LUNG AND MEDIASTINUM CYTOHISTOLOGY

LUNG AND MEDIASTINUM CYTOHISTOLOGY

CYTOHISTOLOGY OF SMALL TISSUE SAMPLES Published in association with the Papanicolaou Society of Cytopathology Series Editors: Kim R. Geisinger MD Department of Pathology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA Martha B. Pitman MD Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA Other titles in this series Cytohistology: Essential and Basic Concepts Edited by Prabodh Gupta and Zubair Baloch (ISBN 9780521883580) Musculoskeletal Cytohistology Lester J. Layfield, Carlos W. Bedrossian, Julia R. Crim, and Lucio Palombini (ISBN 9781107014053) Cytohistology of the Serosal Surfaces Edited by Claire W. Michael, David C. Chhieng, and Carlos W. Bedrossian (ISBN 9780521493413)

LUNG AND MEDIASTINUM CYTOHISTOLOGY edited by Syed Z. Ali Professor of Pathology and Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Director, Division of Cytopathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, USA Grace C. H. Yang Professor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA

CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS Cambridge, New York, Melbourne, Madrid, Cape Town, Singapore, São Paulo, Delhi, Mexico City Cambridge University Press The Edinburgh Building, Cambridge CB2 8RU, UK Published in the United States of America by Cambridge University Press, New York Information on this title: /9780521516587 Cambridge University Press 2012 This publication is in copyright. Subject to statutory exception and to the provisions of relevant collective licensing agreements, no reproduction of any part may take place without the written permission of Cambridge University Press. First published 2012 Printed in the United Kingdom at the University Press, Cambridge A catalog record for this publication is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication data Lung and mediastinum cytohistology / edited by Syed Z. Ali, Grace C. H. Yang. p. ; cm. (Cytohistology of small tissue samples) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-521-51658-7 (hardback) I. Ali, Syed Z. II. Yang, Grace Chia yu Hsu. III. Series: Cytohistology of small tissue samples. [DNLM: 1. Lung Neoplasms pathology. 2. Mediastinal Neoplasms pathology. 3. Cytodiagnosis methods. 4. Cytological Techniques methods. WF 658] 616.99 0 424 dc23 2011035582 ISBN 978-0-521-51658-7 Cambridge University Press has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this publication, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. All material contained within the CD-ROM is protected by copyright and other intellectual property laws. The customer acquires only the right to use the CD-ROM and does not acquire any other rights, express or implied, unless these are stated explicitly in a separate licence. Every effort has been made in preparing this book to provide accurate and up-to-date information which is in accord with accepted standards and practice at the time of publication. Although case histories are drawn from actual cases, every effort has been made to disguise the identities of the individuals involved. Nevertheless, the authors, editors and publishers can make no warranties that the information contained herein is totally free from error, not least because clinical standards are constantly changing through research and regulation. The authors, editors and publishers therefore disclaim all liability for direct or consequential damages resulting from the use of material contained in this book. Readers are strongly advised to pay careful attention to information provided by the manufacturer of any drugs or equipment that they plan to use.

CONTENTS List of contributors page vi 1. Introduction to lung cytopathology and small tissue biopsy 1 Paul E. Wakely, Jr. and Raheela Ashfaq 2. Normal anatomy, histology, and cytology 21 Andrea Subhawong 3. Infectious diseases 32 Joseph D. Jakowski and Celeste N. Powers 4. Other non-neoplastic lesions 63 Stefan E. Pambuccian 5. Benign lung tumors and tumor-like lesions 80 Grace C. H. Yang 6. Squamous, large cell, and sarcomatoid carcinomas 100 Yener S. Erozan and Grace C. H. Yang 7. Adenocarcinoma 122 Jun Zhang and Grace C. H. Yang 8. Neuroendocrine neoplasms 145 Momin T. Siddiqui 9. Uncommon primary neoplasms 168 Armanda D. Tatsas and Syed Z. Ali 10. Metastatic and secondary neoplasms 188 Christopher Owens 11. Anterior mediastinum 202 Oscar Lin and Andre L. Moreira 12. Middle and posterior mediastinum 227 Hong Q. Peng and Grace C. H. Yang 13. Role of ancillary studies 258 Srinivas R. Mandavilli and Richard W. Cartun Index 279 v

CONTRIBUTORS Syed Z. Ali, M.D. Professor of Pathology and Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Director, Division of Cytopathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, USA Raheela Ashfaq, M.D. UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, USA Richard W. Cartun, Ph.D. Director, Histology and Immunopathology, and Director, Biospecimen Collection Programs, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA Yener S. Erozan, M.D. Professor of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA Joseph D. Jakowski, M.D. Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health Systems, Richmond, Virginia, USA Oscar Lin, M.D, Ph.D. Associate Attending, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA Srinivas R. Mandavilli, M.D. Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA Andre L. Moreira, M.D., Ph.D. Associate Attending, Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA Christopher Owens, M.D. Director, Cytopathology Fellowship, University of Massachussetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA Stefan E. Pambuccian, M.D. Professor of Pathology, Director of Cytopathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA Hong Q. Peng, M.D. Department of Pathology, Frederick Memorial Hospital, Frederick, Baltimore, MD, USA Celeste N. Powers, M.D., Ph.D. Professor of Pathology and Otolaryngology and Chair of Anatomic Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University Health Systems, Richmond, VA, USA Momin T. Siddiqui, M.D. Associate Professor and Director of Cytopathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA Andrea Subhawong, M.D. Cytopathology Fellow, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA Armanda D. Tatsas, M.D. Assistant Professor of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD, USA Paul E. Wakely, Jr., M.D Professor of Pathology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA Grace C. H. Yang, M.D. Professor of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, USA Jun Zhang, M.D. Assistant Professor and Consultant, Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA vi