PROSPECTUS. ONE YEAR POST DIPLOMA COURSE IN INDUSTRIAL SAFETY ( Academic Session : )

Transcription

1 PROSPECTUS ONE YEAR POST DIPLOMA COURSE IN INDUSTRIAL SAFETY ( Academic Session : ) GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, MINISTRY OF LABOUR & EMPLOYMENT REGIONAL LABOUR INSTITUTE Directorate General Factory Advice Service & Labour Institutes VYAVSAYIK SWASTHAYA AUR SURAKSHA BHAWAN, SARVODAYA NAGAR, KANPUR PHONE: , , rlikanpur5@gmail.com THE COURSE PERSPECTIVE: Rapid technological development and large-scale mechanisation are posing complex problems about Safety and Health of the industrial Workers. Accident rate in India is very high and is disproportionate to the growth of industries. It also compares unfavourably with the performance in the advanced countries. Need of ensuring Safety and health at work, therefore, is an important area for managerial action. In this context, services of qualified safety professionals in the industry, to plan, implement and monitor accident prevention programmes, are essential. Recognising this a new Section (Section 40-B) was introduced in the Factories Act 1948 with effect from 26th October 1976, which necessitates any factory employing 1000 or more workers or in which any process or operation is carried on, exposing any person employed in it, to serious risk of bodily injury, poisoning or disease, to employ, one or more safety officers. Already many state Governments and Union territories have framed Rules under Section 40-B of the Factories Act 1948, specifying the qualifications of Safety officers and their duties. These rules are based on the model rules framed by the Directorate General Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes, Government of India. As per these rules, for recruitment as Safety Officer, a person should possess a Diploma in industrial safety, recognised by the State Government as an essential qualification. Anticipating the need of qualified Safety Officers, the REGIONAL LABOUR INSTITUTE KANPUR has been conducting, a one-year, recognised Post Diploma Course in industrial Safety since , which conforms to the requirements as, envisaged in the Factories Rules. This course provides comprehensive education on the practical as well as academic aspects of industrial Safety and Health. This institute entertains applications from candidates employed in the states of Uttar Pradesh (Except NCR), Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Uttarakhand and Rajasthan) only. 1

2 METHODOLOGY: The course will be conducted through lectures, discussions, case studies, laboratory exercises, relevant film shows and factory visits. The students are also required to carry out one project & one term work during the course of the programme, as a requirement under the syllabus. COURSE OUTLINE: The Course is offered in three terms. During 1 st & 3 rd terms, following eight Compulsory & one Elective papers will be covered: Compulsory Papers 1. Safety Management. 2. Safety Engineering - I 3. Safety Engineering - II 4. Appraisal, Analysis, Inspection & Control Procedures. 5. Safety and the Law. 6. Industrial Hygiene & Occupational Health. 7. Safety in Chemical Industry. 8. Environmental Education & Disaster Management. Elective Papers (Anyone): 1. Safety in Engineering Industry. 2. Safety in Textile Industry. 3. Dock Safety. 4. Safety in Construction Industry. During 2 nd term students will report back to their respective organisations and shall complete the project & Term Work according to the Scheme prescribed by the Board of Technical Education, U. P. DATES AND TIMINGS: First Term : From 15 th July 2013 to 25 th October 2013 Time a.m. to 6.00 p.m. (Teaching at the Institute) Second Term: From 28 th October 2013 to 31 th December 2013 (Project and term work in respective factories) Third Term :From 2 nd January 2014 to 31 st March 2014, Time a.m. to 6.00 p.m (Teaching at the institute) EXAMINATION: All students will have to appear for a final examination, which will be conducted by the Board of Technical Education, U.P. The examination scheme includes theoretical papers, evaluation of project work, evaluation of term work, practical and oral examinations. 2

3 FACULTY: The faculty consists of experts from various disciplines of the Institute, specialists from industries, institutions and other Government departments. QUALIFICATION FOR ADMISSION: (i) Basic Educational Qualification: Recognised Basic Degree or Diploma in any branch of Technology (Engineering Stream)/ Engineering or a recognised degree in science with Physics or Chemistry. (ii) Experience Required: Experience of minimum two years in case of degree in Technology / Engineering and minimum five years in the case of Diploma in Engineering / Technology or degree with Physics or Chemistry, in any of the following fields: (a) Experience in manufacturing, maintenance, or Safety Department in an industry or (b) Experience in Building or other construction work or department of port or dock or construction Industry, or (c) Experience in research, training or education in the field of industrial Safety or (d) Experience in a Government department in administration of any safety legislation. (iii) Reservation: For SC/ST/OBC candidate's seats are reserved in accordance with the Government Rules. Candidate has to attach caste certificate on prescribed government format in respect of SC/ST/OBC reservation, issued within six month by competent authority. (iv) Sponsorship / Permission The candidate must be sponsored or permitted by their employers. If the sponsorship / permission is withdrawn by the management during the course, the candidate will be disqualified from continuance of the course. FEE, CAUTION DEPOSIT, OTHER CHARGES & THEIR MODES OF PAYMENT: (i) Institute Fee: On the day of admission to the course, the selected candidates will have to deposit Rs. 7250/- (Rs. Seven Thousand Two Hundred Fifty only) (Nonrefundable under any circumstance) as institute fee, for the entire course. This amount will have to be paid either by cash or by a separate crossed Demand Draft drawn in favour of the Head of office, Regional Labour Institute, Kanpur, payable at Kanpur. Please note that multi-city cheques will not be accepted. (ii) Caution Money deposit: On the day of admission to the course, the selected candidates will also have to deposit Rs.1200/-(Rs. One Thousand Two Hundred only) (Refundable) for library & laboratory facilities. This amount can be paid either by cash or by a separate crossed Demand Draft drawn in favour of the Head of office, Regional Labour Institute, Kanpur, payable at Kanpur. Please note that multi-city cheques will not be accepted. Note: If paid by Demand Draft, the Demand Draft for caution money amount must be separate & should not be combined with the Demand Draft for the institute fee. (iii) Hostel Charges: The course is non-residential and staying in RLI hostel is not compulsory. Rs. 30/- (Rupees Thirty only) per head per day will be charged from those 3

4 who are accommodated in the hostel. These charges are to be paid in advance at the beginning of every month by cash. (iv) Expenses of Student Centred Activities: The expenses for the visits to the factories & organising seminar etc., which are a part of the course curriculum, will have to be paid by the students/ sponsoring organisations to the committee formed amongst the students. (v) Board's Enrolment & Examination fee etc.: To be paid separately to the Board of Technical Education, U.P. as per their latest directives. (This amount was Rs. 570/- (Rupees Five hundred seventy only) during the session These charges will be collected from the students in cash & will be deposited to the Board. (vi) Payment towards annual function of BTE, UP: To be paid to the Board of technical education, UP. (This amount was Rs 10/-(Rupees Ten only) per candidate during the session These charges will be collected from the students in cash & will be deposited to the Board. DRESS: All Students have to adhere to prescribed dress and expenses towards this will be borne by the students /sponsoring organisations. APPLICATION: The prescribed application form for admission to PDIS course at RLI Kanpur should be downloaded on an A4 size plain paper from the website Applications that are not made in the above mentioned form will not be considered. Duly filled in application forms, accompanied by copies of certificates in respect of age, qualification, duration & nature of experience, duly self attested should be sent so as to reach the Head of Office, Regional Labour Institute, Sarvodaya Nagar, Kanpur latest by 10 th May Applications received late will not be considered. INTERVIEW: After preliminary screening the eligible candidates will be required to appear for an interview before a selection committee at Regional Labour Institute, Kanpur. Admission to the available seats will be given to only those candidates who are recommended for admission by the Admission Selection Committee after the interview. The candidates will themselves have to meet all the travelling expenses to attend the interview. It may be noted that calling for interview does not guarantee admission to the course. At the time of the interview candidates will have to produce all original certificate in support of the educational qualification, age, caste and experience as given in their applications. Admission will not be granted based upon provisional certificates issued by the colleges. ACCOMMODATION: Though the course is non-residential & staying in RLI hostel is not compulsory still limited, non-family accommodation in the hostel, situated in the campus of the Institute is available on first come first served basis, considering the date of receipt of applications at the institute. The Institute does not have women hostel. 4 (Hindi version from next page)

5 (HINDI VERSION) fooj.k if=dk vks ksfxd lqj{kk ij,d o"khz; ikslv fmiyksek ikb~;øe ('ksf{kd l= ) Hkkjr ljdkj] Je,oa jkstxkj ea=ky; {ks=h; Je lalfkku dkj[kkuk lykg lsok vksj Je lalfkku egkfuns'kky; O;kolkf;d LokLF; vksj lqj{kk Hkou] lokszn; uxj] dkuiqj & nwjhkk"k la-] , , bz esy% :rlikanpur5@gmail.com ikb~;øe lanhkz % nzqr xfr ls gks jgs izks ksfxdh; fodkl rfkk cm+s isekus ij ;a=hdj.k ls vks ksfxd Jfedksa dh lqj{kk rfkk LokLF; ls lacaf/kr tfvy lel;k,a mriuu gks jgh gsaa Hkkjro"kZ esa nq?kzvukvksa dh nj cgqr Å ph gs rfkk ;g nj m ksxksa ds fodkl ds vuqikr esa fo"ke gsa ;g nj vxzorhz jk"vªksa dh nq?kzvuk njksa dh rqyuk esa Hkh izfrdwy gsa blfy, dk;zlfky ij lqj{kk vksj LokLF; dks lqfuf'pr djuk izca/k O;oLFkk dk vko';d drzo; gks tkrk gsa bl laca/k esa m ksxkas esa nq?kzvukvksa dh jksdfkke ds dk;zdzeksa dh ;kstuk cukus] mugsa dk;kzfuor djus rfkk vuqoh{k.k djus ds fy, izf'kf{kr lqj{kk O;olkf;dksa dh lsokvksa dh vr;ur vko';drk gksrh gsa lqj{kk vf/kdkfj;ksa dh vko';drk dks eku;rk iznku djus ds fy, dkj[kkuk vf/kfu;e 1948 dh /kkjk 40 ch ds varxzr 26 vdvwcj 1976 ls,d uohu /kkjk dk lw=ikr fd;k x;k gs ftlds vuqlkj mu dkj[kkuksa esa ftuesa 1000 ;k blls vf/kd dezpkjh dk;zjr gsa] vfkok ftuesa,slh izfdz;k rfkk izpkyu dk dk;z gks jgk gks] ftlls dk;zjr O;fDr dks 'kkjhfjd {kfr lecu/kh xehkhj [krjksa] fo"kk;.kksa rfkk jksxksa ls izhkkfor gksus dk ladv fo eku gks] esa jkt; ljdkjksa dks] dkj[kkuksa ds fu;ksdrkvksa dks,d ;k,d ls vf/kd lqj{kk vf/kdkfj;ksa dks fu;qdr djus dk vkns'k nsus dk vf/kdkj izkir gsa bl laca/k esa fofhkuu jkt; ljdkjksa rfkk la?k jkt; {ks= dh ljdkjksa us dkj[kkuk vf/kfu;e 1948 dh /kkjk 40 ch ds varxzr lqj{kk vf/kdkfj;ksa dh 'ksf{kd ;ksx;rk rfkk muds drzo; laca/kh fu;e fufnz"v dj fn, gsa A ;g fu;e Hkkjr ljdkj ds dkj[kkuk lykg lsok vksj Je lalfkku }kjk fufnz"v vkn'kz fu;eksa ij vk/kkfjr gsa bu fu;eksa ds vuqlkj fdlh O;fDr dks lqj{kk vf/kdkjh dh fu;qfdr ds fy, ;ksx;rk ds :i esa jkt; ljdkj }kjk eku; vks ksfxd lqj{kk esa fmiyksek izkir djuk vko';d gsa ;ksx; lqj{kk vf/kdkfj;ksa dh vko';drk dh iwfrz dh /kkj.kk djrs gq,] {ks=h; Je lalfkku dkuiqj lu~ ls vks ksfxd lqj{kk esa eku;rk izkir,d o"khz; ikb~;øe dk vk;kstu djrk pyk vk jgk gs tks fd dkj[kkuk fu;eksa esa ifjdfyir vko';drkvksa ds vuq:i f'k{kk iznku djrk gsa ;g ikb~;dze 5

6 vks ksfxd lqj{kk esa O;kid f'k{kk rfkk izf'k{k.k ds lkfk&lkfk vks ksfxd lqj{kk,oa LokLF; ds O;ogkfjd rfkk 'ks{kf.kd igyw ij Hkh cy nsrk gsa ;g lalfkku dsoy mrrjizns k ¼,u0lh0vkj0 ds vfrfjdr½ e/;izns k] NRrhlx<] mrrjk[kam],oa jktlfkku izns kksa esa dk;zjr vh;ffkz;ksa ds vkosnu i= Lohdkj djsxka f'k{k.k i)fr % ikb~;øe dk lapkyu] O;k[;kuksa] fopkj foe'kksza]?kvuk v/;;uksa] iz;ksx'kkyk vh;klksa] mfpr fqyeksa ds izn'kzu vksj dkj[kkuksa ds Hkze.k }kjk fd;k tkrk gsa ikb~; fooj.k ds vuqlkj Nk=ksa dks ikb~;dze dh vof/k esa,d izkstsdv dk;z rfkk,d l= dk;z Hkh djuk gksrk gsa ikb~;øe dh :ijs[kk % ;g ikb~;dze 3 l=ksa esa fohkkftr gs ftlesa izfke rfkk r`rh; l= esa fueu vkb vfuok;z vksj,d p;fur isilz vurfuzfgr gksaxsa vfuok;z isilz 1- lqj{kk izca/ku 2- lqj{kk bathfu;fjax&1 3- lqj{kk bathfu;fjax&2 4- ewy;kadu] fo'ys"k.k] fujh{k.k,oa fu;a=.k dh in~/kfr;ka 5- lqj{kk o dkuwu 6- vks ksfxd LokF; fokku,oa O;kolkf;d LokLF; 7- jklk;fud m ksx esa lqj{kk 8- i;kzoj.k v/;;u,oa vkikrdkyhu izca/ku p;fur fo"k; % fueu esa ls dksbz,d 1- bathfu;fjax m ksx esa lqj{kk 2- ol= m ksx esa lqj{kk 3- xksnh lqj{kk 4- fuekz.k m ksx esa lqj{kk f}rh; l= esa fo kfkhz vius laxbuksa dks okil tk,axs vksj mrrj izns'k jkt; izkfof/kd f'k{kk ifj"kn }kjk fu/kkzfjr Ldhe ds vuqlkj izkstsdv fjiksvz o VeZ odz dks iw.kz djsaxsa frffk;ka,oa le; % izfke l= % 15 tqykbz 2013 ls 25 vdvwcj 2013 rd cts lqcg ls lk;a 6-00 cts rd lalfkku esa f'k{k.k f}rh; l=% 28 vdvwcj 2013 ls 31 fnlecj 2013 rd vius laxbuksa esa izkstsdv o VeZ odz dk dk;z ]ftlesa fjiksvz rs;kj djuk Hkh lfeefyr gs r`rh; l=% 2 tuojh 2014 ls 31 ekpz 2014 rd cts lqcg ls lk;a 6-00 cts rd lalfkku esa f'k{k.k 6

7 ijh{kk % lhkh fo kffkz;ksa dks mrrj izns'k izkfof/kd f'k{kk ifj"kn }kjk lapkfyr okf"kzd ijh{kk esa lfeefyr gksuk gksxka ijh{kk dh :ijs[kk esa ls)kafrd isilz] izkstsdv dk;z dk ewy;kadu] iz;ksxkred vksj eksf[kd ijh{kk,a lfeefyr gsaa ladk; % ladk; ds :i esa lalfkku ds fofhkuu fohkkxksa ds fo'ks"kkksa] m ksxksa] lalfkkuksa rfkk vu; ljdkjh fohkkxksa ds fo'ks"kkksa dk ;ksxnku jgrk gsa izos'k ds fy, 'ksf{kd ;ksx;rk % (i) izkjfehkd 'ksf{kd ;ksx;rk % VsDuksykth ¼bathfu;fjax LVªhe½@bathfu;fjax dh fdlh Hkh ewy 'kk[kk ls eku;rk izkir fmxzh ;k fmiyksek vfkok HkkSfrd 'kkl= ;k jlk;u 'kkl= ds lkfk eku;rk izkir fmxzha (ii) vko';d vuqhko % VsDuksykth@bathfu;fjax fmxzh /kkjdksa ds fy, de ls de nks o"kz dk rfkk bathfu;fjax@ VsDuksykth fmiyksek ;k HkkSfrd@jlk;u 'kkl= ds lkfk fmxzh /kkjdksa ds fy, de ls de ik p o"kz dk fueu vuqhko v½ fdlh m ksx ;k ljdkjh laxbu ds mriknu] vuqj{k.k ;k lqj{kk fohkkx esa dk;z dk vuqhko ;k c½ fdlh fcfymax ;k vu; fuekz.k dk;z esa ;k iksvz@xksnh fohkkx esa fuekz.k m ksx dk vuqhko ;k l½ vks ksfxd lqj{kk ds {ks= esa vuqla/kku] izf'k{k.k ;k v/;kiu dk;z dk vuqhko ;k n½ fdlh ljdkjh fohkkx esa lqj{kk dkuwu ds iz'kklu ds dk;z dk vuqhko (iii) vkj{k.k % ljdkjh fu;ekuqlkj vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa@tutkfr;ksa@vu; finm+s oxz ds meehnokjksa ds fy, LFkku vkjf{kr gsaa vh;ffkz;ksa dks v-tkfr@vuq-tutkfr@vu; finm+k oxz vkj{k.k ds fy, fu/kkzfjr 'kkldh; izi= esa l{ke vf/kdkjh }kjk 6 ekg ds Hkhrj fuxzr fd;k x;k tkfr izek.k i= layxu djuk gksxk A (iv) izk;kstdrk@vuqkk % meehnokj dks mlds fu;ksdrk laxbu ls izk;kstdrk@vuqkk ¼vuqefr½ izkir gksuh pkfg,a ;fn ;g izk;kstdrk@vuqkk ¼vuqefr½ dkslz ds nksjku izca/ku }kjk okil ys yh tkrh gs rks meehnokj dks dkslz tkjh j[kus gsrq v;ksx; ekuk tk,xka 7

8 'kqyd] dk'ku euh vu; O;; rfkk buds Hkqxrku ds rjhds % (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) (v) lalfkku 'kqyd % p;fur vh;ffkz;ksa dks izos'k ysus okys fnu :- 7250/- ¼lkr gtkj nks lks ipkl :i;s ek=½ lalfkku 'kqyd ds :i esa tek djus gksaxsa ;g jkf'k tek gksus ds ckn fdlh Hkh n'kk esa yksvkbz ugha tk ldsxha bls udn }kjk vfkok vyx ls cuok;s x;s,d js[kkafdr fmek.m Mªk V tks fd dk;kzy;k/;{k] {ks=h; Je lalfkku] dkuiqj dks] dkuiqj esa ns; gks] }kjk tek fd;k tk ldrk gsa ;g Mªk V vu; fdlh 'kqyd ds lkfk tksm+dj u cuok;k tk;a d`i;k /;ku j[ksa fd eyvhflvh psd Lohdkj ugha fd;s tk;sxsa A dk'ku euh % iqlrdky;,oa iz;ksx'kkyk midj.kksa dh laj{kk Lo:i izfr Nk= #- 1200@& ¼,d gtkj nks lks #i;s ek= ½ izos'k ds le; gh tek djus gksaxs ;g jkf'k l= ds i'pkr okil dh tk ldrh gsajkf'k udn vfkok vyx ls cuk;s x;s,d js[kkafdr fmekam Mªk V tks fd dk;kzy;k/;{k] {ks=h; Je lalfkku] dkuiqj esa ns; gks] }kjk tek dh tk ldrh gsa Mªk V }kjk tek fd;s tkus ij ;g Mªk V lalfkku 'kqyd ds lkfk tksm+dj u cuk;k tk;sa d`ik;k /;ku j[ksa fd eyvhflvh psd Lohdkj ugh dh tk;sxh A Nk=kokl 'kqyd %;g vkoklh; dkslz ugha gsa rfkk Nk=kokl esa Bgjuk t#jh ugha gsa A ftu Nk=ksa dks Nk=kokl esa Bgjus ds fy, LFkku fn;k tk;sxk mugsa izfrekg ds vkjehk esa #- 30/- ¼rhl #i;s ek=½ izfr Nk= izfrfnu dh nj ls Nk=kokl 'kqyd dk udn Hkqxrku djuk gksxka Nk= dsfunzr xfrfof/k;ka % Nk=ksa ds dkj[kkus esa Hkze.k ij tkus,oa laxks"bh vk;ksftr djus ij vkus okys [kpksza dks] Nk=ksa@izk;kstdksa }kjk ogu djuk gksxka ;s xfrfof/k;k ikb~;dze dk gh fgllk gs,oa bl [kpsz dk Hkqxrku Nk=ksa esa ls cukbz xbz,d lfefr dks ns; gksxka cksmz ds ukekadu i=,oa ijh{kk 'kqyd % izkfof/kd f'k{kk ifj"kn m0iz0 ls izkir uohure funsz'kkuqlkj] ifj"kn dks izfr Nk= ukekadu i= o ijh{kk 'kqyd vkfn vyx ls ns; gksrs gsaa l= esa] ;g jkf'k #- 570@&¼ikWp lks lrrj #i;s ek= ½ izfr Nk= FkhA ;g jkf'k udn ds :i esa,df=r djds ifj"kn dks Hksth tk,xha (vi) cksmz ds okf"kzd mrlo gsrq 'kqyd % ;g jkf k izkfof/kd f k{kk ifj"kn m-iz- dks ns; gksxha l= 2012&2013 esa ;g jkf k #- 10@&¼nl #i;s ek= ½ izfr Nk= FkhA ;g jkf'k udn ds :i esa,df=r djds ifj"kn dks Hksth tk,xha iks kkd% lelr fo kffkz;ksa dks fu/kzkfjr M~sl igudj vkuk vfuok;z gksxk rfkk bl gsrq vkus okys [kpz dk ogu lacaf/kr izk;kstd@ fo kfkhz dks djuk gksxk A vkosnu izi= % {ks=h; Je lalfkku] dkuiqj esa ikslv fmiyksek vks ksfxd lqj{kk ikb~;øe esa izos k ds fy, fu/kkzfjr vkosnu izi= osclkbv ls,&4 lkbt ds dkxt ij MkmuyksM fd;s tk ldrs gsaa vkosnu izi= mijksdr fu/kkzfjr izi= esa u gksus ij Lohdkj ugha fd, tk,axsa mez] 'ksf{kd ;ksx;rk] vuqhko dh vof/k o dk;z dh izd`fr ds izek.k&i=ksa dh izfr;ka tks fd Lo;a }kjk lr;kfir gks] lfgr] Hkjk vkosnu&izi= bl izdkj Hkstsa fd og dk;kzy;k/;{k] {ks=h; Je lalfkku] lokszn; uxj] dkuiqj & dks 10 ebz 2013 rd izkir gks tk,a nsjh ls izkir vkosnu i=ks ij fopkj ugh fd;k tk,xka 8

9 lk{kkrdkj % izkjfehkd tk p&im+rky ds mijkur ;ksx; vh;ffkz;ksa dks {ks=h; Je lalfkku] dkuiqj esa p;u lfefr ds le{k lk{kkrdkj gsrq miflfkr gksuk im+sxka lk{kkrdkj ds ckn izos k miyc/k lhvks ds vuqlkj dsoy mugha vh;ffkz;ksa dks fn;k tk,xk ftuds izos k ds fy, izos k p;u lfefr }kjk lalrqfr dh tk,xh A vh;ffkz;ksa dks lk{kkrdkj esa miflfkr gksus ls laca/kh lhkh [kpsz Lo;a ogu djus gksaxsa lk{kkrdkj esa cqyk;s tkus dk vfkz ikb~;øe esa izos'k ik tkus dh xkjavh ugha gsa lk{kkrdkj ds le; meehnokj dks muds }kjk vkosnu&izi= esa myysf[kr 'ksf{kd ;ksx;rk] mez] tkfr rfkk vuqhko laca/kh izek.k i=ksa dks ewy :i esa izlrqr djuk gksxka izksfotuy izek.k i=ksa ds vk/kkj ij izos'k ugha fn;k tk;sxka vkokl % ;g vkoklh; ikb~;øe ugha gsa rfkk Nk=kokl esa Bgjuk t#jh ugha gsa fqj Hkh ekax ij lalfkku flfkr gkwlvy esa fcuk ifjokj jgus ds fy, lhfer,oa lk>k vkokl O;oLFkk izfke vkxeu izfke ns; tks fd lalfkku esa izos k gsrq vkosnu i= izkir djus dh frffk gksxh] ds vk/kkj ij miyc/k gs A lalfkku esa efgyk Nk=kokl dh lqfo/kk miyo/k ugha gsa 9