SECTION A 1B Germany, : Democracy and Dictatorship

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1 PAPER ONE:Wednesday PM 17th Jan Paper I (1¾ HOURS) SECTION A 1B Germany, : Democracy and Dictatorship Part One: Germany and the growth of democracy Kaiser Wilhelm and the problems/difficulties he faced ruling Germany: eg the growth of parliamentary government; the influence of Prussian militarism; industrialisation; social reform and the growth of socialism; the domestic importance of the Navy Laws (expanding navy & cost). Impact of the First World War: war weariness, economic problems; defeat; the end of the monarchy; post-war problems including reparations, the occupation of the Ruhr and hyperinflation. Weimar democracy & problems: political change and unrest, , including Spartacists, Kapp Putsch and the Munich Putsch; the extent of recovery during the Stresemann era ( ): economic developments including the new currency, Dawes Plan and the Young Plan; the impact of international agreements on recovery; Weimar culture. 4 mk 12 mk Part Two: Germany and Depression The impact of the Depression: growth in support for the Nazis and other extremist parties ( ), including the role of the SA; Hitler s appeal. The failure of Weimar democracy: election results; the role of Papen and Hindenburg and Hitler s appointment as Chancellor Int Int Part Three: The experiences of Germans under the Nazi s Social policy and practice: reasons for policies, practices and their impact on women, young people and youth groups; education; control of churches and religion; Aryan ideas, racial policy and persecution; the Final Solution. 8 mk Interpretation question: You will have 2 sources & be answering 3 questions (4 mk, 4 mk & 8 mk) a. How does Interpretation B differ from Interpretation A about? Explain your answer using Interpretations A and B. [4 marks] b. Why might the authors of Interpretations A and B have a different interpretation about? Explain your answer using Interpretations A and B and your contextual knowledge. [4 marks] c. Which interpretation do you find more convincing about..? Explain your answer using Interpretations A and B and your contextual knowledge. [8 marks] Then you will have 3 questions to answer (4 mk, 8 mk & 12 mk) - d. Describe [4 marks] e. In what ways (question will focus on how a key group or development was affected by an event or development)..explain your answer? [8 marks] e. Which of the following was the more important reason why.? Factor /event Factor/event Explain your answer with reference to both reasons. [12 marks] Spend 50 mins on this section 1

2 Interpretation C: Adapted from an official biography of Adolf Hitler, published by the Nazi Party in 1934: Hitler shouted, Close the ranks! and linked arms with his neighbours. The body of the man with whom Hitler was linked shot up into the air like a ball, tearing Hitler s arm with him, so that it sprang from the joint and fell back limp and dead. Hitler approached the man and stooped over him. Blood was pouring Interpretation D: Adapted from Hitler by the historian Joachim Fest (1973). Fest grew up in an ordinary German family who resisted the Nazi regime. This extract covers what happened to Hitler the day after the Munich Putsch: (During the short gun battle) Hitler (was pulled) down, wrenching his arm out of joint amidst the hail of bullets while all were dropping to the ground. Ludendorff stalked upright, trembling with rage, through the police cordon. The day might possibly have ended differently had a small band of determined men followed him: but none wanted. Hitler scrambled up from the pavement and took (off), leaving behind 1. How does Interpretation D differ from Interpretation C about what happened at the Munich Putsch? 4 marks 5 mins 1-2 Level 1 You compare what the two sources are saying 3-4 Level 2 You explain how the content of the two sources are different You are looking at the content of the source & what it says (do not write about provenance). Write about the differences in views, facts & focus. Don t just compare what the sources are saying make sure you explain how the content of the sources is different. Sources A & B have different views/interpretations about.source A views the..whereas Source B focuses on Why might the authors of Interpretations C & D have different interpretations about what happened at the Munich Putsch? 4 marks 1-2 Level 1 You use the provenance of the sources and/or the motives of the author to identify reason/s for differences between the sources 3-4 Level 2 You analyse the provenance of the sources and/or the motives of the author to identify reason/s for differences between the sources 2 5 mins

3 Hints and tips Q2 You might consider why people arrive at interpretations of events. The authors may have a purpose in doing so, in view of who they are writing to (their intended audience). Equally other considerations include the context of their time of writing, where, their previous experience, knowledge, beliefs, circumstances, and access to information. The type of source could also be considered (cartoon, speech, newspaper etc) and how this might affect the message. You don t have to do all of these for top marks. 0 2 This question is looking for: analysis of the 2 sources & why the sources differ Look at provenance & context Provenance Historical Context How does the source/interpretation relate to your contextual knowledge of the historical period? Date/When was it produced? Is it an eye witness account? Was it produced later? Does it have the benefit of hindsight? Is it based on other sources? When? Who? Author? Previous experience? Circumstances? Access to info? Beliefs? Why was it produced? (motives) Why? What was its Purpose? (audience) Place? Where? Analyse the provenance of the source & motives of the author to identify differences between the sources. 03. Which interpretation do you find more convincing about what happened at the Munich Putsch? Explain your answer using Interpretations C & D & your contextual knowledge. 8 marks 1-2 Level 1 You show a basic understanding of the source/s, but limited knowledge 3-4 Level 2 You show understanding of the source/s by adding some own knowledge 5-6 Level 3 You show a clear understanding of both interpretations and you support this with clear factual knowledge of both sources 7-8 Level 4 As at Level 3, but you add a clear judgement as to which source is most convincing and why you think this. Hints and tips You must consider what you know that might affect the content of the interpretation. Do you know something about the events discussed? If so, does this make the interpretation more or less trustworthy or useful? For the highest marks you must make a clear judgement as to which is the more convincing interpretation and why. Do not just show off your knowledge; link it to the content of the source; does your knowledge support or challenge the interpretation? You will not gain marks if you write about the provenance of the sources but it is difficult to make a judgement without it (as in the first answer). 3

4 0 3 This question is asking you: How far do you agree with the source/interpretation? Content What is the source/interpretation saying? What is the message? Historical Context How does the source/interpretation relate to your contextual knowledge of the historical period? (Do not write about provenance) 4. Describe two ways in which Hitler reduced unemployment in Germany. 4 marks 1-2 Level 1 You state what you know about the topic 5 mins Hints and tips : This is not meant to be a mini essay, but 2 short paragraphs picking out the 2 features with some detail to show your knowledge. 5. In what ways were the lives of people in Germany affected by the Depression? Explain your answer. 8 marks 1-2 Level 1 You show changes at a basic level of knowledge or understanding 3-4 Level 2 You explain change/s simply using specific knowledge and understanding 5-6 Level 3 You explain how two or more changes came about using good factual knowledge and understanding 7-8 Level 4 As at Level 3 but you also develop your explanations of two or more changes by explaining why they took place Hints and tips: Here you need to pick out two or more changes that took place, and explain how and why they came about. Be careful to focus on the scope of the question. The better answers may link the changes together. Give 3 reasons & develop your answer, explain why/how. The lives of people were affected by.this was because...

5 6. Which of the following was a more important reason for Hitler & the Nazis coming to power in Germany in 1933: - The Wall Street Crash. - Nazi propaganda? Explain your answer with reference to both reasons 12 marks 15 mins 1-3 Level 1 You show a basic understanding of one/both of the bullet points 4-6 Level 2 You show a basic understanding of the bullet/s by using your knowledge to explain 7-9 Level 3 You show a clear understanding of both bullets and support this with clear factual knowledge in your explanation Level 4 As at Level 3 but you also add a clear judgement as to which bullet is more important and why Hints and tips:you need to write about BOTH bullets or else you will not go beyond Level 2. Try to detail what you know and crucially how EACH bullet was important to the question. This should get you a solid Level 3. The judgement is the icing on the cake, and can be done at the start or the end. The judgement should be more than an assertion; it should also be explained. You must write about both bullet points. The question is asking you to evaluate the factors how important it was. Reach a judgement about how important it was. = DEA 5

6 PAPER ONE: SECTION B Conflict and Tension, Part One: Peacemaking The armistice: aims of the peacemakers; Wilson and the Fourteen Points; Clemenceau and Lloyd George; the extent to which they achieved their aims. The Versailles Settlement: Diktat; territorial changes; military restrictions; war guilt and reparations. 4 Impact of the treaty and wider settlement: reactions of the Allies; German objections; strengths and weaknesses of the settlement, including the problems faced by new states. Views about the Treaty 12 Part Two: The League of Nations and international peace The Manchurian Crisis and it s consequences, what the League did 8 Part Three: The origins and outbreak of the Second World War The development of tension: Hitler's aims and Allied reactions; the Dollfuss Affair; the Saar; German rearmament, including conscription; the Stresa Front; Anglo-German Naval Agreement. Escalation of tension: remilitarisation of the Rhineland; Mussolini, the Axis and the Anti-Comintern Pact; Anschluss; reasons for and against the policy of appeasement; the Sudeten Crisis and Munich; the ending of appeasement. The outbreak of war: the occupation of Czechoslovakia; the role of the USSR and the Nazi-Soviet Pact; the invasion of Poland and outbreak of war, September 1939; responsibility for the outbreak of war, including that of key individuals: Hitler, Stalin and Chamberlain. 16 * Causes World War Two Source/Knowledge questions: You will have 3 sources & be answering 4 questions (4 mk, 12 mk, 8 mk & 16 mks). Only the first two questions are linked to the sources. A. Study source A. The source is critical of/positive about X. How do you know? [4 marks] B. Study Sources B and C. How useful are Sources B and C to a historian studying the reasons for X...Explain your answer using sources B and C and your contextual knowledge. [12 marks] C. Write an account of X. [8 marks] D. You will be given a one sided quote or viewpoint. How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer [16 marks] Spend 50 mins on this section 6

7 You will be given 3 sources Source A Source B In the exam you will have one other source GIVING HIM ROPE? German criminal [to Allied police] Here, I say, stop! You re hurting me! [Aside] If I only whine enough I may be able to wriggle out of this yet. A German newspaper cartoon published in July 1919, entitled Clemenceau the Vampire. The figure on the bed represents Germany. Pg 89 4 marks 5 mins Write about the content & the provenance of the source to explain how the source supports the statement. Make inferences. 2. Study Sources B & C. How useful are Sources B & C to a historian studying opinions about the Treaty of Versailles? Explain your answer using Sources B & C & your contextual knowledge. 12 marks 15 mins Write about the content, contextual knowledge & the provenance of the source to evaluate how useful the sources are. Remember sources are all useful, even though they might have limitations. You do not need to decide that one source is more useful than the other, though you do need to reach a judgement. Make sure you write about both sources & compare them. Source B is useful because...or Both sources are useful to historians because Write an account of how the Versailles treaty restricted Germany s power. 8 marks Read the question carefully & make sure you understand what the question is focusing on. It will be either a cause or a consequence of an event. It will expect you to know about the event but won t necessarily be asking you to explain the background events. 4. The League of Nations was responsible for more failures than successes during the 1920s. How far do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. 16 marks The statement is correct/accurate in that... comment on how far you agree with the statement. However there were other factors/ they were successful with... you must provide other factors & reach a judgement 20 mins

8 Monday 22nd AM Jan Paper II (1 1/2 HOURS) PAPER TWO: SECTION A 2A Britain: Health and the people: c1000 to the present day Part One: Medicine stands still Medieval medicine: approaches including natural, supernatural, ideas of Hippocratic and Galenic methods and treatments; the medieval doctor; training, beliefs about cause of illness. Medical progress: the contribution of Christianity to medical progress and treatment; hospitals; the nature and importance of Islamic medicine and surgery; surgery in medieval times, ideas and techniques. Public health in the Middle Ages: towns vs monasteries; Questions: You will have 1 source & be answering 4 questions (8 mk, 8 mk, 8 mk & 16 mks). Only the first question is linked to the source. A. Study Source A. How useful is Source A to a historian studying...? [8 marks] B. Explain the significance of ( a particular aspect of medicine or and idea) in the development of medicine. [8 marks] C. Compare FACTOR X with FACTOR Y. ( e.g. 2 different events or 2 different ideas) In what ways were they similar? Explain your answer with reference to both aspects. [8 marks] D. Has X ( e.g. religion) been the main factor in the development of medicine. Explain your answer with reference to FACTOR X and other factors. [16 marks] Spend 35mins on this section A. Study Source A. How useful is Source A to a historian understanding Christian ideas about illness? [8 marks] Read the caption carefully as it will give you background information on provenance, as well as using information that you can see in the painting. You are writing about the provenance, content & background context (is it accurate from what you know about Christian hospitals?) In the textbook you can see a sample answer of this type of question on page 87. The source tells you that hospitals...it is useful because However it is a painting emphasising.it was made Hospitals were. 8

9 B. Explain the significance of ( a particular aspect of medicine or and idea) in the development of medicine. [8 marks] Your question is going to be on Galen & Hippocrates. Remember to write about both men. You need to write about: The impact that the person had at the time why they were important. Explain what they did How their work affected people in the long term long term consequences. Write about what peoples views on illnesses were before these men, how their ideas changed medical knowledge & beliefs. Consider problems with their approaches too. Whether their work is still relevant today influences today. Does their work affect our world today? What is their overall significance? Provide three developed aspects of significance. You can see a sample answer of this type of question on page 85 C. Compare FACTOR X with FACTOR Y. ( e.g. 2 different events or 2 different ideas) In what ways were they similar? Explain your answer with reference to both aspects. [8 marks] Your question is going to be on: Public health in the Middle Ages: towns vs monasteries. Remember to write about both factors & compare them differences & similarities. Provide three developed similarities. You can see a sample answer of this type of question on page 88 9

10 PAPER TWO: SECTION B Norman England, c1066 c1100 Part Two: Life under the Normans Feudalism and government + How William changed England: eg roles, rights, and responsibilities; landholding and lordship; land distribution; patronage; Anglo-Saxon and Norman government systems; the Anglo-Saxon and Norman aristocracies and societies; military service; Changes to Law & Order: justice and the legal system such as ordeals, murdrum ; inheritance; the Domesday Book Mk + 8 Economic and social changes and their consequences: Anglo-Saxon and Norman life, including towns, villages, buildings, work, food, roles and seasonal life; Forest law. DURHAM CATHEDRAL 16 MARK QUESTION. See your notes & research on Durham Questions: You will have 1 source & be answering 4 questions (8 mk, 8 mk, 8 mk & 16 mks). Only the first question id linked to the source. a. How convincing is Interpretation A about.? Explain your answer using Interpretation A and your contextual knowledge. [8 marks] b. Explain what was important about...? [8 marks] c. Write an account of..? [8 marks] d. A quote usually a one sided view How far does a study of Durham Cathedral support this statement? Explain your answer. You should refer to Durham Cathedral and your contextual knowledge. 16 marks] Spend 50 mins on this section a. How convincing is Interpretation A about.? Explain your answer using Interpretation A and your contextual knowledge. [8 marks] Level 1 [1-2 marks] Basic comments made to say why the source is convincing. An answer at this level will lack explanation. Level 2 [3-4 marks] Supports comments with specific knowledge of one part of the source Level 3 [5-6 marks] More than one aspect of the source needs to be covered with specific knowledge to support, in order to reach level 3. Level 4 [7-8 marks] Complex evaluation with sustained judgement of more than one aspect of the source. You need to show very good knowledge and understanding of the period studied. Hints and tips You need to link directly to the question set. Specific knowledge will be needed to provide evidence which supports your explanations. In a question that covers two aspects, e.g. language and church buildings, you need to cover both. Don t make two points on one aspect alone. Your question is going to be about how William changed England, eg land, church, peasants life etc 10

11 This type of question is asking you: What do you know about this area already? Does it support what the interpretation* shows or tells you? Is the interpretation right/plausible? It is accurate/correct in that/it is convincing because.. How far do you agree with it? However it is not entirely plausible because it does not show /It is not totally accurate/ correct because. Overall the interpretation... Make 3 developed points. This is a question on content & context, not provenance. b. Explain what was important about...? [8 marks] 1-2 Level 1 You show a basic knowledge and understanding relevant to the question but do not make links to the question 3-4 Level 2 A simple explanation of one cause /consequence with some facts 5-6 Level 3 You show a clear understanding of two or more causes/consequences with supporting facts and explanation 7-8 Level 4 Extends level 3: multiple causes/consequences, detailed and accurate facts and complex explanation The second question will require knowledge, understanding and analysis of historical events, issues or developments and concepts of causation, change, continuity and/or consequence. Provide analysis, explain & provide detail about the key features. Overall make 3 developed points. It will be about a change & the cause & consequence of this & how important it was. c. Write an account of..? [8 marks] Your question will be on law & order. 1-2 Level 1 You write a straightforward relevant account with basic facts 3-4 Level 2 A structured (paragraphed) account with simple facts which shows the consequences of changes 5-6 Level 3 A paragraphed, well ordered account covering different aspects of the answer with a range of facts and at least one consequence or result explained in depth 7-8 Level 4 A paragraphed, well ordered account covering different aspects of the answer with detailed facts and multiple points explained The third question is a narrative account, which tests knowledge, understanding and analysis

12 d. A quote usually a one sided view How far does a study of Durham Cathedral support this statement? Explain your answer. You should refer to Durham Cathedral and your contextual knowledge. 16 marks] Have a look at your practice answer on Durham Cathedral. Your statement is likely to be about why William built Durham Cathedral, saying it was due to one particular reason. Basic mark scheme Level 1 = 1-4 marks. Basic explanation of change (s). 20 mins Level 2 = 5-8 marks. Simple explanation of change/changes. Level 3 = 9-12 marks. Developed explanation of changes. Level 4 = marks. Complex explanation of the changes & sustained judgement. Basic outline structure Brief introduction saying whether you agree or disagree with the statement: Agree: 1-2 paragraphs explaining..: Durham Cathedral shows that the Norman s. Disagree/Partly Agree: 1-2 paragraphs explaining other..factors: However there were other factors that... Brief conclusion: A summary of your judgement. Do you agree with the statement or were other changes more important? 12