PERSONAL INFORMATION. Kenya Wildlife Service Training Institute

Transcription

1 CURRICULUM VITAE Prof. George Eric Otiang a-owiti PERSONAL INFORMATION Birth/ Nationality: Marital Status: Previous Positions: Present Position: Address: 16th June 1955/ Kenyan (by birth): Married (with two children) (i) Tutorial Fellow ( ) Dept. of Vet Anatomy University of Nairobi (ii) Lecturer ( ) Dept. Of Vet Anatomy University of Nairobi (iii) Senior Lecturer ( ) Dept. Of Vet Anatomy University of Nairobi (iv) Associate Professor (1997 to present) Dept. of Vet Anatomy & Physiology University of Nairobi Principal Kenya Wildlife Service Training Institute Kenya Wildlife Service Training Institute P. O. Box 842, Naivasha, Kenya Tel: Office: / /21329: Tel: House: Fax: Mobile or ACADEMIC QUALIFICATION Bachelor of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nairobi, Kenya MSc. in Veterinary Anatomy, University of Nairobi, Kenya Doctor of Philosophy in Anatomy, University of California, Davis USA TEACHING EXPERIENCE Courses taught from 1979 to present include Diploma (KWSTI Naivasha), Undergraduate and Post Graduate levels at Universities (University of Nairobi and Sokoine University in Tanzania) THESIS DIRECTION Masters students supervised (Year Completed and Present Position) 1. D. W. Onyango - (Co-Supervisor) 1992 Senior Lecturer, University of Nairobi. 2. N. Makori - (Major Supervisor) 1993 Scientist, USA. 3. C. N. Kuria - (Major Supervisor) 1994 PhD student in Canada. 4. R. O. Ojoo - (Major Supervisor) 1996 Lecturer, University of Nairobi. 5. D. Langat - (Co-Supervisor) 1997 Research Associate, IPR, Nairobi. 6. M. A. Oguna - (Co-Supervisor) 1997 Lecturer, University of Nairobi. 7. A. N. Njogu - (Major-Supervisor) 2003 Lecturer, University of Nairobi 1

2 Doctoral students supervised (Year Completed and Present Position) 1. D. W. Onyango - (Co-Supervisor) 2001 Senior Lecturer, University Dissertation/thesis examined and related matters a) Serving as External Examiner for MSc. and PhD candidates from Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania and from Department of Environmental Sciences, Kenyatta University. b) Have also served as an Internal Examiner as well as a Board Member for a number of Master of Science theses of the University of Nairobi since TEMPORARY POSITIONS HELD/PROFESSIONAL APPOINTMENTS 1. DANIDA Consultant at the Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania: 21 st April to 31 st May, 1991 & 7 th November 1991 to 7 th July 1992 hired as a Senior Lecturer. 2. Visiting Senior Lecturer, Department of Biomedical Sciences, and University of Zambia: 4 th August to 8 th November Member of DANIDA Mission Evaluation Team to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania: 12 th September to 2 nd October 1993 to assess Institutional Strengthening Needs and Funding. 4. External Examiner in Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Zambia: Visiting Senior Fulbright Research Fellow at California Regional Primate Research Centre, University of California, Davis, USA: September 1995 to July External Examiner, Department of Veterinary Anatomy Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda: 26 th August to 5 th September JICA Short Term Expert and Visiting Associate Professor, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Zambia: 14 th March to 9 th June 1997 teaching and assist in development of a new teaching curriculum. 8. External Examiner, Department of Veterinary Anatomy Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda: 10 th August to 16 th August External Examiner, Department of Veterinary Anatomy Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda: 7 th July to 11 th July External Examiner, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Sokoine University, of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania: June 2001 to present. RESEARCH ASSOCIATIONS/EXPERIENCE 2

3 1. Research Associate with both the Reproductive Biology Unit (a Research team in the Department of Animal Physiology) and Institute of Primate Research (IPR) since 1980 and 1984 respectively. 2. WHO Research Trainee at the California Primate Research Centre, University of California, Davis, USA ( ) - received training and research exposure in electron microscopic techniques, embryo staging/evaluation and teratogenicity testing and evaluations. 3. Visiting Senior Fulbright Research Scholar at University of California Davis USA: carried out research in immuno-localization techniques in macaque embryos. (12 th September 1995 to 21 st July 1996). 4. Class member/teacher in the Envirovet Summer Institute Program-intensive course in Terrestrial Wildlife and Ecosystem Health held in USA and Kenya 17 th June -29 th July 2000). 5. Class member in the Envirovet Summer Institute Program-intensive course in Aquatic Animal/Ecotoxicology/Ecosystem Health held in USA July 21-August 4 th UNIVERSITY RELATED ACTIVITIES AND COMMITTEES 1. Chairman of Faculty Sub-Committee, on Clinical Duties for Veterinarians in the Pre-clinical Departments (1990). 2. Department Representative in the following: - a) Postgraduate Faculty Board Committee b) Library - Chiromo Campus c) Faculty Curriculum Committee d) College of Biological and Physical Sciences Planning, Programming, Budgeting and Financing Committee e) Pre-clinical Courses Integration Committee f) M.Sc. Reproductive Biology Program to present 3. Acting Chairman - Department of Veterinary Anatomy, on several occasions since the longest being between 1 st July to 31 st October Chairman/Head - Department of Veterinary Anatomy - November 1994 to 29 th January Member of the Dean s Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Award Committee, Co-ordinator of the BVM Parallel (Module II) Program in the Faculty 1998.to Convenor/Chairman of the Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Kenya Wildlife Service Training Institute for the Development of a B.Sc. Degree in Wildlife Management and related options ( ). PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION MEMBERSHIP AND POSITIONS 1. Kenya Veterinary Board - Member 2. Kenya Veterinary Association- Member 3

4 3. Kenya Fulbright Alumni Association- Member of the Executive Committee 4. Africa Society for Toxicological Sciences (ASTS) - Member MAJOR RESEARCH AND PROFESSIONAL INTERESTS a) Teratology/Developmental anomalies in mammals. b) Placentation in the brown bush baby (Galago garnetti) and the fruit-eating bat (Epomorphorus wahlbergi). c) Morphological and physiological features of the conception during early pregnancy in green monkey. d) Skeleton development during embryogenesis in the East African goat. e) Developmental staging of the East African goat with emphasis on gonadogenesis and fetal membrane development. f) Role of retinoic acid receptors and transforming growth factors-beta in macaque embryos. g) Public education on health and environmental issues. PUBLICATIONS: Thesis/Dissertation: M.Sc. Title: The histology and fine structure of the reproduction organs, fetal membranes and placenta of the East African Springhare (Pedetes capensis larvalis Hollister) Ph.D. Dissertation Title: I. II Placentation in the African Green Monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops). The effect of antiprogestin RU 486 on pregnant long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Research Articles in Peer-Refereed Articles & Conference Proceedings Full Papers 1. Owiti, G.E.O., Oduor-Okelo, D. & Gombe, S.: Ultrastructure of the chorioallantoic placenta of the springhare (Pedetes capensis larvalis Hollister). Afri. J. Ecol. 2: , Owiti, G.E.O., Cukierski M., Tarara R.P., Enders A.C. & Hendrickx A.G.: Early placentation in the African Green Monkey. (Cercopithecus aethiops). Acta Anatomica 127 (3) , Tarara, R.P., Bambra C. S., Owiti, G.E.O. & Eley, R.M.: Comparative morphoendocrine aspects of peri-implantation in the human, baboon and vervet monkey. In proceedings of a Conference of the National Centre for Research in Reproduction in Comparative Reproduction in Mammals and Man. pg , Nairobi, Kenya, Owiti, G.E.O., Tarara, R.P. & Hendrickx: Fetal membranes and placentation in the African Green Monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops). Anatomy and embryology, 179: ,

5 5. Owiti, G.E.O., Tarantal, A.F., Lasley, B.L. & Hendrickx, A.G.: The effect of antiprogestin RU 486 on pregnant long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). Contraception, 40: , Schideler, S.E., Munro, C.J., Tell, L., Owiti, G., Laughlin, L. Chatterton, R. Jr., Lasley, B.L.: The relationship between serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations to the enzyme immunoassay measurements of urinary estrone conjugates and immunoreactive pregnanediol-3-glucuronide in Macaca mulatta - Amer. J Primat. 22: , Onyango, D.W., Otiang'a-Owiti, G.E., Oduor-Okelo, D. & Makawiti, D.W.: In-vitro testicular interstitial (Leydig) cell response to LH and concentrations of plasma testosterone and LH in the naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber, Ruppell). Afri. J. Ecol. 29: 76-85, Makori, N., Otiang'a-Owiti, G., Oduor-Okelo, D.: A morphological study of the fetal membranes and chorioallantoic placenta of the root-rat (Tachyorcytes splendens Ruppell) Afri. J. Ecol 29: , Otiang'a-Owiti, G.E., Oduor-Okelo, D. & Gombe, S.: Fetal membranes and placenta of the East African springhare (Pedetes capensis larvalis Hollister) Afri. J. Ecol. 30:74-86, Onyango, D.W., Oduor-Okelo, D. & Owiti, G.E.: Light and electron microscopic study of the structure of the ductuli efferentes in the non-breeding naked mole rat. In the proceeding of the Second International Conference on Advances in Reproductive Research in Man and Animals, pg , Makori, N., Oduor-Okelo, D., Warui, C.N. & Owiti, G.E.: An ultrastructural and morphometric study of the later-term placenta of the root-rat (Tachyoryctes splendens). In the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Advances in Reproductive Research in Man and Animals pg , Onyango, D.W., Oduor-Okelo, D. & Otiang'a-Owiti, G.E.: Ultrastructural study of the testis of nonbreeding naked mole-rat (Heterocephalus glaber, Ruppell). Ann. Anat. Anzeiger 175 (5); , Ojoo, R.O., Otiang'a-Owiti, G.E., Oduor-Okelo, D. & Wango, E.O.: Day-time variations of serum testosterone and lutenizing hormone in captive thick-tailed bush babies (Galago garnetti). Primates 35 (2) , Tarantal, A.F., Otiang'a-Owiti, G. & Hendrickx, A.G.: Holoprosencephaly in a long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis): A case report. J. Medical Primatol 23 (6) , Onyango D.W., Gachoka J.M., Otiang'a-Owiti, G.E. & Hendrickx, A.G. Seasonally dependent testicular apoptosis in the tropical long-fingered insect eating bat (Miniopeterus inflatus). Z. Saugerticts Intl. J. Mamm. Biol. 60; , Otiang'a-Owiti, G.E., Oduor-Okelo, D., Kamau, G.K., Makori, N. & Hendrickx, A.G. Morphology of a six-legged goat with duplication of the intestinal and urogenital tracts. The Anat. Rec. 247: , Amwayi, P.J. & Otiang a-owiti, G.E.: Use of biometric embryonic growth parameters as an indicator of exposure to a teratogen - East African Medical Journal, 74 (1): 6-11,

6 18. Langat, D. K., Wango, E. O., Owiti, G. E. O., Omollo, E. O. &. Mwenda, J. M.: Characterization of retroviral-related antigens expressed in normal baboon placental tissues. African J. Health Science, 5 (3-4), Hendrickx, A. G, Peterson, P. E., Otiang a-owiti, G. E., Tarantal, A. F., Dieter, J., Lasley, B. & Overstreet, J.: Endocrine and morphological biomarkers of Early pregnancy loss in macaques. In Reproduction in Non-Human Primates: A model System for Human Reproductive Physiology and Toxicology. Weinbauer G. F. & Korte R (Eds.) Waxmann Verlag (Munster/New York) pg , Langat, D. K., Johnson, P. M., Rote, N. S., Wango, E.O., Owiti, G. O.,& Mwenda, J. M. Immunohistochemical localization of retroviral-related antigens expressed in normal baboon placental villous tissue. J. Medical Primatol. 27, , Langat, D. K., Johnson, P. M., Rote, N. S., Wango, E.O Owiti, G. O., Isahakia M. A. & Mwenda, J. M. Characterization of antigens expressed in normal baboon trophoblast and cross-reactive with HIV/SIV antibodies. J. Reprod. Immunol 42:41-58, (1999). 22. Onyango, D. W., Wango, E. O., G. E. Otiang'a-Owiti, D. Odour-Okelo & Werner. G. Morphological characterization of the seminiferous cycle in the goat (Capra hircus); a histological and ultrasturctural study. Annals of Anatomy 182: (2000). 23. Xin Wei, Craig Senders, G.O. Owiti, Xiaoming Liu, Zhen-Nian Wei, Lisa Dillard-Telm, Harold M. McClure, Andrew G. Hendrickx. The origin and development of the upper lateral incisor and premaxilla in normal and cleft lip/palate monkeys induced with Cyclophosphamide. Cleft palate- Craniofacial Journal Status: In press, September 2000, Volume 37 No. 5. Accepted Dec Otiang'a-Owiti G. E., Onyango, D. W., Ouma, J. O., Njogu, A., &. Mungania, S. K (2000). A review on methods employed in studying embryogenesis. Afri. J. Sci. & Techn.1(3) Wood, C. M., Wilson, P. W., Bergman, H. L., Laurent, P., Otiang'a-Owiti, G., & Walsh, P. J. (2002). Obligatory urea production and cost of living in the Magadi tilapia by acclimation to reduced salinity and alkalinity. Physio & Biochem Zool., 75(2) Otiang'a-Owiti G. E, Patel, V. O., Meese R., Makori, N., & Hogg, D. A. (2002). Persistent cloaca and atresia ani in a Calf. The Kenya Veterinarian 23: Assey, R. J., Balemba, O. B., Otiang a-owiti, G. E. & Wango, E. O (2000). Prenatal ovarian follicular development in the zebu. Tanzania Vet. J 21 (2): Wood, C. M., Wilson, P. W., Bergman, H. L., Laurent, P., Otiang'a-Owiti, G., & Walsh, P. J. (2002). Ionoregulatory strategies and the role of urea in the Magadi tilapia. Can. J. Zool., 80: A.N Bergman, Laurent, P., Otiang a- Owiti G., Harold l. Bergman, P. J. Walsh, P. Wilson, and C. M. Wood (2003). Physiological adaptations of the gut in the lake Magadi tilapia, (Alcolapia Grahami,) alkaline- and saline- adapted teleosts fish. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. Part A: 130: Ojoo, R.O., Otiang'a-Owiti, G.E., Oduor-Okelo, D. & Onyango D. W. (2005): Frequency of stages of the seminiferous cycle in the thick-tailed bush baby (Otolemur garnetti), a prosimian primate: possible phylogenetic implications?. Anatomy & Embryology 209:

7 31. Njogu, A., Otiang a-owiti G E, Persson E., & Oduor-Okelo D., (2005). Ultrastructure of the chorioallantoic placenta and chorionic vesicles of the lesser bushbaby (Galago senegalensis). Placenta 27: Otiang a-owiti G. E & Abiya-Osewe I (2007). Human impact on lake ecosystems: the case of Lake Naivasha, Kenya. Accepted in African Journal of Aquatic Sciences (April 2007). Popular Articles 1. Owiti, G.E.O.: Are you pregnant? Beware use of drugs - did you know? Health Digest, August Owiti, G.E.O.: Animal to human infections - did you know? Health Digest, Sept/Oct, Technical Reports 1. Larsen S., Owiti, G.E.O. & Guchu, C., Assessment of the general sustainability of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine - Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania November, 50pp. 2. Koyo A et al., National State of Wetland Ecosystem Report KENYA. Biodiversity indicators for National Use Project. Abstracts Conferences, Platform & Poster Presentations. 1. Oduor-Okelo, D., Owiti, G.E.O. & Gombe, S.: An haemophagous organ in a rodent placenta - the root rat (Tachyorcytes splendens). At Annual Conference 9 th -12 th July, 1985: Session 7b. Proceedings in the Society for the study of Fertility - Aberdeen (Abstract in Proceedings). 2. Owiti, G.E.O., Cukierski, M.A., Tarara, R. P., Enders, A. C. & Hendrickx, A.G Early placentation in the African Green Monkey. Anatomical Record 214:96A (Abstract in Proceedings). 3. Owiti, G.E.O., Cukierski, M.A., Tarara, R. P., Enders, A. C. & Hendrickx, A.G. Early Placentation in the African Green Monkey. American Association of Anatomists 99 th Annual Meeting 6 th -10 th April, 1986, Reno, Nevada, USA (Poster Presentation). 4. Lasley, B.L., Schideler, S.E., Tell L., Owiti, G.O. & Shahnazarian L.: The relationship between serum estradiol and progesterone concentrations to the enzymeimmunoassay measurements of urinary estrone conjugates and immunoreactive pregnanediol-3- glucuronide. Annual meeting Society for the Study of Reproduction in Columbia, Missouri, USA, 7 th -11 th August, 1989 (Abstract in Proceedings). 5. Tell, L.A. Owiti, G., Behboodi, E. Tarantal, A. et al.,: Detection of early pregnancy in the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) using an automated non-radioactive fluorescence immunoassay. AAZV [American Association of Zoo Veterinarians] Annual Proceedings (1989): 188, 1989 (Abstract). 6. Makori, N., Oduor-Okelo, D., Warui, C.N. & Otiang'a-Owiti, G. An ultrastructural and morphometric study of the late-term placenta of the root-rat (Tachyoryctes splendens Ruppell). 2nd International 7

8 Conference on Advances in Reproductive Research in Man & Animals, 3 rd 9 th May 1992, Nairobi, Kenya (Oral Presentation). 7. Onyango, D.W., Oduor-Okelo, D. & Otiang'a-Owiti, G.E. Light and electron microscopic study of the structure of the ductuli efferentes in the non-breeding naked mole rat (Heterocephalus glaber). 2nd International Conference on Advances in Reproductive Research in Man and Animals, 3 rd 9 th May 1992, Nairobi, Kenya (Oral Presentation). 8. Otiang'a-Owiti, G., Tarantal, A.F. & Hendrickx, A.G. A Case of holoprosencephaly with facial dysmorphia in the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). In Anatomy subject meeting - Inter- University Council 2 nd - June 1992, Arusha, Tanzania (Oral Presentation). 9. Otiang'a-Owiti, G., Tarantal, A.F. & Hendrickx, A.G. Role of embryo on the endocrine profiles during early pregnancy in the cynomolgus monkey. At the First Congress of the African Association of Physiological Sciences (AAPS) September 1992, Nairobi, Kenya (Oral Presentation). 10. Otiang'a-Owiti, G.E., Pow, C.S.T. & Hendrickx, A.G. The role of retinoic acid in morphogenesis in macaque embryos. School of Veterinary Medicine, Tuskegee University, Alabama May 1996 (Invited Oral Presentation). 11. Makori, N. Peterson, P.E., Hummller, H. Blakenship, T.N., Owiti, G.E. & Hendrickx A.G. Pathogenesis of 13-cis retinoic and acid-induced craniofacial malformations in the long-tailed monkey (Macaca fascicularis). Teratology 53: No.2: 40, February 1996 (Abstract in Proceedings). 12. Makori, N., Peterson, P.E., H. Blakenship, T.N., Owiti, G.E. & Hendrickx, A.G. Pathogenesis of 13- cis retinoic acid-induced craniofacial malformations in the long-tailed monkey (Macaca fascicularis). The Teratology Society 36th Annual Meeting, June 1996 (Platform Presentation). 13. Langat, D.K., Mwenda, J.M., Owiti, G.E.O. & Wango, E.O.: Biochemical characterization of retroviral-related antigens expressed in normal baboon placental tissues. 1st Pan-African Conference on Biochemical and Molecular Biology, September 2-6, 1996, Nairobi, Kenya (Presentation). 14. Oguna, M.J., Ndolo, T.M., Wango, E.O., Owiti, G.O., Dunbar, B.S. & Schowoebel, E.D.: Pig and rabbit zonae pellucidae vaccination in the female baboon (Papio anubis): Comparison of immunogenicity. 1st Pan-African Conference on Biochemical and Molecular Biology, September 2-6, 1996, Nairobi, Kenya (Oral Presentation). 15. Hendrickx, A. G, Peterson, P. E., Otiang a-owiti, G. E., Tarantal, A. F., Dieter, J., Lasley, B. & Overstreet, J.: Endocrine and morphological Biomarkers of Early pregnancy loss in macaques. Convinces Eleventh Scientific Symposium on Reproduction in Non-Human Primates: A model System for Human Reproductive Physiology and Toxicology held in May 13-14, 1997, Munster, Germany. 16. Langat, D. K., Johnson, P. M., Rote, N. S., Owiti, G. O., Wango, E.O & Mwenda, J. M. Characterization of HIV/SIV cross-reactive antigens expressed in normal baboon placental villous tissue. J. Mol. Medicine: 75 (7), B178 (94A), (Abstract). 17. Langat, D. K., Mwenda, J. M., Owiti, G. E. O. & Wango, E. O.: Characterization of retroviral-related antigens expressed in normal baboon placental tissues. European Tumor Virus Group XXII Meeting, 5 th 9 th March, Innsbrucks/Igls, Austria,

9 18. Otiang a-owiti, G. E., Peterson, P., Makori, N., Blakenship, T & Hendrickx, A. G.: Role of retinoids in morphogenesis and dysmorphogenesis in macaque embryos. Symposium held in the School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zambia, Impact of Veterinary Education on Health and Production of Livestock in Southern Africa, 9 th -14 th April (Oral Presentation) 19. Otiang a-owiti G. E., Patel, O. V. Meese, R., Makori, N. & Hogg, D. A.: Persistent cloaca and atresia ani in a calf. Biennial Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Conference. Held on August (Oral Presentation). 20. Otianga-Owiti G. E.: Review of methods employed in studying embryogenesis. Regional Biotechnology Workshop held in Nairobi, Kenya 16 th to 18 th September (Invited Oral Presentation). 21. Otiang'a-Owiti G. E. & Mathiu, P. M. Veterinarian in Wildlife and Ecosystem Health-an East African perspective. Biennial Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Conference held in Nairobi from August 30 th to 31 st 2000 (Oral Presentation). 22. Otiang a-owiti G. E & Abiya Oswe I.: Human Impact On Lake Ecosystems- The Case of Lake Naivasha: Pan Africa PAGES Workshop on African Palaeoenvironments - LINKING THE PAST TO THE PRESENT AND THE FUTURE. Nairobi Safari Club, Lillian Towers Nairobi Kenya July Otiang a-owiti G. E: International course on African Wetland management- An International training initiative for wetland managers 7 th INTECOL International Wetlands Conference Utrecht, The Netherlands July Otiang a-owiti G. E. Human Wildlife Conflict. An oral presentation at an International Workshop on Rural Renewal Held at Stoas Professional University, Drontein Netherlands November 2004 Textbook in preparation for submission 1. Otiang a-owiti, G. E., Hogg D. A. & Hendrickx, A. G. Introduction to Vertebrate Embryology Vol. I: From Germ Cells To The Embryo -A Ten Chapter Volume-(in advance stage of preparation) Vol. II: Special Embryology (in prep.) 2. Peter M. F. Mbithi, J. Nguhiu-Mwangi & Otiang'a-Owiti, G. E. The Veterinary Handbook on Routine Operative Surgical Procedures. (Submitted to University of Nairobi Press). SCIENTIFIC/RESEARCH SUPPORT AND AWARDS 1. Deans' Committee Research Grant: World Health Organization Research Training rant including funds to conduct research in Development of the African Green Monkey as a model for human development and reproductive studies. 3. WHO Re-entry Grant for 12 months ( ) to conduct research on "Morphological and Physiological features of the conceptus during early pregnancy in African Green Monkey" (Cercopithecus aethiops). 9

10 4. Dean's Committee Research Grant 1991 to present. Skeleton development (ossification) and developmental staging in the small East African goat. 6. Fulbright Research Scholar Fellowship (From United States Information Agency). To conduct research on retinoic acid receptors in macaque embryos at CRPRC University of California, Davis, USA, September 1995-July