Professional and academic, opposite concepts? The French approach for filling the hypothetic gap

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1 Professional and academic, opposite concepts? The French approach for filling the hypothetic gap Dr. Jean-Marie FILLOQUE Former Vice-Rector for LLL and academic affairs of the University of Brest Former President of the French National Network of UCE departments (CDSUFC) Member of the CNEE- National Council Education-Economy 07 June 2017 Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, DE 18 april

2 Part 1 1: introduction 2

3 Part 1 1: introduction 3

4 Part 1 1: introduction The classical understanding... An academic qualification involves the study of a subject with an academic discipline and (hopefully) research focus. The overriding purpose of this qualification is a contribution to the learners specialised knowledge of a subject...* A professional qualification enables the learner to apply its knowledge in a practical manner, in a professional practice. 4

5 Part 1 1: introduction The acquisition and recognition of the qualifications... à By colleges, lycées, faculties, universities à By training centres, polytechnics, professional schools, hautes écoles, fachhochscule... and sometimes universities... 5

6 Part 1 1: introduction 6

7 Objectives of the keynote... Higher education Professional training/skills development Employment/active life 18 april

8 Part 2 The French context Part 2: The French context 1. Qualifications, Employment and professional/ vocational training 2. Students demography 3. Higher Education 18 april

9 Part 2 The French context Qualification Qualification framework à Separation between general education and professional and technical studies with their own diplomas and certificates. à The question of qualifications is shared between institutions through different ways depending of the professional sector, the level, the stakeholders... 9

10 Part 2 The French context Qualification/employment The French context Millions of persons àevolution of the number of active persons according to the level of qualification 7,0 6,0 5,0 4,0 Self-employed/liberal professions (EQF?) Managers/engeneer/teachers... (EQF 6-8) Technicians and associate professionals (EQF 5/6) Qualified employees 3,0 2,0 1,0 0, Non qualified employees Skilled workers unskilled workers Others (like military..) Source : DARES Analyses Ministry of Labour, employment, professional training and social dialog 10

11 Part 2 The French context Student demography The French context à The increasing number of graduates ( EQF 5) in the population... 45% 40% 7.6 millions 35% 30% 25% 20% 5 millions 6.6 millions 11.3 millions 25 to 49 years 50 to 64 years 65 years and more 15% Together 10% 5% 0% Source : French HE Ministry 11

12 Part 2 The French context Student demography The French context à The widening access to higher education Millions of students 3 2,5 62% 2 1,5 1 0,5 Universities Technician sup. (Lycée) High school prepa (Lycée) Others HEI (High schools) Total Source : French HE Ministry 12

Part 2 The French context Higher education The French context 2,5 Millions of students in France in 2015-16 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 18% 65% 17% Most of the French Higher Education system is

13 Part 2 The French context Higher education The French context 2,5 Millions of students in France in % 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 18% 65% 17% Most of the French Higher Education system is public, with very low tuition fees (~ 1.6 Millions students which pays between 170 and 500 /year) and it depends on the Ministry of Education (65%) 0% Private ins+tu+ons HER ministry Other ministries 13

Part 2 The French context Higher education The French context EQF Years +11 +10

000 CP 98 000 DUT 116 000 Doctorate 58 500 Master 418 000 students Licence

14 Part 2 The French context Higher education The French context EQF Years Figures D M B BTS GE CP DUT Doctorate Master students Licence (Bachelor) students Baccalauréat Access diploma : Health studies

15 State of play: Higher education Professional training/ skills development Employment/active life þ A majority of each French generation study at university... þ A majority of HE diplomas are delivered by Universities þ Most of the universities' graduates find a job and work... So april

16 How academic and professional qualifications have been progressively mixed to produce skilled graduates? And, stating that French universities are opened to adults, is it a strategy for promoting lifelong learning? 18 april

17 Part 3 The convergence Part 3: The timeline of a convergence april

18 Part 3 The convergence The timeline of a convergence.. World of HE / World of Professional training and employment /

19 Part 3 The convergence The timeline of a convergence.. World of HE Stakeholders of higher education: à Ministry of Higher Education à Trade unions of teachers/researchers à Conference of Rectors (after 2007) / World of Professional training and employment / Stakeholders of work and employment world: à Social partners (Employers/employees) à Ministry of labour à Regional authorities (after 1982/3)

20 Part 3 The convergence World of HE Birth of the Technological University Institute First* example of HE faculty mixing professional issues and theoretical studies in the area of technologies: Internship, professionals as teacher, practical activities... à Today : students/ 7.3% of students, Diploma at EQF level 5 à Access : selection / World of Professional training and employment /

21 Part 3 The convergence World of HE Birth of IUT Orientation law for HE After 1968 events, a huge reform of Universities : Creation of new universities including former faculties which have lost their autonomy. à Universities are Scientific and cultural public institutions / World of Professional training and employment / New missions : - To provide managers and high level personals in all sectors - To participate to social and economic development - To participate to adult education... - To open access to HE...

22 Part 3 The convergence World of HE Birth of IUT Orientation law for HE The law (so called law Delors ) under the umbrella of Ministry of labour has organised Continuing education in France... à A law based on an agreement between social partners, update regularly à A law which organises the financing schemes, the governance, the stakeholders, the training possibilities, and opens the market of the CE / World of Professional training and employment 1971 First law on CE 1982/ The ministry of HE decides to be an actor (a provider) for this new market... But the HEI are free to do... à Creation of UCE departments à Special funds to develop experimentations in universities à...

23 Part 3 The convergence World of HE Birth of IUT Orientation law for HE HE Law : CE is a mission! The HE reform in à HE becomes a public service of HE à Professional is added to the status of HEI à Initial and continuing education becomes the first mission of HE (over 4) and decrees will organize (structure) UCE activities in the framework of the law on CE / World of Professional training and employment 1971 First law on CE 1982/ This is an internal law... but CE becomes more official and opens to new relations and partnerships with economic actors: enterprises, organisations, clients...

24 Part 3 The convergence World of HE Birth of IUT Orientation law for HE HE Law : CE is a mission! Apprenticeship become possible in HE à A new regulation for apprenticeship (open for HE!!) / World of Professional training and employment 1971 First law on CE EQF / EQF Total Univ + Hschools EQF 5

25 Part 3 The convergence World of HE Birth of IUT Orientation law for HE HE Law : CE is a mission! Apprenticeship become possible in HE The first law dedicated to RPL in 1992 and a decree for the diplomas of our Ministry in / World of Professional training and employment 1971 First law on CE 1982/ law on RPPL by Edu. à Validation of professional experience to obtain part of a professional diploma, à Procedure based on a portefolio! à Professionals can be members of the jurys

26 Part 3 The convergence World of HE Birth of IUT Orientation law for HE HE Law : CE is a mission! Professional licence Apprenticeship become possible in HE à A new professional diploma at level 6 (EQF), called Licence professionnelle dedicated to a direct access to employment... But organised as a one year program / World of Professional training and employment 1971 First law on CE 1982/ law on RPPL by Edu. à A success story at the beginning... à Strong interest and participation of companies and prof. sectors à CE, WBL, internship...

27 Part 3 The convergence n HE Law : CE is a mission! Professional licence Apprenticeship become possible in HE Decree on the bologna process : LMD and quality A decree in 2002, implements the Bologna process in French universities / Degrees vs skills and competencies 2/ law on RPPL by Edu. Law for social modernisation : VAE and RNCP At the same time, a law called for social modernisation creates : à The national repository of professional certifications and the adhoc commission... à The VAE for all the registered certifications

28 Part 3 The convergence Professional licence Apprenticeship become possible in HE Decree on the bologna process : BMD and quality Law for freedom and responsibility of universities: job insertion A law changing the management of Universities... A kind of extended autonomy but under control n L by Law for social modernisation : VAE and RNCP à From 4 to 7 missions.. à One of the new is: Guidance and professional insertion.

29 Part 3 The convergence 2002 Decree on the bologna process : BMD and quality Law for freedom and responsibility of universities: job insertion 2007 Law for higher education and research : Lifelong learning 2013 New government, new law... but important evolutions... New mission : à Lifelong Initial and continuing education!!! r social isation : RNCP And many other side effects à Improvement councils for each diploma à Skills and competences à Entrepreneurship à Apprenticeship

30 Part 3 The convergence Decree on the bologna process : BMD and quality The last law called professional training, employment and social democracy has been voted in march r social isation : RNCP Law for freedom and responsibility of universities: job insertion Law for higher education and research : Lifelong learning Law on professional training, employment and social democracy à Higher education is a new stakeholder invited to National and regional Councils for professional training (CNEFOP and CREFOP) à Creation of a new Personal Training Account for all citizens... (CPF) à Creation of a repository of all the professional certifications that can be chosen... and financed... à Mandatory quality assurance for all providers à...

31 Part 3 The convergence Decree on the bologna process : BMD and quality The future... Law for freedom and responsibility of universities: job insertion Law for higher education and research : Lifelong learning ? New government r social isation : RNCP Law on professional training, employment and social democracy

32 Part 3 The convergence Birth of IUT HE Law : CE is a mission! Professional licence Decree on the bologna process : BMD and quality World of HE Orientation law for HE Apprenticeship become possible in HE Law for freedom and responsibility of universities: job insertion / Law for higher education and research : Lifelong learning World of Professional training and employment 1971 First law on CE 1982/ law on RPPL by Edu. Law for social modernisation : VAE and RNCP Law on professional training, employment and social democracy

33 Part 2 Part 4 discussion Part 4: discussion april

34 Thank you very much for your attention! Dr. Jean-Marie FILLOQUE Former Vice-Rector for LLL and academic affairs of the University of Brest (Université Bretagne Loire) Former President of the French National Network of UCE departments (CDSUFC) Member of the CNEE- National Council Education-Economy Gsm : , rue Avel Walarn, F29200 Brest, FRANCE 18 april

EQF Pro 1 st Partner Meeting Lille, 28 March 2008, 9:30 16:30.

EQF Pro 1 st Partner Meeting Lille,, 9:30 16:30. Present: Michel Feutrie (MF); Danièle Pouliquen (DP), Maike Schansker (MS), Isabel Martins (IM), Joana Coutinho (JC), Doris Gomezlj (DG), Jean-Marie Dujardin