A Correlation of Prentice Hall Writing Coach To the English Language Arts Grades 9-10
INTRODUCTION This document demonstrates how meets the Common Core Standards for Language Arts (2010). Correlation page references are Teacher s Edition and are cited by activity and page number. Lessons in the Teacher s Edition contain facsimile Student Edition pages. is a digitally driven grammar and writing program that improves students skills in Grades 6 12. It s Personalized gives students personalized, detailed feedback on the strengths and weaknesses of their writing. It is the only program that uses a paragraph scorer as well as an essay scorer so struggling students that aren t ready to write larger pieces can receive the same productive feedback as the rest of the class. It s Flexible has several components that work together as a comprehensive writing program or a seamless complement to any literature anthologies, novels, or other language arts program teachers might be using. It s Manageable The best way for students to become better writers is to spend more time writing. The problem is, the more time they spend writing, the more time teachers need to spend grading and assessing. performs this time-consuming task by grading students writing examples and providing personalized feedback. This lets teachers spend more time teaching and a lot less time grading. It s Engaging provides targeted writing feedback in an online format. Plus, students will receive extensive experience communicating in today s digital world with skills instruction in writing e-mails and blogs, evaluating material on the Internet, and developing multimedia presentations. It s Comprehensive is more than just a writing program. It s a complete language arts program that provides personalized grammar instruction as well. Prentice Hall Writing Coach uses students writing examples to diagnose strengths and weaknesses in their grammar and supports them with grammar instruction and remediation. This document demonstrates the high degree of success students will achieve by using. 2
Table of Contents English Language Arts Standards» Reading: Literature» Introduction... 4 English Language Arts Standards» Reading: Informational Text» Introduction.. 5 English Language Arts Standards» Writing» Introduction... 7 English Language Arts Standards» Speaking & Listening» Introduction... 11 English Language Arts Standards» Language» Introduction... 12 3
English Language Arts Standards» Reading: Literature» Introduction The following standards offer a focus for instruction each year and help ensure that students gain adequate exposure to a range of texts and tasks. Rigor is also infused through the requirement that students read increasingly complex texts through the grades. Students advancing through the grades are expected to meet each year s grade-specific standards and retain or further develop skills and understandings mastered in preceding grades. The CCR anchor standards and high school grade-specific standards work in tandem to define college and career readiness expectations the former providing broad standards, the latter providing additional specificity. English Language Arts Standards» Reading: Literature» Grade 9-10 Key Ideas and Details 1. Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. 2. Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text. 3. Analyze how complex characters (e.g., those with multiple or conflicting motivations) develop over the course of a text, interact with other characters, and advance the plot or develop the theme. Craft and Structure 4. Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g., how the language evokes a sense of time and place; how it sets a formal or informal tone). 5. Analyze how an author s choices concerning how to structure a text, order events within it (e.g., parallel plots), and manipulate time (e.g., pacing, flashbacks) create such effects as mystery, tension, or surprise. 6. Analyze a particular point of view or cultural experience reflected in a work of literature from outside the United States, drawing on a wide reading of world literature. SE/TE: Response to Literature, 196 197, 198 199, 202 203, 204 216; also see: Fiction and Poetry: Learn From Experience, 94 97, 122 123; Use a Reader s / Writer s Eyes, 98 99, 124 125 SE/TE: Main idea/thesis (going beyond summary), 198, 209, 212; Letter to an Author (Response to Literature Essay), 204 207, 208, 210 211 SE/TE: Characters: analysis of, 198, 204; also see: Characterization, 66; Characters in writing: nonfiction narratives, 9, fiction narratives, 11, autobiographical narratives, 68 69, 71, 143, mystery stories, 92, 99, 102 105, 117, results of actions of, 108, radio play scripts, 114 115, staged dialogue between, 217 SE/TE: For related material see: Word choice (models), 122, 123, 132, 133; Focus on Craft: Figurative Language, 135, Word Choice, 213 SE/TE: Plot map, 34, 74, 89; Response to a plot, 198; also see: Plot enhanced, 66, 75, 77, 92, 104 105, 108; Plot events, develop, 74, 76, 89 SE/TE: For related material see: The Trip to Beautiful, 68 69 4
Integration of Knowledge and Ideas 7. Analyze the representation of a subject or a key scene in two different artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment (e.g., Auden s Musée des Beaux Arts and Breughel s Landscape with the Fall of Icarus). SE/TE: For related material see: Stage a dialogue between literary characters, 217 8. (Not applicable to literature) (Not applicable to literature) 9. Analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work (e.g., how Shakespeare treats a theme or topic from Ovid or the Bible or how a later author draws on a play by Shakespeare). Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity 10. By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, in the grades 9 10 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range. SE/TE: For related material see: Horror in The Monkey s Paw, 200 201 SE/TE: For related material see: Mentor Texts, 68 69, 94 97, 122, 123, 148 149, 174 175, 200 201; Student Models, 70 71, 98 99, 124 125, 150 151, 176 177, 202 203, 226 229 English Language Arts Standards» Reading: Informational Text» Introduction The CCR anchor standards and high school grade-specific standards work in tandem to define college and career readiness expectations the former providing broad standards, the latter providing additional specificity. English Language Arts Standards» Reading: Informational Text» Grade 9-10 Key Ideas and Details 1. Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. 2. Determine a central idea of a text and analyze its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text. 3. Analyze how the author unfolds an analysis or series of ideas or events, including the order in which the points are made, how they are introduced and developed, and the connections that are drawn between them. Craft and Structure 4. Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g., how the language of a court opinion differs from that of a newspaper). SE/TE: For related material see: Expository Texts: Mentor Texts, 68 69, 148 149, 174 175, 200 201; Student Models, 70 71, 150 151, 176 177, 202 203, 226 229 SE/TE: For related material see: Take notes, summarize, 234, 235; Paraphrase, summarize sources, 265; also see: Expository Texts: Mentor Texts, 68 69, 148 149, 174 175, 200 201; Student Models, 70 71, 150 151, 176 177, 202 203, 226 229 SE/TE: For related material see: Nonfiction Narration: Learn From Experience, 68 69; Use a Reader s / Writer s Eyes, 70 71 SE/TE: For related material see: Focus on Craft: Subtlety of Meaning, 161, Style, 187; also see: Word Bank, 67, 93, 121, 147, 173, 199, 225, 257; Academic Words, 88, 116, 142, 168, 194, 220, 254, 268 5
5. Analyze in detail how an author s ideas or claims are developed and refined by particular sentences, paragraphs, or larger portions of a text (e.g., a section or chapter). 6. Determine an author s point of view or purpose in a text and analyze how an author uses rhetoric to advance that point of view or purpose. Integration of Knowledge and Ideas 7. Analyze various accounts of a subject told in different mediums (e.g., a person s life story in both print and multimedia), determining which details are emphasized in each account. 8. Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning. 9. Analyze seminal U.S. documents of historical and literary significance (e.g., Washington s Farewell Address, the Gettysburg Address, Roosevelt s Four Freedoms speech, King s Letter from Birmingham Jail ), including how they address related themes and concepts. Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity 10. By the end of grade 10, read and comprehend literary nonfiction in the grades 9 10 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range. SE/TE: Persuasion: Objections and counterarguments, 174; Organizational structure, 175; Writer s Response (arguments), 177 SE/TE: Persuasion: Persuasive Language, 174; Writer s Response (arguments), 177; also see: Rhetorical devices / techniques, 15, 54 55, 77, 89, 105, 146, 149, 151, 157, 159, 169, 195, 209, 221, 255; Rhetorical language, R30 SE/TE: For related material see: Multimedia presentations (models), 86, 114, 140, 166, 192, 250, 266; Writing for Media, R6 R11 SE/TE: Persuasion: Objections and counterarguments, 174; Organizational structure, 175; Writer s Response (arguments), 177 SE/TE: For related material see: The Building of the Great Brooklyn Bridge, 226 229 (model analysis of informational writing with focus on important moment in United States history) SE/TE: For related material see: Expository Texts: Mentor Texts, 68 69, 148 149, 174 175, 200 201; Student Models, 70 71, 150 151, 176 177, 202 203, 226 229 6
English Language Arts Standards» Writing» Introduction The following standards for grades 6 12 offer a focus for instruction each year to help ensure that students gain adequate mastery of a range of skills and applications. Each year in their writing, students should demonstrate increasing sophistication in all aspects of language use, from vocabulary and syntax development and organization of ideas, and they should address increasingly demanding content and sources. Students advancing through the grades are expected to meet each year s grade-specific standards and retain or further develop skills and understandings mastered in preceding grades. The expected growth in student writing ability is reflected both in the standards themselves and in the collection of annotated student writing samples in Appendix C. English Language Arts Standards» Writing» Grade 9-10 Text Types and Purposes 1. Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. a. Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence. b. Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience s knowledge level and concerns. c. Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims. d. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing. e. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented. SE/TE: Persuasive Writing: Prewriting, 178 179; Plan Your Piece, 180; Gather Details, 181; Organization, 182; Revising, 184 185, Look at the Big Picture, 186 SE/TE: Persuasive Writing: Plan Your Piece (Counter-arguments), 180; Gather Details, 181; Drafting, 182 183; Revising, 184 185, Look at the Big Picture, 186 SE/TE: Drafting, 182 183; Revising, 184 185, Look at the Big Picture, 186 SE/TE: Drafting, 182 183; Revising, 184 185, Look at the Big Picture, 186 SE/TE: Persuasion: Conclusion, 182, 183, 186 2. Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content. a. Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension. SE/TE: Exposition (Compare-and-Contrast): Prewriting: Narrow Your Topic, 153; Plan Your Essay, 154; Gather Details, 155; Drafting 156 157 7
b. Develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant, and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate audience s knowledge of the topic. c. Use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts. d. Use precise language and domainspecific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic. e. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing. f. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented (e.g., articulating implications or the significance of the topic). SE/TE: Exposition (Compare-and-Contrast): Drafting 156 157; Revising, 158 159; Look at the Big Picture, 160 161 SE/TE: Exposition (Compare-and-Contrast): Questions for Purpose and Audience, 153; Plan Your Essay, 154; Organization, 156, 157 SE/TE: Exposition (Compare-and-Contrast): Drafting 156 157; Revising, 158 159; Look at the Big Picture, 160 161 SE/TE: Focus on Craft: Style, 109, 187, Subtlety of Meaning, 161, Word Choice, 213 SE/TE: Exposition (Compare-and-Contrast): Drafting: Conclusion, 156, 157; Look at the Big Picture: Conclusion, 160 3. Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences. a. Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view, and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events. b. Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters. c. Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole. d. Use precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters. e. Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative. SE/TE: Nonfiction Narration: Drafting, 76 77; Fiction Narration: Drafting, 104 105 SE/TE: Nonfiction Narration: Drafting, 76 77; Revising: Making It Better, 78 79; Look at the Big Picture, 80; Fiction Narration: Drafting, 104 105; Revising: Making It Better, 106 107; Look at the Big Picture, 108 SE/TE: Nonfiction Narration: Drafting, 76 77; Fiction Narration: Drafting, 104 105; Revising: Making It Better, 106 107; Look at the Big Picture, 108 SE/TE: Revising, 78 81, 106 109 SE/TE: Drafting: End / Conclusion, 76, 77, 104, 105; Look at the Big Picture, 80, 108 8
Production and Distribution of Writing 4. Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1 3 above.) 5. Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. 6. Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology s capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically. Research to Build and Present Knowledge 7. Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a self-generated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. 8. Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information in text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation. SE/TE: Types of Writing, 8 25; The Writing Process, 26 47; Nonfiction Narrative, 64 89; Fiction Narration, 90 117; Poetry and Description, 118 143; Exposition: Compareand-Contrast Essay, 144 169; Persuasion, 170 195; Response to Literature, 196 221; Research Writing, 222 255; Workplace Writing, 256 269 SE/TE: Partner Talk, 7, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 37, 41, 47, 52, 55 56, 58 59, 70, 82, 87, 98, 110, 115, 124, 136, 141, 150, 162, 167, 176, 188, 193, 202, 214, 219, 235, 237, 241, 246, 251, 253, 259, 261, 263, 267; Revising drafts, 30, 36 41, 78 81, 87, 106 109, 115, 141, 158 161, 167, 193, 210 213, 219, 242 245, 252, 259, 261, 263, 267, 132135, 274, 276, 278, 279, 280, 281, 282, 283, 285, 286, 287, 288, 290, 291, 292; Editing, 30, 42 45, 42, 82 83, 87, 110 111, 115, 136 137, 141, 162 163, 167, 188 189, 193, 214 215, 219, 246 247, 253, 259, 261, 263, 267 SE/TE: Multimedia presentations, 86 87, 113, 139, 141, 165, 191, 248, 249, 264, 266; also see: Publishing / presenting and reflecting, 30, 46 47, 84, 85, 87, 112, 115, 138, 141, 164, 167, 190, 193, 216, 219, 248, 253, 259, 261, 263, 267 SE/TE: Research Writing, 222 223, 226 229, 230 237, 238 241, 242 245, 246 247, 248, 249, 250 253, 254 255 SE/TE: Research Writing: Evaluate Your Sources, 232; Collect and Organize Your Data, 234; Careful Note-taking matters, 235; Provide and Document Evidence, 240; also see: MLA (Modern Language Association), 228, 234, 236 237, 246, 275, R16; Model of Works Cited, 229 9
9. Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. a. Apply grades 9 10 Reading standards to literature (e.g., Analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work [e.g., how Shakespeare treats a theme or topic from Ovid or the Bible or how a later author draws on a play by Shakespeare] ). b. Apply grades 9 10 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning ). Range of Writing 10. Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences. SE/TE: Response to Literature, 196 197, 198 199, 202 203, 204 216; also see: Fiction and Poetry: Learn From Experience, 94 97, 122 123; Use a Reader s / Writer s Eyes, 98 99, 124 125 SE/TE: For related material see: Expository Texts: Mentor Texts, 68 69, 148 149, 174 175, 200 201; Student Models, 70 71, 150 151, 176 177, 202 203, 226 229 SE/TE: Types of Writing, 8 25; The Writing Process, 26 47; Nonfiction Narrative, 64 89; Fiction Narration, 90 117; Poetry and Description, 118 143; Exposition: Compareand-Contrast Essay, 144 169; Persuasion, 170 195; Response to Literature, 196 221; Research Writing, 222 255; Workplace Writing, 256 269 10
English Language Arts Standards» Speaking & Listening» Introduction The following standards for grades 6 12 offer a focus for instruction in each year to help ensure that students gain adequate mastery of a range of skills and applications. Students advancing through the grades are expected to meet each year s grade-specific standards and retain or further develop skills and understandings mastered in preceding grades. English Language Arts Standards» Speaking & Listening» Grade 9-10 Comprehension and Collaboration 1. Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grades 9 10 topics, texts, and issues, building on others ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively. a. Come to discussions prepared, having read and researched material under study; explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence from texts and other research on the topic or issue to stimulate a thoughtful, well-reasoned exchange of ideas. b. Work with peers to set rules for collegial discussions and decision-making (e.g., informal consensus, taking votes on key issues, presentation of alternate views), clear goals and deadlines, and individual roles as needed. c. Propel conversations by posing and responding to questions that relate the current discussion to broader themes or larger ideas; actively incorporate others in discussion; and clarify, verify, or challenge ideas and conclusions. d. Respond thoughtfully to diverse perspectives, summarize points of agreement and disagreement, and, when warranted, qualify or justify their own views and understanding and make new connections in light of the evidence and reasoning presented. 2. Integrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively, orally) evaluating the credibility and accuracy of each source. 3. Evaluate a speaker s point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric, identifying any fallacious reasoning or exaggerated or distorted evidence. SE/TE: Participating in a Group Discussion, R29; Connect Big Questions, 65, 84, 91, 112, 119, 138, 145, 164, 171, 190, 197, 216, 223, 248 SE/TE: Listening and speaking activities, 85, 113, 139, 165, 167, 191, 217, 249, 265; Participating in a Group Discussion, R29; also see: Partner Talk, 7, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 37, 41, 47, 52, 55 56, 58 59, 70, 82, 87, 98, 110, 115, 124, 136, 141, 150, 162, 167, 176, 188, 193, 202, 214, 219, 235, 237, 241, 246, 251, 253, 259, 261, 263, 267 SE/TE: Participating in a Group Discussion, R29; Connect Big Questions, 65, 84, 91, 112, 119, 138, 145, 164, 171, 190, 197, 216, 223, 248 SE/TE: Listening, R28; Participating in a Group Discussion, R29; also see: Partner Talk, 7, 13, 15, 17, 19, 20, 21, 23, 25, 37, 41, 47, 52, 55 56, 58 59, 70, 82, 87, 98, 110, 115, 124, 136, 141, 150, 162, 167, 176, 188, 193, 202, 214, 219, 235, 237, 241, 246, 251, 253, 259, 261, 263, 267 SE/TE: Types of sources, 233; Collect and Organize Your Data, 234; Provide and Document Evidence, 240; Use Graphics and Illustrations, 241; Develop an Infomercial, 249; Multimedia Project, 266 267 SE/TE: Listening and speaking activities: multimedia advertisements, 139, advice columns, 167, infomercial scripts, 249 11
Presentation of Knowledge and Ideas 4. Present information, findings, and supporting evidence clearly, concisely, and logically such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, substance, and style are appropriate to purpose, audience, and task. 5. Make strategic use of digital media (e.g., textual, graphical, audio, visual, and interactive elements) in presentations to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence and to add interest. 6. Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate. SE/TE: Listening and speaking activities, 85, 113, 139, 165, 167, 191, 217, 249, 265; Preparing and Presenting a Speech, R31 SE/TE: Creating Multimedia Projects, 25; Writing for Media Assignments, 140 141, 166 167, 192 193, 218 219, 250 253, 266 267, R6 R11 SE/TE: Listening and speaking activities, 85, 113, 139, 165, 167, 191, 217, 249, 265; Preparing and Presenting a Speech, R31 English Language Arts Standards» Language» Introduction The following standards for grades 6 12 offer a focus for instruction each year to help ensure that students gain adequate mastery of a range of skills and applications. Students advancing through the grades are expected to meet each year s grade-specific standards and retain or further develop skills and understandings mastered in preceding grades. Beginning in grade 3, skills and understandings that are particularly likely to require continued attention in higher grades as they are applied to increasingly sophisticated writing and speaking are marked with an asterisk (*). English Language Arts Standards» Language» Grade 9-10 Conventions of Standard English 1. Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a. Use parallel structure.* SE/TE: Parallelism, 282, 415 417, 420, 422 b. Use various types of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, participial, prepositional, absolute) and clauses (independent, dependent; noun, relative, adverbial) to convey specific meanings and add variety and interest to writing or presentations. SE/TE: Phrases, 356 374; Clauses, 375 391; The Four Structures of Sentences, 392 396 2. Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. a. Use a semicolon (and perhaps a conjunctive adverb) to link two or more closely related independent clauses. b. Use a colon to introduce a list or quotation. SE/TE: Semicolons, to join independent clauses, 392, 400, 589 591; also see: Adverbs, conjunctive, 328, 329 330, 331, 577, 589 590 SE/TE: Colons: list of items, 592, quotations with, 592, 596, 597 c. Spell correctly. SE/TE: Spelling, 42, 82 83, 110 111, 115, 136 137, 141, 146, 162 163, 188 189, 214 215, 219, 246, 247, 253, 257, 273, 277; Spelling errors (word list), common, R17 12
Knowledge of Language 3. Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening. a. Write and edit work so that it conforms guidelines in a style manual (e.g., MLA Handbook, Turabian s Manual for Writers) appropriate for the discipline and writing type. Vocabulary Acquisition and Use SE/TE: Editing, 30, 42 45, 42, 82 83, 87, 110 111, 115, 136 137, 141, 162 163, 167, 188 189, 193, 214 215, 219, 246 247, 253, 259, 261, 263, 267 4. Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 9 10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies. a. Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; a word s position or function in a sentence) as a clue meaning of a word or phrase. b. Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech (e.g., analyze, analysis, analytical; advocate, advocacy). c. Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, or its etymology. d. Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary). SE/TE: For related material see: Word Bank, 67, 93, 121, 147, 173, 199, 225, 257; Academic Words, 88, 116, 142, 168, 194, 220, 254, 268 SE/TE: For related material see: Spelling Verbals, 137 SE/TE: Dictionary, use: to check definition, 67, 93, 121, 147, 173, 199, 225, 257, to clarify similar words, 135, 273, for correct spelling, 135, 137, 215, 277, for correct use of hyphens, 291; Thesaurus, use, 135, 161, 273 SE/TE: For related material see: Dictionary, use: to check definition, 67, 93, 121, 147, 173, 199, 225, 257 5. Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings. a. Interpret figures of speech (e.g., euphemism, oxymoron) in context and analyze their role in the text. b. Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations. 6. Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression. SE/TE: For related material see: Figurative language, 13, 55, 80, 89, 107, 109, 120, 122, 125, 129, 131, 134, 135, 137, 141, 187 SE/TE: For related material see: Dictionary, use: to clarify similar words, 135, 273 SE/TE: For related material see: Word Bank, 67, 93, 121, 147, 173, 199, 225, 257; Academic Words, 88, 116, 142, 168, 194, 220, 254, 268 13