Comprehensive Guide to Neurosurgical Conditions

Comprehensive Guide to Neurosurgical Conditions

Abhishek Agrawal Gavin Britz Editors Comprehensive Guide to Neurosurgical Conditions

Editors Abhishek Agrawal, M.D Department of Neurosurgery and Radiology Brigham and Women s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston, MA USA Gavin Britz Department of Neurosurgery Methodist Neurological Institute Houston, TX USA ISBN 978-3-319-06565-6 ISBN 978-3-319-06566-3 (ebook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-06566-3 Springer Cham Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014958080 Springer International Publishing Switzerland 2015 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center. Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com)

Preface Patients with neurosurgical conditions are almost always referred from either primary care physicians, neurologists, internist, or a specialist in family medicine. This two-volume guide will answer commonly asked questions about neurosurgical conditions related to brain and spinal cord, in an attempt to fill in the gap and answer numerous questions that arise after a diagnosis is made, explaining the basics of neurosurgical disease spectrum and their management options. Comprehensive Guide to Neurosurgical Conditions ( Volume I ) updates the reader on basic neuroanatomy and physiology, including general neurosurgical conditions, ideal neurosurgical and intensive care unit set up, second opinion, brain death, and organ donation in a comprehensive and concise manner. Comprehensive Guide which is part of a book set including Emergency Approaches to Neurosurgical Conditions ( Volume II ) delves into different kinds of complex brain surgeries and focuses on the surgical aspect of neurosurgical conditions, including management of tumors, aneurysms, and pediatric conditions in chapters written by reputed neurosurgeons in their allied subspecialty. This two-volume book set also aims to replace excessinformation obtained on the internet about a particular neurosurgical disease, which may be too overwhelming, not complied properly, not updated, or may be misinterpreted, misunderstood, or irrelevant for that particular disease. This concise book is intended not only for neurologists or neurosurgeons who have direct patient interaction but also for brain surgery patients and their families, medical students, v

vi Preface paramedics, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, health planners, residents, and fellows who are already trained or in training, to get a quick glimpse of neurosurgical conditions encountered on a day-to-day basis. Boston, MA, USA Houston, TX, USA Abhishek Agrawal Gavin Britz

Acknowledgments The key to success of any project depends upon the inputs and guidance received from persons associated with the project. Fortunately for us, there was encouragement, guidance, and support from all quarters of life. Great are those who teach and inspire. They deserve gratitude which can be expressed at a time like this. Our inestimable gratitude goes to our colleagues and authors who spend their precious time contributing chapters for this book. We are also thankful to our assistant, Peggy Kelly, who managed to keep track of the chapters and authors. In addition, we would like to express our gratitude to Melissa Morton, Julia Megginson, and R. Nithyatharani from Springer Publishers for their collegiality. Behind all this is the unconditional support, motivation, and encouragement from our family members, parents, and children who have always been a source of strength and inspiration. Abhishek Agrawal Gavin Britz vii

Contents 1 Basic Neuro Anatomy........................ 1 Rob Parrish 2 Basic Neurology............................. 7 John J. Volpi 3 The Neurosurgery Healthcare Team............ 13 Wenya Linda Bi and E. Antonio Chiocca 4 Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit............. 19 Jessica McElheny, Sankalp Gokhale, and David L. McDonagh 5 Common Neuroradiological Procedures........ 33 Leo Galvin, Katherine E. Wood, and David S. Enterline 6 The Pre-operative and Peri- operative Period.... 51 Kristin Lewis and Kai Frerichs 7 Basic Neurosurgical Procedures............... 59 Rahul Kapoor, Caitlin Hoffman, Ibrahim Hussain, and Philip Stieg 8 Neurosurgical Emergencies................... 73 Neal Mehan and Raj K. Narayan 9 Symptoms and Signs in Brain Disease.......... 83 David B. Rosenfield 10 Sports Related Concussion Injuries............ 91 Kenneth Podell ix

x Contents 11 Radiotherapy for Brain and Spine Disease...... 103 John P. Kirkpatrick and Fang-Fang Yin 12 Peripheral Nerve Problems: An Overview for Patients and Their Family Members......... 129 Harjus S. Birk, Tene Cage, and Michel Kliot 13 Rehabilitation of Neurosurgical Conditions..... 145 Teresa Kaldis and Purvi Desai 14 Brain Death................................ 157 Shahid M. Nimjee 15 Organ Donation and the Neurosurgical Patient.. 163 John C. Lohlun and Zakiyah Kadry 16 Second Opinions from the Perspective of the Patient and the Physician............... 171 Robert G. Grossman 17 Nursing Perspectives......................... 175 Kathryn Kerrigan Index.......................................... 179

Contributors Wenya Linda Bi, MD, PhD Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Harjus S. Birk School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA Tene Cage Department of Neurosurgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA E. Antonio Chiocca, MD, PhD Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Purvi Desai, MD Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA David S. Enterline, MD, FACR Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Kai Frerichs, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Leo Galvin, MD, MRCPI, FFRRCSI Department of Radiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA Sankalp Gokhale Departments of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Robert G. Grossman, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA Caitlin Hoffman, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA xi

xii Contributors Ibrahim Hussain, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Zakiyah Kadry Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA Teresa Kaldis, MD Methodist Rehabilitation Associates, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA Rahul Kapoor, BS Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA Kathryn Kerrigan, MSN, FNP-BC Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA John P. Kirkpatrick, MD, PhD Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Michel Kliot, MD Department of Neurosurgery, University of Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA Kristin Lewis, NP Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA John C. Lohlun Division of Transplantation, Department of Surgery, Penn State Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA David L. McDonagh Departments of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Departments of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Jessica McElheny Departments of Neurology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA

Contributors xiii Neal Mehan, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA Raj K. Narayan, MD Department of Neurosurgery, Hofstra North Shore LIJ School of Medicine, Manhasset, NY, USA Shahid M. Nimjee, MD, PhD Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Rob Parrish, MD, PhD Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA Kenneth Podell, PhD Houston Methodist Concussion Center, Houston, TX, USA David B. Rosenfield, MD EMG and Motor Control Laboratory, Speech and Language Center, Neurological Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, Houston, TX, USA Philip Stieg, PhD, MD Department of Neurological Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA John J. Volpi, MD Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, TX, USA Katherine E. Wood, BS Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA Fang-Fang Yin, PhD Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA