4. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR COMPLETION OF SUMMER ASSIGNMENT: I advise that students concentrate on one component per week. Move slowly through the required material using either your AP Test Prep Booklet/Virtual Textbook or my Powerpoints to guide your responses to the questions asked (see the schedule provided below). Responses to all questions should be written in COMPLETE THOUGHTS using COMPLETE SENTENCES. UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHOULD STUDENTS COPY INFORMATION FROM ANY SOURCE DIRECTLY INCLUDING TEACHER S NOTES ALL WRITTEN ANSWERS MUST BE IN THE STUDENTS OWN VERBAGE. Complete the lab simulation ONLY AFTER you have completed the required material for Ch. 55. If you are asked to draw a diagram the appropriate technique is to DRAW IT, LABEL IT, AND DESCRIBE IT USING COLOR! THE PURPOSE OF THIS INDEPENDENT STUDY IS TO LEARN THE MATERIAL NOT JUST ANSWER THE QUESTIONS. Week #1 (June 1 st June 5 th ) Part 1 - Bozeman Video Reflections Science Practices Week #2 (June 8 th June 12 th ) Part 2 Chapter Reading & Guided Questions / Chapter 52 Week #3 (June 15 th June 19 th ) Part 2 Chapter Reading & Guided Questions / Chapter 53 Week #4 (June 22 nd June 26 th ) Part 2 Chapter Reading & Guided Questions / Chapter 54 Week #5 (June 29 th July 3 rd ) Part 2 Chapter Reading & Guided Questions / Chapter 55 & Virtual Lab Week #6 (July 6 th July 10 th ) Part 2 Chapter Reading & Guided Questions / Chapter 56 Week #7 (July 13 th July 17 th ) Part 3 Application of the Big Ideas Week #8 (July 20 th July 24 th ) Practice Essays how many can you earn a 10 on? Week #9 (July 27 th August 7 th ) REVIEW ALL MATERIALS FOR EXAM DURING THE FIRST WEEK OF SCHOOL! 5. DUE DATES FOR SUMMER STUDY: Assignment is due on Monday, August 10 th. Students will be tested over this material on Friday, August 14 th. If you have any questions regarding this assignment during your summer break, please do not hesitate to your teacher at Mihaela_Yamin@gwinnett.k12.ga.us.

2 Assignment Instructions All components of this assignment (Part I, Part II, and Part III) should be completed on college-ruled notebook paper and placed into a 3-prong portfolio folder when submitted for grading. THE STUDENTS NAME MUST BE CLEARLY VISIBLE ON THE OUTSIDE OF THE FOLDER. NOTE: Parts II and III may be completed on the printed pages provided to each student and placed in portfolio when completed students DO NOT need to copy this information onto notebook paper. Each numbered component within a section should have a dedicated page, should be well supported or described, and diagrams or graphs should accompany discussion when appropriate. When used, diagrams, models, representations and graphs should be in color, labeled, and clearly explained or supported. YOU MAY NOT PLAGAIRZE ANY PART OF THIS ASSIGNMENT all student responses should be constructed in your own words DO NOT COPY directly from any source, including the textbook or my PPT presentations! All work submitted must be original! You will be tested over Big Idea 4.B/4.C upon your return from Summer Break, on Friday, August 14 th. Test questions will reflect your thorough understanding of the material covered in all parts of this packet. Assessment will assume deep content knowledge and ability to apply and synthesize, so prepare accordingly as little (if any) class time will be dedicated to this material at the beginning of the school year. Items should be completed throughout the summer break in the following order: Week #1 (June 1 st June 5 th ) Part 1 - Bozeman Video Reflections Science Practices Week #2 (June 8 th June 12 th ) Part 2 Chapter Reading & Guided Questions / Chapter 52 Week #3 (June 15 th June 19 th ) Part 2 Chapter Reading & Guided Questions / Chapter 53 Week #4 (June 22 nd June 26 th ) Part 2 Chapter Reading & Guided Questions / Chapter 54 Week #5 (June 29 th July 3 rd ) Part 2 Chapter Reading & Guided Questions / Chapter 55 & Virtual Lab Week #6 (July 6 th July 10 th ) Part 2 Chapter Reading & Guided Questions / Chapter 56 Week #7 (July 13 th July 17 th ) Part 3 Application of the Big Ideas Week #8 (July 20 th July 24 th ) Practice Essays How many can you earn a 10 on? Week #9 (July 27 th August 7 th ) REVIEW ALL MATERIALS FOR EXAM DURING THE FIRST WEEK OF SCHOOL! Items should be placed into your 3-prong portfolio folder in the following order: Part I: Bozeman Video Reflections-AP Biology Practices (dedicated page for each video reflection) Part II: Textbook Reading & Content Focus Questions Ch (printed packet answers written in packet) with Virtual Lab to accompany Ch. 55. Part III: Application of the Big Idea synthesis & evaluation level questions. DON T FORGET: Practice your long essays they are not required as part of your graded summer assignment, however, two of these will be on the test!

3 Part I: Bozeman Video Review on AP Biology Practices A practice is a way to coordinate knowledge and skills in order to accomplish a goal or task. The AP Biology science practices enable you to establish lines of evidence and use them to develop and refine testable explanations and predictions of natural phenomena. Because content, inquiry, and reasoning are equally important in AP Biology, each learning objective combines content with inquiry and reasoning skills described in the science practices. The science practices capture important aspects of the work that scientists engage in, at the level of competence expected of you, an AP Biology student. To review the AP Biology science practices, log onto Scroll down to AP Biology Practices. Complete the video review activities listed below for the seven AP Biology practices. REMEMBER, EACH NUMBERED COMPONENT SHOULD HAVE A DEDICATED PAGE (that is, summarize each video on a separate piece of paper): 1. Watch Bozeman Video #1: Models & Representations summarize key concepts and related illustrative 2. Watch Bozeman Video #2: Using Mathematics summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples in your own words. Support your understanding with diagrams when appropriate. 3. Watch Bozeman Video #3: Scientific Questioning summarize key concepts and related illustrative examples in your own words. Support your understanding with diagrams when appropriate. 4. Watch Bozeman Video #4: Data Collection Strategies summarize key concepts and related illustrative 5. Watch Bozeman Video #5: Analysis & Evaluation of Evidence summarize key concepts and related illustrative 6. Watch Bozeman Video #6: Scientific Explanations & Theories summarize key concepts and related illustrative 7. Watch Bozeman Video #7: Scales, Concepts & Representations summarize key concepts and related illustrative Part II: Textbook Reading & Content Focus Questions Ch with Virtual Lab If textbooks, virtual textbook access or AP Test Prep booklets are available, read chapters 52 through 56. While reading EACH chapter, complete the content focus questions provided to you. You may answer directly on the printed pages. If textbooks are not available, you may use my PPT presentations (available on web page) or internet sources to complete this section of the summer assignment. After completing your content review questions for Chapter 55, review the central ideas included in Lab 12- Dissolved Oxygen, by logging onto 1. Scroll down to AP Biology Labs. Watch Bozeman Video #12: Dissolved Oxygen. 2. After completing Part II of the summer assignment (Ch. 55) and watching the Bozeman videos listed above, log onto the following web page to complete your virtual population genetics lab: 3. Select Lab 12. You may complete the individual sections of the lab directly on the printed lab pages.

4 Part III: Demonstration of Understanding Using Illustrative Examples It is now time to practice applying what you have learned. Complete each Application of the Big Idea section listed in your packet for Big Idea 4.B and 4.C. Write your answers directly on the pages provided with your packet. These are found at the very end of your chapter reading questions. When you are finished with this section, you should be able to meet all learning objectives related to: BIG IDEA 4: Biological systems interact, and these systems and their interactions possess complex properties. o Enduring Understanding 4.B: Competition and cooperation are important aspects of biological systems. Essential Knowledge 4.B.3: Interactions between and within populations influence patterns of species distribution and abundance. Essential Knowledge 4.B.4: Distribution of local and global ecosystems changes over time. o Enduring Understanding 4.C: Naturally occurring diversity among and between components within biological systems affects interactions with the environment. Essential Knowledge 4.C.3: The level of variation in a population affects population dynamics. Essential Knowledge 4.C.4: The diversity of species within an ecosystem may influence the stability of the ecosystem. EXAMPLE TEST ESSAY QUESTIONS ON THE NEXT PAGE. HOW MANY OF THESE CAN YOU EARN 10 POINTS ON? RUBRICS AVAILABE ON YOUR TEACHER S WEB PAGE! TWO OF THESE WILL BE ON YOUR SUMMER ASSIGNMENT TEST!

5 Here are some EXAMPLE test essay questions. Students who have completed the summer assignment completely, thoroughly, and correctly should be able to answer each question below. YOU ARE NOT REQUIRED TO ANSWER THESE AS PART OF YOUR SUMMER ASSIGNMENT, BUT YOUR TEACHER HIGHLY RECOMMENDS THAT YOU PRACTICE THEM BEFORE YOUR EXAM! Rubrics for these questions are available by ing Mrs. Carnes or Mrs. Yamin. Practice Essay Question #1 A biologist measured dissolved oxygen in the top 30 centimeters of a moderately eutrophic (mesotrophic) lake in a temperate zone. The day was bright and sunny, and the wind was calm. The results of the observations are presented below: a) Plot the results that were obtained. Then, using the same set of axes, draw and label an additional line/curve representing the results that you would predict had the day been heavily overcast. b) Explain the biological processes that are operating in the lake to produce the observed data. Explain also how these processes would account for your prediction of results for a heavily overcast day. c) In most aquatic environments, primary production is affected by light available to the community of organisms. Using measurements of dissolved oxygen concentration to determine primary productivity, design a controlled experiment to test the hypothesis that primary productivity is affected by intensity of light. In your answer, be sure to include the following. A statement of the specific hypothesis that you are testing; A description of your experimental design (be sure to include a description of what data you would collect and how you would present and analyze the data using a graph); A description of results that would support your hypothesis. Practice Essay Question #2 Consumers in aquatic ecosystems depend on producers for nutrition. a. Explain the difference between gross and primary productivity. b. Describe a method to determine net and gross primary productivity in a freshwater pond over a 24-hour period. In an experiment, net primary productivity was measured, in the early spring, for water samples taken from different depths of a freshwater pond in a temperate deciduous forest. c. Explain the data presented by the graph, including a description of the relative rates of metabolic processes occurring at different depths of the pond. d. Describe how the relationship between net primary productivity and depth would be expected to differ if new data were collected in midsummer from the same pond. Explain your prediction. Practice Essay Question #3 The element carbon is contained in all organic compounds. (a) Discuss the role of photosynthesis and cellular respiration in carbon cycling in the biosphere. (b) For THREE of the following, predict and explain the effect on the carbon cycle if: Decomposers were absent Deforestation occurred Volcanic dust accumulated in the atmosphere The average ocean temperature increased (c) Explain how increased CO 2 in the atmosphere results in greater acidification of oceans and describe the effect on marine organisms. Include in your discussion TWO examples of how human activity can increase atmospheric CO 2.

6 Practice Essay Question #4 On a trip to a dense forest, a biologist noticed that millipedes (small invertebrates) were plentiful under logs but were rarely seen in any other location. (a) Propose THREE environmental variables (two abiotic and one biotic) that could explain why millipedes were plentiful under logs but were rarely seen in any other location. (b) For ONE of the abiotic environmental variables you chose above, design a controlled experiment to test a hypothesis that this factor affects the distribution of milliedes on the forest floor. Describe data that would support your hypothesis. (c) Suppose you were examining the distribution of a plant, instead of millipede. Describe modification in the experiment that you designed in (b) that would be required to determine whether the abiotic factor you chose affects the distribution of the plant. Practice Essay Question #5 Ecological succession describes the pattern of changes in communities over time. The graph below shows changes in lant diversity following the abandonment of an agricultural field in a temperate biome. (a) Discuss the differences in plant diveristy shown in the graph and explain how the changes affect the animal species composition between years 0 and 120. (b) Identify TWO biotic and TWO abiotic factors and discuss how each could influence the pattern of ecological succession. (c) Design a controlled experiment to determine how the diversity of plant species in a newly abandoned field would be affected by large herbivores. Practice Essay Question #6 The energy flow in ecosystems is based on the primary productivity of autotrophs. (a) Discuss the energy flow through an ecosystem and the relative efficiency with which it occurs. (b) Discuss the impact of the following on energy flow on a global scale: Deforestation Global Climate Change (c) There are vast stores of organic matter in the soils of northern coniferous forests and tundra around the world. Based on your understanding of decomposition rates and nutrient cycling, suggest an explanation for why scientists who study global warming are closely monitoring these stores.

7 Practice Essay Question #7 In many ways, all organisms in a food web can be said to be solar-powered. The producer level of the food web is responsible for the transformation of the solar energy into a form that can be used by other living organisms. (a) Discuss the role of green plants in transforming the Sun s energy into a form that can ultimately be used by heterotrophs. (b) Discuss the flow of energy from producers through top carnivores in a food web in terms of the laws of thermodynamics. Practice Essay Question #8 Interdependence in nature is illustrated by the transfer of energy through trophic levels. The diagram below depicts the transfer of energy in a food web of an Arctic lake located in Alaska 1. Choosing organisms from FOUR different trophic levels of this food web as examples, explain how energy is obtained at each trophic level. 2. Describe the efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels and discuss how the amount of energy available at each trophic level affects the structure of the ecosystem. 3. If the cells in the dead terrestrial plant material that washed into the lake contained a commercially produced toxin, what would be the likely effects of this toxin on this food web? Explain. Practice Essay Question #9 Invasive species, such as red fire ants, introduced into an ecosystem often threaten native plants and animals. (a) Describe THREE different factors that contribute to the success of invasive species in an ecosystem. (b) Discuss THREE ways that an invasive species can affect its new ecosystem. (c) The map below indicates the spread of the red fire ant after its initial entrance into the United States at the port of Mobile, Alabama, in the 1930s. Discuss TWO environmental factors that might have determined the pattern of fire ant invasion. (d) Discuss TWO possible methods of eradicating or slowing the spread of these ants, including the environmental consequences of each method.

8 Practice Essay Question #10 Many populations exhibit the following growth curve: (a) Describe what is occurring in the population during phase A. (b) Discuss THREE factors that might cause the fluctuation shown in phase B. (c) Organisms demonstrate exponential (r) and logistic (K) reproductive strategies. Explain these two strategies and discuss how they affect population size over time. Practice Essay Question #11 The diagram below shows the succession of communities from annual plants to hardwood trees in a specific area over a period of time. (a) Discuss the expected changes in biodiversity as the stages of succession progress as shown in the diagram above. (b) Describe and explain THREE changes in abiotic conditions over time that lead to the succession, as shown in the diagram above. (c) For each of the following disturbances, discuss the immediate and long-term effects on ecosystem succession. A volcano erupts, covering a 10-square-kilometer portion of a mature forest with lava. A 10-square-kilometer portion of a mature forest is clear-cut.