Government of Andhra Pradesh Department of School Education State Council of Educational Research & Training Category of Post: PGT Paper II ECONOMICS Syllabus Part I General Knowledge and Current AffairS (Marks: 10) Part II Perspectives in Education (Marks: 10) 1. History of Education : The Education in Ancient India - Pre-Vedic and Post-Vedic period, Medieval Education. Education in Pre Independent era - Woods Despatch (1854), Hunter Commission (1882), Hartog Committee (1929), Sargent Committee (1944). Education in Post Independent era - Mudaliar Commission (1952-53), Kothari Commission (1964-66), Ishwarbhai Patel committee (1977), NPE-1986, POA-1992 2. Teacher Empowerment: Need, interventions for empowerment, Professional code of conduct for teachers, Teacher motivation, Professional development of Teachers and Teacher organizations, National / State Level Organizations for Teacher Education, Maintenance of Records and Registers in Schools. 3. Educational Concerns in Contemporary India: Democracy and Education, Equality, Equity, Quality in Education, Equality of Educational opportunities. Economics of Education, Education as Human Capital, Education and Human Resource Development, Literacy - Saakshar Bharat Mission. Population Education, Gender - Equality, Equity and Empowerment of Women, Urbanization and migration, Life skills. Adolescence Education Value Education Morel Value and Professional Eathics in Education. Health and Physical Education Inclusive Education - Classroom Management in Inclusive Education Role of Education in view of Liberalization, Privatization and Globalization Programmes and Projects APPEP, DPEP, Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, National Programme for Education of Girls at Elementary Level (NPEGEL), Rashtriya Madhyamika Siksha Abhiyan(RMSA), Rashtriya Aveshekar Abhiyan (RAA), KGBVs, Model Schools. Incentives and special provisions Mid Day Meals, Free Books, Scholarship, Awards, Welfare Hostels, Transportation. Current Trends in Education Badi pelusthondi, Badi ki Vasta, Mavuru Mana Badi, Vidyanjali, Swacha Patasala, Inspire, Kalavutsav. 4. Acts / Rights: Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act - 2009 Right to Information Act - 2005 Child Rights Human Rights. 5. National Curriculum - Framework, 2005: Perspective, Guiding Principles, Learning and Knowledge, Teaching Learning Process, Assessment, Systemic Reforms. 1
Part - III Educational Psychology (Marks: 10) 1. Development of Child Development, Growth & Maturation Concept & Nature Principles of development and their education implication Factors influencing Development Biological, Psychological, Sociological, emotional. Dimensions of Development and their interrelationships Physical & Motor, Cognitive, Emotional, Social, Moral, Language relating to Infancy, early Childhood, late Child hood, dolescence. Understanding Development Piaget, Kohlberg, Chomsky, Carl Rogers, Erikson Individual differences Infra & Inter Individual differences in the areas of Attitudes, Aptitude, Interest, Habits, Intelligence and their Assessment. Development of Personality Concept, Factors effecting development of personality, self concept. Adjustment, Behavioural problems, Mental Health, Defense mechanism. Methods and Approaches of Child Development Introspection, Observation, Interview, Case study, Experimental, Cross sectional and Longitudinal Developmental tasks and Hazards 2. Understanding Learning Concept, Nature of Learning input process outcome Factors of Learning Personal and Environmental Approaches to Learning and their applicability Behaviorism (Skinner, Pavlov, Thorndike) Constructivism (Piaget, Vygotsky), Gestalt(Kohler, Koffka) and Observational (Bandura) Dimensions of Learning Cognitive, Affective and Performance. Motivation and Sustenance its role in learning. Memory & Forgetting Transfer of Learning 3. Pedagogical Concerns Teaching and its relationship with learning and learner. Learners in Contexts: Situating learner in the socio-political and cultural context Children from diverse contexts Children With Special Needs (CWSN), Inclusive Education. Understanding of pedagogic methods Enquiry based learning, Project based learning, Survey, Observation and Activity based learning, Cooperative and collaborative learning. Individual and Group learning: Issues and concerns with respect to organizing learning in class room like Study habits, Self learning and Learning to learn skills. Organizing learning in heterogeneous class room groups Socio-economic background, Abilities and Interest. 2
Paradigms of organizing Learning-Teacher centric, Subject centric and Learner centric. Theory of instruction Bruner Teaching as Planned activity Elements of Planning Phases of Teaching Pre active, Interactive and Post active General and Subject related skills, competencies required in teaching and attributes of good facilitator. Learning resources Self, Home, School, Community, Technology. Class room Management: Role of student, teacher, Leadership style of teacher, Creation of non threatening learning environment, Managing behaviour problems, Guidance & Counselling, Punishment and its legal implications, Rights of a child, Time Management. Distinction between Assessment for Learning & Assessment of Learning, School based Assessment, Continuous & Comprehensive Evaluation : Perspective & Practice. Understanding teaching & learning in the context of NCF, 2005 & Right to Education Act, 2009. Part - IV Content (Marks: 50) 1. Consumer Behaviour and Demand: Consumer`s Equilibrium Meaning and attainment of equilibrium through utility approach and Indifference approach, Demand, Market Demand, Determinants of Demand, Demand Curve, Movement along and Shifts in Demand Curve, Law of Demand, and its exceptions, Price, Elasticity of Demand, Measurement of Price Elasticity of Demand, Methods. 2. Producer Behaviour and Supply: Agents of Production, Production Function, Cost of Revenue Meaning and Various types of Costs and revenue. Isoquants Supply, Market Supply, Determinants of Supply, Supply Curve, Movement along shifts in Supply Curve. Price elasticity of Supply and its Measurement, Components and theories of Distribution. Welfare Economics Pare to optimality, Private and Social Products, Consumer Surplus, Production Possibility Curve and Opportunity Cost. 3. Forms of Market and Price Determination: Forms of Market Meaning and features Price determination under Perfect Competition, and Imperfect Competition Monopoly, Duopoly, Monopolistic Competition, Oligopoly. 4. National Income and Related Aggregates: Macro Economics : Meaning, Circular flow of income, Concepts of GDP, GNP, NDP, NNP (at Market price and factor cost), National Disposable and Personal Disposable income Measurement of National income. 5. Determination of income and Employment: Aggregate demand, Aggregate Supply and their Components. Propensity to consume and propensity to save. Involuntary Unemployment and full Employment. Determination of income and employment. Concept of Investment Multiplier and it s working. Inflation: Meaning, Causes and remedies. 6. Money and Banking: Money Meaning, evolution and functions Classification of money M 1, M 2, M 3 & M 4. Central Bank meaning and functions methods of 3
credit control. Commercial Banks Meaning and functions. Recent Significant reforms and issues in Indian Banking system. 7. Indian Public Finance; Salient Features of Indian Tax System Direct and Indirect Taxes. Sources of Public revenue, GST, VAT Tax and Expenditure Reforms. Government budget Meaning and its components. Objectives of Government budget. Classification of receipts; Classification of expenditure. Types of budget meaning and implications; Measures to control different deficits. Downsizing the role of Government. 8. International Economics: Theories if International trade, the basis of International Trade Classical theories of Trade Adam Smith, Ricardo; Neo Classical Theories Herberler s opportunity Cost approaches; modern Theories of Trade Hecksher and Ohlin Model; Factor Price Equalization Theorem; Rybezynski Theorem; Leontief s Paradox. Balance of Payments Meaning and Components Foreign Exchange rate Meaning (Fixed and Flexible), Merits and demerits. IMF the World Bank & its associates. WTO. 9. Concepts of Shares, debentures, SEBI, NSEW, BSE and various indices. 10. A.P.Economy: State income: Sectoral Contribution, Population, Programmes initiated by the State Government towards Rural Development Programmes, Special Economic Zones, APIIC in the process of industrial development of Andhra Pradesh. 11. Introduction and Collection, Organization of data: Meaning, Scope and importance of Statistics in Economics. Collection and Organization of data. Census of India and national Sample Survey Organization. Statistical Tools and Interpretation: Measures of Central Tendency, Measures of Dispersion, Measures of Correlation Karl Pearson s Method, Spearman s rank correlation. 12. Economic Growth and Development Concepts Factors affecting economic growth A brief introduction of the State of Indian Economy on the eve of independence. Common goals of Five Year plans, Major Controversies on Planning in India. Main Features, Problems and Policies of Agriculture, industry and Foreign Trade. 13. Economic activities from 1950 to 1990, Economic Reforms since 1991: Need and Main features, liberalization, Globalization and Privatization; an appraisal of LPG Policies. 14. Current Challenges facing Indian Economy: Poverty and Unemployment Meaning and Types programmes for alleviation of poverty and Unemployment Rural development; Key issues Credit and Marketing Role of Cooperatives; Agricultural Diversification; Alternative Farming Organic Farming, Human Capital Formation. Growth of Education Sector in India. Employment: Opportunities and other related issues. Infrastructural Problems and Policies. Sustainable Economic Development: Meaning; Effects of Economic Development on Resources and Environment. 15. Sectors of Indian Economy, consumer rights, Infrastructure, Rural Development. 4
Teaching Methodology (Marks: 20) 1. Social Studies Meaning, Nature and Scope: Defining Social Studies, Main features of Social Studies, Social Studies and Social Sciences differentiated, Scope of Social Studies Types of Subject material and learning experiences included in the study of Social Studies, Need and importance of Social Studies. 2. Values, Aims and Objectives of Teaching Social Studies: Values of teaching Social Studies, Aims of teaching Social Studies at Secondary Level, Instructional Objectives of teaching Social Studies, Relationship of instructional objectives with general aims and objectives of Social Studies, Taxonomy of Educational and instructional objectives, Writing objectives in behavioural terms. 3. Social Studies Curriculum: Social Studies as a Core subject, Principles of Curriculum Construction in Social Studies, Organization of subject matter different approaches correlated, integrated, topical, concentric, unit and chronological. 4. Instructional Strategies in Social Studies: Techniques, devices and maxims, Different methods of teaching Social Studies - Story telling, lecture, source, discussion, project, problem, inductive, deductive, observation, assignment socialized recitation, Team teaching, Supervised study. 5. Planning for Instruction: Developing teaching skills through Micro-teaching, Year Planning, Unit Planning, Lesson Planning. 6. Instructional Material and Resources: Text books, work books, Supplementary material syllabus, curriculum guides, hand books, Audio visual, Social Studies laboratory, library, clubs and museum, Utilizing community resources. 7. Social Studies Teacher: Qualities of a good Social Studies teacher, Roles and responsibilities. 8. Evaluation in Social Studies: Concept and purpose, Types of Evaluation, Evaluation as a continuous and comprehensive process, Different techniques of Evaluation, Preparation for Scholastic Achievement test. 5