PHYS 212 Syllabus. Penn State University (University Park), Spring 2014 PHYS 212 (GN) GENERAL PHYSICS: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM (4)

Similar documents
MATH 205: Mathematics for K 8 Teachers: Number and Operations Western Kentucky University Spring 2017

General Physics I Class Syllabus

Phys4051: Methods of Experimental Physics I

Physics XL 6B Reg# # Units: 5. Office Hour: Tuesday 5 pm to 7:30 pm; Wednesday 5 pm to 6:15 pm

Beginning and Intermediate Algebra, by Elayn Martin-Gay, Second Custom Edition for Los Angeles Mission College. ISBN 13:

Course outline. Code: PHY202 Title: Electronics and Electromagnetism

IST 440, Section 004: Technology Integration and Problem-Solving Spring 2017 Mon, Wed, & Fri 12:20-1:10pm Room IST 202

Penn State University - University Park MATH 140 Instructor Syllabus, Calculus with Analytic Geometry I Fall 2010

Accounting 312: Fundamentals of Managerial Accounting Syllabus Spring Brown

Physics Experimental Physics II: Electricity and Magnetism Prof. Eno Spring 2017

MTH 141 Calculus 1 Syllabus Spring 2017

Spring 2015 Natural Science I: Quarks to Cosmos CORE-UA 209. SYLLABUS and COURSE INFORMATION.

Class Meeting Time and Place: Section 3: MTWF10:00-10:50 TILT 221

PHY2048 Syllabus - Physics with Calculus 1 Fall 2014

ACCT 100 Introduction to Accounting Course Syllabus Course # on T Th 12:30 1:45 Spring, 2016: Debra L. Schmidt-Johnson, CPA

Foothill College Summer 2016

MAT 122 Intermediate Algebra Syllabus Summer 2016

MinE 382 Mine Power Systems Fall Semester, 2014

STA2023 Introduction to Statistics (Hybrid) Spring 2013

Math 22. Fall 2016 TROUT

Spring 2015 CRN: Department: English CONTACT INFORMATION: REQUIRED TEXT:

Foothill College Fall 2014 Math My Way Math 230/235 MTWThF 10:00-11:50 (click on Math My Way tab) Math My Way Instructors:

MAR Environmental Problems & Solutions. Stony Brook University School of Marine & Atmospheric Sciences (SoMAS)

Financial Accounting Concepts and Research

AGN 331 Soil Science Lecture & Laboratory Face to Face Version, Spring, 2012 Syllabus

MATH 1A: Calculus I Sec 01 Winter 2017 Room E31 MTWThF 8:30-9:20AM

State University of New York at Buffalo INTRODUCTION TO STATISTICS PSC 408 Fall 2015 M,W,F 1-1:50 NSC 210


Syllabus ENGR 190 Introductory Calculus (QR)

INTRODUCTION TO HEALTH PROFESSIONS HHS CREDITS FALL 2012 SYLLABUS

Psychology 102- Understanding Human Behavior Fall 2011 MWF am 105 Chambliss

COURSE WEBSITE:

CHEMISTRY 104 FALL Lecture 1: TR 9:30-10:45 a.m. in Chem 1351 Lecture 2: TR 1:00-2:15 p.m. in Chem 1361

Biology 10 - Introduction to the Principles of Biology Spring 2017

MTH 215: Introduction to Linear Algebra

ASTRONOMY 2801A: Stars, Galaxies & Cosmology : Fall term

FINANCE 3320 Financial Management Syllabus May-Term 2016 *

Name: Giovanni Liberatore NYUHome Address: Office Hours: by appointment Villa Ulivi Office Extension: 312

Computer Architecture CSC

BIOS 104 Biology for Non-Science Majors Spring 2016 CRN Course Syllabus

University of Pittsburgh Department of Slavic Languages and Literatures. Russian 0015: Russian for Heritage Learners 2 MoWe 3:00PM - 4:15PM G13 CL

Required Texts: Intermediate Accounting by Spiceland, Sepe and Nelson, 8E Course notes are available on UNM Learn.

Course Syllabus It is the responsibility of each student to carefully review the course syllabus. The content is subject to revision with notice.

FINN FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT Spring 2014

Syllabus - ESET 369 Embedded Systems Software, Fall 2016

English Grammar and Usage (ENGL )

AGN 331 Soil Science. Lecture & Laboratory. Face to Face Version, Spring, Syllabus

Course Syllabus for Math

Math Techniques of Calculus I Penn State University Summer Session 2017

IPHY 3410 Section 1 - Introduction to Human Anatomy Lecture Syllabus (Spring, 2017)

ECON492 Senior Capstone Seminar: Cost-Benefit and Local Economic Policy Analysis Fall 2017 Instructor: Dr. Anita Alves Pena

Office Hours: Mon & Fri 10:00-12:00. Course Description

*In Ancient Greek: *In English: micro = small macro = large economia = management of the household or family

Biology 1 General Biology, Lecture Sections: 47231, and Fall 2017

SOUTHERN MAINE COMMUNITY COLLEGE South Portland, Maine 04106

Math 181, Calculus I

Please read this entire syllabus, keep it as reference and is subject to change by the instructor.

PHYS 2426: UNIVERSITY PHYSICS II COURSE SYLLABUS: SPRING 2013

Introduction to Forensic Anthropology ASM 275, Section 1737, Glendale Community College, Fall 2008

COURSE SYLLABUS for PTHA 2250 Current Concepts in Physical Therapy

PSYCHOLOGY 353: SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN SPRING 2006

HMS 241 Lab Introduction to Early Childhood Education Fall 2015

Physics 270: Experimental Physics

Office Hours: Day Time Location TR 12:00pm - 2:00pm Main Campus Carl DeSantis Building 5136

CS 3516: Computer Networks

CHEM:1070 Sections A, B, and C General Chemistry I (Fall 2017)

MATH 108 Intermediate Algebra (online) 4 Credits Fall 2008

Spring 2016 Stony Brook University Instructor: Dr. Paul Fodor

HUMAN ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY II

AST Introduction to Solar Systems Astronomy

The University of Texas at Tyler College of Business and Technology Department of Management and Marketing SPRING 2015

CALCULUS III MATH

Syllabus CHEM 2230L (Organic Chemistry I Laboratory) Fall Semester 2017, 1 semester hour (revised August 24, 2017)

CS Course Missive

Instructor Dr. Kimberly D. Schurmeier

Accounting 380K.6 Accounting and Control in Nonprofit Organizations (#02705) Spring 2013 Professors Michael H. Granof and Gretchen Charrier

IDS 240 Interdisciplinary Research Methods

Instructor: Matthew Wickes Kilgore Office: ES 310

INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY ANT 2410 FALL 2015

Class meetings: Time: Monday & Wednesday 7:00 PM to 8:20 PM Place: TCC NTAB 2222

POFI 1301 IN, Computer Applications I (Introductory Office 2010) STUDENT INFORMANTION PLAN Spring 2013

BUS Computer Concepts and Applications for Business Fall 2012

The Heart of Philosophy, Jacob Needleman, ISBN#: LTCC Bookstore:

International Humanitarian Assistance AEB 4282 Section 11FA 3 credits Spring Semester, 2013

Nutrition 10 Contemporary Nutrition WINTER 2016

CS 100: Principles of Computing

Neuroscience I. BIOS/PHIL/PSCH 484 MWF 1:00-1:50 Lecture Center F6. Fall credit hours

HCI 440: Introduction to User-Centered Design Winter Instructor Ugochi Acholonu, Ph.D. College of Computing & Digital Media, DePaul University

KOMAR UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY (KUST)

Dr. Zhang Fall 12 Public Speaking 1. Required Text: Hamilton, G. (2010). Public speaking for college and careers (9th Ed.). New York: McGraw- Hill.

GERM 3040 GERMAN GRAMMAR AND COMPOSITION SPRING 2017

Math 96: Intermediate Algebra in Context

PSCH 312: Social Psychology

BIODIVERSITY: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES, AND CONSERVATION

UNDERGRADUATE SEMINAR

Introduction to Personality Daily 11:00 11:50am

Class Mondays & Wednesdays 11:00 am - 12:15 pm Rowe 161. Office Mondays 9:30 am - 10:30 am, Friday 352-B (3 rd floor) or by appointment

EECS 700: Computer Modeling, Simulation, and Visualization Fall 2014

SYLLABUS. EC 322 Intermediate Macroeconomics Fall 2012

Syllabus for PRP 428 Public Relations Case Studies 3 Credit Hours Fall 2012

Transcription:

PHYS 212 Syllabus Penn State University (University Park), Spring 2014 Overview PHYS 212 (GN) GENERAL PHYSICS: ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM (4) Calculus-based introduction to classical electricity and magnetism, including such topics as, electric charge and electric fields, Gauss's law, electric potential, capacitance, current, resistance, and circuits, magnetic fields, and fields due to currents, induction and inductance, magnetism of matter, Maxwell's equations, and electromagnetic oscillations. Requirements This course is a 4.0 credit course. You must be registered for BOTH the lecture (212) and the laboratory (212R). You cannot earn a grade if you are not registered for both courses. Prerequisite: PHYS 211, MATH 140 Concurrent: MATH 141 Course Goals Electricity and magnetism is the foundation of most technologies in our modern world: computers, cellular phones, television, and anything that uses electricity. PHYS 212 is an exploration of the discovery of electric and magnetism fields, the nature of these fields, and the deep connections between them. By the end of this course, you will be able to: use Maxwell s Equations to describe the structure, sources and behavior of electric and magnetic fields (including EM waves), and to calculate the fields present in a given situation. determine the forces and torques on charge and current distributions in electric & magnetic fields. relate the concept of electric potential to electric fields and apply the concept of electric potential to electric circuits. employ the concepts of resistance, capacitance and inductance, and be able to derive their values for different geometries. describe the nature of electric current and have a qualitative picture of what happens within an electric circuit when a current is present. describe and calculate the behavior of simple DC and AC circuits consisting of resistors, capacitors and inductors. identify technology that use these concepts and describe how these concepts work within that technology and how these technologies have affected our world. The specific course content objectives are provided on Angel. These specific objectives will be of great help to you in preparing for exams since the objectives covered on each exam are explicitly stated and you can focus your preparations to master specific objectives.

Everything that is expected of you in this class will be covered in at least one of the reading, lecture, and laboratory. While you are responsible for everything in your reading, not everything covered in your reading will be discussed in class (lecture or laboratory). Lecture and laboratory will highlight the pivotal concepts and critical skills that you need to master the broader range of material covered in your reading. It is critical that you have completed your assigned reading before lecture and come to lecture prepared to think, work, and learn. Course Materials The text for this course is Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach by Knight, 3rd edition. This course will cover Chapters 25 35. (This book is the 2 nd Penn State custom edition.) The soft-cover PSU custom split with these sections, available at the bookstore, also contains access to the MasteringPhysics homework system we will be using in the course. The regular problem set and reading assignments will be administered through MasteringPhysics, a web-based homework program. Access to MasteringPhysics is obtained by either purchasing the PSU custom book in the bookstore (the MasteringPhysics code is included) or or making a payment online (http://pearsonmastering.com/). (The course ID is vanhook48867). In addition you are also required to have an i>clicker. These are available from the bookstore and elsewhere. Using your i>clicker in lecture is part of your grade. You can find out about obtaining and registering i>clickers on the ITS Clicker website. There is a link in the PHYS 212L Angel page to directly register your clicker. If you do not register your clicker, then you cannot earn a lecture participation grade (5% of the total course grade). Reading All learning in this class begins with reading of the text. You will be given reading assignments for each lecture, and will be given homework questions covering this reading BEFORE you have discussed it in class. You are expected to come to classes, not necessarily with a full understanding of the material read but, at a minimum, prepared to discuss the contents of the reading and to identify difficult concepts and techniques. Lectures Lectures meet twice each week, on Tuesdays and Thursdays in 313 Osmond, from 9:45 am to 11 am. Lectures are designed to highlight pivotal concepts and critical skills and to give you opportunities to engage with these concepts in an active and meaningful way. You will be actively engaged during these sessions. Thus it is very important to come to class ready to think, work and learn. We expect you to come to class having done the assigned pre-class readings. These sessions are not a place for you to hear about something for the first time. They are a place to work through interactive learning components on topics you have already thought about. i>clickers

We will use i>clickers in class for three different types of questions: (1) reading quizzes at the beginning of each class (graded for correctness), (2) in-class concept questions designed to challenge your thinking (graded for effort), and (3) review of material covered to make sure everyone understands what we just discussed (graded for effort). You can find out about obtaining and registering i>clickers on the ITS Clicker website (http://clc.its.psu.edu/classrooms/resources/clickers/started/students). When registering you must use your PSU Access ID (email address without the @psu.edu) to register your clicker in order to receive credit. If you register through the link in Angel (for PHYS 212L) it will automatically register you correctly. Clicker questions are generally multiple choice conceptual questions are designed to help identify common misconceptions and provide feedback during the class. They are designed to help you know when you understand the topic at hand, and your instructor to know when more discussion is needed and when to move on to the next topic. Each lecture you will earn points based on your answers to the beginning-of-class reading questions, the concept questions, and the review questions. The number of opportunities to earn points in this way is greater than the maximum number of points you can earn. For this reason, there will be no adjustments for forgetting to bring your clicker to lecture, and no extra-credit or make-up work for absences. If you fail to register your clicker in a timely manner, you will not get credit for lectures that occurred before you registered your clicker. If you get a new clicker during the semester, be sure to register it right away. To avoid accidentally swapping a clicker with another student, be sure to put your name or some other identifying feature on your clicker. Because clickers will be used in lecture you must attend your scheduled 212L section. Appropriate use of clickers by their owner during their class is an expectation of the course. Asking someone to use your clicker for you is asking that person to help you cheat. If someone asks you to use their clicker, that person is asking you to help them cheat. If you agree, you have helped them cheat. If you observe someone is cheating - e.g., you see someone using two clickers - you are obligated to report it. If you do not, you are helping them to cheat. Please refer to the Academic Integrity Policy of this syllabus for more details. Laboratories Laboratory sections meet once a week in room 313 Osmond, on Thursdays from 12:20 pm to 2:15 pm. You must attend the laboratory section in which you are scheduled no switching is permitted. The laboratories are designed to provide you with hands-on experience with the material being investigated in class. Laboratory instructors lead the laboratory sessions and act as your guides as you explore the material. You will work collaboratively in three-member lab groups to carry out the experiments. The experiments are described via the 'labs' link on the course website. Each three-member lab group has access to a Windows 7 workstation with both specialized physics software as well as standard word processing, data analysis, and

presentation software. The laboratory instructors are available to help students familiarize themselves with these programs. Help with MS Word and MS Excel can be found online at http://its.psu.edu/training/. During the lab session, your group will prepare a single write-up, addressing specific points of the experiments. This write-up must be submitted by your group before the end of the laboratory session and all group members must be present when the report is submitted in person to the laboratory instructor. Problem Sets (Online) Regular problem set assignments are to be completed on the online system, MasteringPhysics. Answers to the problems are available immediately after the due date. We will be using the online system MasteringPhysics (http://pearsonmastering.com) for regular problem sets [course ID: jin40017]. This system allows you to submit your work at any time of the day and night. Your grade on each assignment will be available immediately and, in most cases, you will have multiple tries to arrive at the correct answer. The entire process can be done from any computer with a connection to the Internet and a web browser. Pay careful attention to the supported browsers and required browser settings for the system. The night before each lecture, there will be due a short Reading Self-Check assignment with a few questions that you should be able to answer based on the reading. Doing the reading and checking your understanding with these questions will ensure you are prepared for lecture the next morning. In addition, there will be a problem set due on Monday evenings (the Monday evening Reading Self-Check assignment will be incorporated in this assignment). The due date and time for each assignment appears on MasteringPhysics. Because answers to the problems are available immediately after the due date, no late assignments can be accepted. All the assignments for a given week will be combined into a single Problem Set grade in Angel. Although the questions are asked and final answers to be provided online, it is crucial that you work through each problem completely with pencil and paper, as if you were going to hand in this work. This not only enables proper problem solving technique, it also eases collaboration. Students are encouraged to work together and collaborate on assignments. However, work submitted for individual assessment must be the work of the individual student. To be precise: discuss, don't copy. Please refer to the Academic Integrity Policy below. Report any problems related to submitting your homework through the contact us link or by contacting the course administrator. Report any problems related to the physics content of your homework to your instructor. Exams There will be two midterm exams and a cumulative final exam. Exams will be closed book. Relevant physical constants and formulae will be provided. Calculators, cellular phones, smart phones, any other communication devices, tablet computers, and

organizers, and additional paper are not allowed. Room is provided for scratch work in the exam booklet. The exams will be based on the assigned reading in the textbook, the material covered in lecture, the laboratories, and the homework assignments. Please see the Course Content Objectives and the exams folder in Angel for more information about the exams in this course. Conceptual Surveys There is a pair of conceptual surveys at the start and end of the semester, covering the main conceptual material of the course. Although the pre-survey will not be graded for correctness, you must complete it with best effort to receive credit (1%). There are two parts to the post-survey grade: 1% for completing with best effort and, only if also took the pre-test, up to 2% extra credit (how much extra credit will be based on the postsurvey score). These content surveys will be held in the Penn State Testing Center. We have multiple time blocks on the days these quizzes will be taken, but you must register for specific times during those days during which you will take the quizzes. The Testing Center website (http://testing.psu.edu/students/) has more information about procedures at the center. Grades Your grade in the course will be based on your lecture participation, performance in the laboratories, on the problem sets, on the post-survey, and on the exams with the following weights: Lecture Participation (i.e., "Clickers") 5% Laboratories 9% Homework 9% Midterm 1 23% Midterm 2 23% Final Exam 28% Pre-Survey (effort) 1% Post-Survey (effort) 1% Post-Survey Up to 2% (extra credit) Final letter grades for the course will be based on an absolute scale. The course score will be calculated to the nearest integer. No curving of any kind will be employed unless the combined average exam score (computed as the combined average of all midterm and final exams taken to date) is less than 70%. In such cases, the grades on the most recent exam will be adjusted by additively raising the exam scores to allow the combined exam average to meet the target minimum of 70%. The post-survey score is not included in this process; nor will the post-survey score be curved. (Note that class averages in Angel are not reliable and are often less than the actual class average.)

Each student that completes the pre-survey will receive 1% towards his or her final class grade; each student that completes the post-survey will receive 1% towards his or her final class grade. Students that complete both surveys will be eligible for a 2% extra credit. Each student's performance on the post-survey will determine how much of the 2% he or she receives (performance on the pre-survey will not be used in calculating the extra credit). The break points for the various grade levels are: 93% A 100% 90% A < 93% 87% B+ < 90% 83% B < 87% 80% B < 83% 77% C+ < 80% 70% C < 77% 60% D < 70% 0% F < 60% You can access your scores for completed assignments on Angel via the Grades link. You are responsible for verifying all of your scores (with the exception of the final exam score) and reporting any discrepancies before the last lecture for the course. Resources For help on physics outside of class, you should attend the Physics Department Learning Resource Center or the office hours of any teaching assistant for the course, not just your own. The course lecturer also has office hours. For help on technical issues, such as problems with grades, logging onto the laboratory computers, and the like, you should contact the course administrator directly or via Angel. All information and course materials are posted on Angel in the PHYS 212 site. This includes: Course syllabus Reading assignments Laboratory activities Lecture notes Announcements Exam Information Contact information & office hours for the course instructors and staff Grade information

A few items are posted in the PHYS 212 site: the clicker registration, the TA evaluation at the end of the semester, and raw clicker scores at the beginning of the semester (so you can check that your clicker is registered and working properly). Note to Students with Disabilities. Penn State welcomes students with disabilities into the University's educational programs. If you have a disability-related need for reasonable academic adjustments in this course, contact the Office for Disability Services (ODS) at 814-863-1807 (V/TTY). For further information regarding ODS, please visit the Office for Disability Services Web site at http://equity.psu.edu/ods/. In order to receive consideration for course accommodations, you must contact ODS and provide documentation (see the documentation guidelines at http://equity.psu.edu/ods/guidelines/documentation-guidelines). If the documentation supports the need for academic adjustments, ODS will provide a letter identifying appropriate academic adjustments. Please share this letter and discuss the adjustments with the course administrator as early in the course as possible. You must contact ODS and request academic adjustment letters at the beginning of each semester. Academic Integrity As described in The Penn State Principles, academic integrity is the basic guiding principle for all academic activity at Penn State University, allowing the pursuit of scholarly activity in an open, honest, and responsible manner. We expect that each student will practice integrity in regard to all academic assignments and will not tolerate or engage in acts of falsification, misrepresentation, or deception. To protect the fundamental ethical principles of the University community and the worth of work completed by others, we will record and report to the office of Judicial Affairs all instances of academic dishonesty. The University and Departmental policy regarding academic integrity can be found on the course web page with links to the faculty senate policy: http://www.psu.edu/ufs/policies/47-00.html#49-20. Excuse and Makeup Policy Labs: The laboratory components of this course are structured around collaborative learning. You must be present in laboratory to do these assignments. If you are absent from a laboratory section with a valid excuse, as described under "Valid Excuse Policy", fill out and submit an excuse form and submit it to your TA. You will not be required to make up the missed activity (and it is not possible to make up a missed activity). Your score for the missed activity will be recorded as a zero until an excuse form is provided. If you are absent without a valid excuse, a score of zero will be recorded for that assignment. Problem Sets: You must complete the problem sets (including reading self-checks) as scheduled, or provide a valid university excuse that justifies why the assignment could

not be completed in a timely manner given the length of time the assignment is available (in other words, an excuse for just the due date of the assignment is not sufficient). Conceptual Surveys: You must take the pre- and post-surveys at the Testing Center. Any student that registers for the course after the first day of the semester should contact the course administrator within a week of adding the course to arrange to take the pre-survey. In the case of sudden or unexpected events that will cause them to miss one of the surveys, students are required to notify the course administrator prior to the date of the survey or as soon as is reasonably possible. Examinations: All students should plan to take their exams at the scheduled times. Students can request makeup exams only by submitting a valid written excuse to the course administrator. In the case of sudden or unexpected events that will cause them to miss an exam, students are required to notify the course administrator prior to the exam or as soon as is reasonably possible. Valid Excuse Policy Valid reasons to be excused from an evaluative event (i.e. a graded class activity or a homework assignment) include illness or injury, family emergencies, university approved curricular and extracurricular activities, and religious holidays. If a student is unable to attend a scheduled activity or complete a homework assignment for one of these reasons and wishes to be excused from that activity or assignment, the student must print out an Excuse Form, fill out the requested information, and submit the form to the student's laboratory section instructor (depending on the activity missed). The form must be submitted within one week of the missed activity (in the case of an extended illness, within one week of the end of the illness). Up to three (3) valid excuses will be accepted for a student throughout the entire course. More than three absences will interfere excessively with student learning. In extreme circumstances in which a student requires four or more absences to be excused, he or she must contact the course administrator directly to discuss the situation. Requests to be excused from a missed evaluative event due to reasons that are based on false claims is cheating and will be treated as described in the Academic Integrity Policy 49-20 http://science.psu.edu/current-students/integrity/policy.html. A few comments regarding valid excuses: The student must provide all requested information on the Excuse Form and sign the form. Incorrect or missing information will result in the request for an excused absence to be denied. Family emergencies include a death in the immediate family, death of a close friend, sudden hospitalization of a close family member, and events of similar gravity. Students should inform their appropriate teaching assistants about the family emergency as soon as possible. To obtain an excuse for university-approved curricular and extra-curricular activities, a student needs to obtain a letter (or a class absence form) from the unit or department sponsoring the activity. The letter must indicate the anticipated

absence dates, and it must be presented to the student s teaching assistant at least one week prior to the first absence. In the case of religious holidays, students should notify their teaching assistants by the third week of the course of any potential conflicts. All excuses should be submitted to the relevant teaching assistants, not to the lecturing instructor. If there is a need to discuss the excuse with the course administrator, the teaching assistant should initiate this process. Do NOT wait until the end of the semester to ask to be excused from activities that occurred earlier in the semester. You have one week from the time you return to class to submit an excuse; otherwise it will be denied. Late Policy Students arriving more than 10 minutes late for laboratory will not receive credit for that day's activities. The laboratory is based on collaborative group activities. You will not obtain the full benefit of these activities and it is unfair to the other members of your group if you arrive late. Students arriving more than 10 minutes late will not be admitted and will lose credit for that day's class activities. If you have a valid excuse for arriving late you will be allowed to enter the class late only if you contact the TA in advance.