A Survey of Postgraduate Students Perception of University Library Resources in Selected Nigerian Universities Lateef, E.B. Crawford University, Igbesa,ogun State, Nigeria. Omotoso, A.O Federal university of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. Owolabi, K.A. Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria Introduction University is essentially an academic community dedicated to the pursuit of higher learning and teaching.however, a university is populated mostly by students and staff. There are different categories of students in Nigerian universities environment which include the diploma, first degrees and higher degrees students respectively.the post graduate students belong to the higher degrees category that pursue post graduate diploma, masters, and doctoral degrees which entail more research works that require the services and resources of well equipped and functional libraries.the objectives of post graduate study in any university is for further development of graduate students the spirit of enquiring through training in research in an atmosphere of intellectual independence and individual creativity with a strong sense of group cooperation. Globally, many kinds of libraries have been developed to meet the needs of specific group of users; these include school, public, special and academic libraries. However, the perception of the library by the post graduate students will determine the use of its resources and services.oluwadare (2006) described perception as a state of mind. It is the total sum of what is formed in the mind and an idea about an object. Perception is a dynamic process which involves factors that eventually produce ones idea about something. Therefore, the paper examines the post graduate students perception of university libraries resources available in Nigerian universities. 102
Statement of The Problem Close observations revealed that university libraries in the country may not adequately satisfy their users which include the post graduate students information needs. Outdated and irrelevant materials are part of the problems militating against the responsiveness of university libraries to students information needs. Dusty and disorganized shelves are not uncommon in university libraries in Nigeria.Furthermore, university libraries personnel are not effectively rendering the library services that can lead to good responsiveness of university libraries to post graduate students information needs. Objectives of the Study To ascertain the level of satisfaction of Nigerian post graduate students with the services rendered by university libraries. To find out the relevance of university libraries resources to post graduate students information needs. To investigate post graduate students accessibility and availability of library resources To find out the perception of post graduate students about the present situation of university libraries in Nigeria. Literature Review The library is the heart of the intellectual system of the university. It is also established to support learning, teaching and research programmes in the universities. Over and above providing a conducive atmosphere for reading and consultation of relevant facts and data, the library also offer a variety of facilities and services to enable readers to make optimal use of the library resources. Aboyade(1979) cited by Tella,Owolabi and Attama (2008) summed up these services as follows: 103 Answering readers questions Instruction on the use of library materials Readers advisory services Inter library loan services Photocopying facility
Library publications and Exhibition and display The quality of a university may be measured by the services provided by the library because of its unique position in the overall university system. Aina(2004) pointed out the iconographic power of a university library which collects, organize, preserve and make knowledge accessible. Raseroka(2008) maintained that library contributes to the cores functions of teaching, learning, research and providing community service from the foundation on which the role of the university library is based. Oni-Orisan (1987) observed that no system of education is complete without well equipped library, with services operationalised either directly through contact with them (readers services) or indirectly through activities carried out behind the scene (technical services).tella, Owolabi and Attama( 2008 ) maintained that the main function of a university library is to function as auxiliary to the parent institution in carrying out their objectives. The library is an important intellectual resource center for post graduate students and it assist them in the area of self development and research (Budd1998). Perceptions held by university stakeholders of the role of the university library as a contributor to these core functions influence the environment within which the university library craft its own mission and role. Edoka (2000) highlighted the role of university libraries to post graduates students which include: Provision of information materials required for the academic programmes of the parent institutions. Provide research information resources in consonance with the needs of faculty and research students. Provide specialized information service to segments of a wider community. Nwalo(2000) described library resources as materials consulted for aid or for information on a topic, theme, an event, a date, a place or even the world. Fatoki (2004) opined that library resources are those materials made up of books, audio visual, software, realia, hardware, and pedagogical materials used in the teaching and learning processes.the entire information items in the library are acquired for the provision of general information as well as research service to the library users.fatoki (2004) opined that materials usually consulted for research work are journal articles, books, conference reports, newspapers, 104
government corporate reports and theses or past project works. Others include electronic journals, electronic books CD- ROM data bases and internet browsing Oni Orisan (1987) observed that no system of education is complete without well equipped libraries with services operationalised either directly in contact with students or indirectly through activities carried out behind the scene. The importance of knowing the information needs and the way users go about seeking for such information from libraries arise from the necessity of libraries to satisfy such needs and to equally provide effectively assistance to the clients as regards information retrieval(bello and Musa, 2003) Studied have been conducted on the use of academic library particularly among the post graduate students around the world. Some of these studies will be mentioned here. Whitmaire (2002) examined the relationship between library resources and services and post graduates educational outcomes through multiple regression analysis utilizing the data collected by the CSEQ(College Student Experience Questionnaire) and the NCES(National Center for Education Statistics).Two assumptions underlie her study: (1) Postgraduates attending institutions with large amount of academic library resources would participate in more in academic library activities and (2)postgraduates attending institutions with large amount of academic library resources and services would report greater gains in critical thinking. Ampka (2006) in the study of the use of University of Maiduguri discovered that majority of students do not use the library effectively. Empey and Murphy (2003) in their survey carried out at Geoffery Weller Library at University of Northern British Columbia discovered that graduate students perception of access to information service quality is below the library minimum expected level of service quality.(eason, 2000) Awojobi (2004) in her study of library use by post graduate students in Olabisi Onabanjo University Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria reported that low patronage of the university library which was blamed on paucity of current and relevant resources in the library. Ugah(2007) in a study on the use of Micheal Opara University, Umudike, Nigeria discovered that post graduate students used the library two to three time a week. 105
Methodology The study used descriptive survey and questionnaires were used for the collection of the data and the target population of the study were the post graduate students in the three selected Nigerian universities the South West, Nigeria. The three universities are University of Ibadan which is the oldest university in the country, and the second university is the Obafemi Awolowo University, which is one of the first generation universities in the country and the Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta which is one of the universities of agriculture in the country. Stratified random sampling was used in selecting the desired respondents from each selected university. Two faculties were randomly selected from the three universities.at Obafemi Awolowo University,Ile-Ife, the two faculty selected were Faculty of Agriculture and Faculty of Science, at University of Ibadan, the two faculties were faculty of Basic Medical Science and Social Science and at University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, the two faculties were College of Agriculture Management and Rural Development and College of Animal Science and Livestock Production. The data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social science (SPSS). Analysis of Data Table 3.1: Universities U.I Population of Respondents Faculty/College Department Selected Selected Basic Medical Biochemistry Sciences Physiology Anatomy Population of PG Students 58 14 10 Sample Size 38 10 07 Social Sciences Economics Psychology Political Science 255 268 69 153 143 43 OAU Science Microbiology Botany Zoology 16 10 8 10 07 06 Agriculture Agric-Economics Agric-Extension 7 4 05 04 106
Animal science 3 03 UNAAB COLAMRUD Agric-Economics and Farm Management Agric-Extension and Rural Development Food Science Technology 52 31 39 33 24 27 COLANIM Animal Production and Health Animal Breeding and Genetics Animal Nutrition 13 09 Total 871 534 8 6 07 05 Table 4.1 Distribution of Respondent according to Age, Sex and Marital Status UNIVERSITIES Age range OAU U.I UNAAB F % F % F % 20-30 years 11 61.1 94 65.3 24 63.2 31 40 years 5 27.8 37 25.7 12 31.6 41 50 years 1 5.6 2 1.4 - - 50 and above 1 5.6 11 7.7 2 5.3 Total 18 100 144 100 38 100 Sex Male 7 38.9 96 66.7 19 50.0 Female 7 38.9 41 28.5 17 44.7 No response 4 22.2 7 4.9 2 5.3 Total 18 100 144 100 38 100 Marital status Single 12 66.7 113 78.5 31 81.6 Married 6 33.3 31 21.6 7 18.4 Total 18 100 144 100 38 100 107
2: Distribution of Respondents and Type of Degree in View Type of PG Programme Universities OAU UI UNAAB RESP % RESP % RESP % Master 22 63 264 67.0 73 69 M.Phil 08 22 108 27.4 21 20 PhD 05 14 22 05.6 11 11 Total 35 100 394 100 105 100 Table 4.3 Availability of Library Resources in University Libraries Universities Library Resources OAU U.I UNAAB Available Not Available Available Not Available Available Not Available F % F % F % F % F % F % Books 35 100 - - 394 100-26.3 105 100 - - Journals 30 86 05 14 343 87 51 13 97 92 08 08 CDROM 31 88.6 04 11.4 378 96 04 04 90 86 15 14 Online 25 71 10 29 312 79 82 21 100 95 05 05 Database. 108
Table 4.5 Users Satisfaction about Library Services Universities Library Services OAU UI UNAAB Satisfied Not Satisfied Satisfied Not Satisfied Satisfied Not Satisfied F % F % F % F % F % F % Reference Service 29 83 06 17 110 28 284 72 62 59 43 41 Current Awareness Service 05 14. 30 86 024 06 370 94 06 06 99 94 SDI 06 17 29 83 024 6.1 370 93.9 05 05 100 95 Book Loan (lending) Service 25 71 10 29 299 76 95 24 85 81 20 19 Retros. Literature Search Internet Service 26 74 09 26 288 73 106 27 83 79 22 21 109
Table 4.7: Accessibility of Library Resources to Respondents Universities Library Resources OAU UI UNAAB Accessible Not Accessible Accessible Not Accessible Accessible Not Accessible F % F % F % F % F % F % Books 35 100 - - 394 100 - - 105 100 - - Periodicals ---- ------ 27.3 78 69 35 31 23 100 - - Journals 29 83 06 17 362 92 32 08 99 94 06 06 CDROM 6 17 29 83 107 27 287 73 28 27 77 73 Online Database 05 14 30 86 109 28 284 72 39 37 66 63 OPAC 18 51 17 49 202 51 192 49 77 73 28 27 Frequency of Library Visit by Postgraduate Students Frequency of Library Visit Universities OAU UI UNAAB F % F % F % Regularly 15 42.8 127 32 66 63 Once a while 17 48.6 159 40 22 21 Do not visit 03 8.6 32 08 17 16 110
Table 4.10 Respondents purpose for visiting the Library. S/N Purpose for visiting the library Universities O.A.U U.I UNAAB F % F % F % 1. To borrow books 05 14 32 08 05 05 2. To search for materials (literature) 06 17 121 31 22 21 3. For research 12 34 97 25 40 38 4. To read/study 03 09 65 16 24 23 5. To browse (access information) 04 11 50 13 07 07 6. To do assignment 03 09 23 06 04 04 7. No response 02 06 06 01 03 2 111
Table 4.11: Postgraduate Students Perception about Nigerian University Libraries PG Student s Perception The books in my library are upto-date and relevant I am familiar with the electronic resources available in my library UNIVERSITIES O.A.U U.I UNAAB A D U A D U A D U F % F % F % F % F % F % F % F % F % 07 20 20 57.1 8 22.9 104 26.4 214 54.3 76 19.3 50 47.6 33 31.4 22 21.0 14 40 12 34.3 9 25.7 217 55.1 112 28.4 65 16.5 57 54.3 39 37.1 9 8.6 The reference services provided by my library are satisfying. 10 28.6 21 60 4 11.4 124 31.5 242 61.4 28 7.1 62 59.0 32 30.5 11 10.5 My library provides enough information resources. My library environment is appealing and conducive I prefer print resources to on line resources 07 20 23 65.7 5 14.3 99 25.1 264 67 31 7.9 44 41.9 34 32.4 27 25.7 18 51.4 10 28.6 7 20 199 50.5 101 25.6 94 23.9 74 70.5 18 17.1 13 12.4 11 31.4 21 60 3 8.6 107 27.2 208 52.8 79 20.0 40 38.1 54 51.4 11 10.5 The staffs in my library are very efficient. I prefer internet resources to library resources. The library needs to improve on her quality of service 15 42.8 10 28.6 10 28.6 201 51.0 93 23.6 100 25.4 43 41.0 42 40.0 20 19.0 25 71.4 9 25.7 1 2.9 283 71.8 59 15.0 52 13.2 67 63.8 33 31.4 5 4.8 30 85.7 4 11.4 1 2.9 335 85.0 44 11.2 15 3.8 45 42.9 33 31.4 27 25.7 112
Discussion of the Findings All the three universities used for the study agreed that they have library resources such as books, journals, CD-ROMS and On-line database readily available and accessible. This supported the view of Fatoki (2004) that library needs to have relevant materials that will encourage users to have interest in visiting the library. In the same vein, Raseroka (2008) and Tella, Owolabi, and Attama (2007) that the main function of a university library is to provide and assist the parent institution in achieving the objectives by providing relevant materials to the users. Another finding revealed that majority of the students at Obafemi Awolowo University admitted that they visit the library once in a while which was represented by 17 (48.6%), from University of Ibadan 159(40%) agreed that they visit the library once in while however, the majority of the respondents at University of Agriculture, claimed that they use the library regularly with 66(43%). It was also revealed that the respondents at Obafemi Awolowo University were satisfied with reference services being rendered in their university libraries with 29 (83%).However, University of Ibadan and University of Agriculture claimed that they were satisfied with the book loaning system of their respectively libraries which are represented by 299(76%) and 85(81%) respectively. In addition,obafemi Awolowo University and University of Ibadan admitted that books in their libraries are not up-to-date and relevant with 20(54.1%) and 214(54.3%) respectively while University of Agriculture agreed that the books in their library are up-to- date and relevant.however,all the respondents under the study maintained that there is need for service improvement from all the libraries. Recommendation 1. The university authorities should earn mark enough fund for the libraries in order to purchase up to date and relevant library materials. 2. There is need for adequate training for all category of library staff on service improvement. 3. Information and Communication technology should be made readily available in all the libraries. 4. There is need for libraries to create special units for research students. 113
Conclusion The study revealed that all the University libraries have books, journals, CD ROMS which are made available to the post graduate students aimed at enhancing effective teaching, learning and research. The knowledge of users education among the post graduate students is however not encouraging. This showed when the respondents claimed they do not visit the library regularly, on availability of current and relevant materials were identified as the major hindrances facing the use of libraries by post graduate students. References Aboyade,B.O. 1979.A student companion to the library.2 nd ed.ibadan:dawn Publication Aina, L.O. 2004. Library and information science text for Africa. Ibadan: Third world Information Services 27-28,41,42,47 Ampka,S.A. 2006. Students use of University of Maiduguri libraries: An evaluative Study. Gateway Library Journal.2.2:70-80 Awojobi, E.A.2004. Determinants of library use by lecturers in the faculty of science and College of agricultural of sciences, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria. Nigerian libraries.38.1:36,39,45 Bello, A.A and Musa L.F. 2003. Information needs and Information seeking behavior of postgraduate students in a Nigerian university: the University of Abuja experience Nigeria Libraries.13.1:71-72,76 Budd,J.M (1998).The academic library: its context,its purposeand its operation.englewood,colorado:libraries Unlimited. Eason, k,richard S and Yu,L.2000. Patterns of use of electronic journals. Journal of Documentation. 56.5:477-504 Edoka, B.E. 2002. Introduction to library science Onitsha: Palma.14,119,133 Empey, H and Murphy J.A.2003. Analysis of the results of participation in the lib Quality survey. University of northern British Columbia:12 Fatoki, O.C. 2004. Impart of library resources and the internet on undergraduate student research: University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Nigerian Libraries. 38.1:204 Nwalo,K.I.N.(2000).LSE 101:Society,Development and Libraries,University of Ibadan.29. 114
Oluwadare,I.B.(2006).Accessibility and use of library resources by part-time students:a case study of the Federal Polytechnic,Ado Ekiti,Nigeria.Library Review 55(2),148-156. Oni-Orisan,B.A 1987.The library as an organ of academic discipline.nigerbiblios 12(3):18 Raseroka, K. 2008. The role of University Libraries. Association of African University Libraries: 1,3,7,13 Tella,A,Owolabi,K.A and Attama,R.O 2008.Students use of the library:the case of Akanu Ibiam Federal Polytecnic, Unwana, Nigeria. Pacific Northwest Library Association Journal73(3)8-10 Ugah, A.D. 2007. Evaluating the use of University Libraries in Nigeria: A case study of Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike. Library Philosophy and Practice:2 Whitemaire,E. 2002.Academic library performance measures and undergraduates library use and educational outcomes. Library and Information science Research 24:107-128. Follow us on: IRJLIS, Facebook, Twitter 115