Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Elements of Literature: Third Course 2007 correlated to the Common Core State for English Language Arts Grade 9 Reading for Literature Key Ideas and Details 9.RL.1 Cite strong and thorough textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. SE 15, 36, 53, 75, 107, 116, 136, 151, 187, 195, 208, 219, 259, 267, 278, 303, 309, 347, 358, 368, 380, 413, 428, 434, 444, 479, 483, 488, 492, 497, 503, 507, 510, 511, 515, 519, 522, 525, 529, 536, 538, 543, 547, 550, 554, 579, 596, 621, 628, 659, 671, 703, 787, 831, 868, 888, 930, 957, 1008, 1026-1027 9.RL.2 9.RL.3 Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze in detail its development over the course of the text, including how it emerges and is shaped and refined by specific details; provide an objective summary of the text. Analyze how complex characters (e.g., those with multiple or conflicting motivations) develop over the course of a text, interact with other characters, and advance the plot or develop the theme. SE 53, 136, 246-247, 248-259, 261, 267, 270, 278, 295, 303, 305, 309, 316, 397, 428, 444, 469, 573, 596, 621, 628, 639, 660, 671, 1026 SE 53, 60, 75, 96-97, 98-107, 136, 162-165, 195, 247, 248, 251, 255, 267, 270, 278, 303, 357, 367, 396, 413, 444, 469, 671, 703, 736, 739 Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. 1
Common Core State for English Language Arts Grade 9 Craft and Structure 9.RL.4 9.RL.5 9.RL.6 Integration of Knowledge and Ideas 9.RL.7 9.RL.8 9.RL.9 Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in the text, including figurative and connotative meanings; analyze the cumulative impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone (e.g., how the language evokes a sense of time and place; how it sets a formal or informal tone). Analyze how an author s choices concerning how to structure a text, order events within it (e.g., parallel plots), and manipulate time (e.g., pacing, flashbacks) create such effects as mystery, tension, or surprise. Analyze a particular point of view or cultural experience reflected in a work of literature from outside the United States, drawing on a wide reading of world literature. Analyze the representation of a subject or a key scene in two different artistic mediums, including what is emphasized or absent in each treatment (e.g., Auden s Musée des Beaux Arts and Breughel s Landscape with the Fall of Icarus). (Not applicable to literature) Analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work (e.g., how Shakespeare treats a theme or topic from Ovid or the Bible or how a later author draws on a play by Shakespeare). SE 71, 152, 305, 309, 429, 479, 504-505, 508, 510, 511, 515, 516, 519, 522, 538, 547, 550, 568, 572, 580, 582, 596, 607, 621, 788, 934, 957, 1028-1029 SE 2-3, 4-15, 36, 44, 53, 155, 195, 278 SE 188-195, 270-278, 500-503, 520-522, 749-787, 789-813 SE 260, 261-267, 270-278, 280, 281-291, 294, 295-303, 305-309, 311-316, 318 SE 281-285, 286-287, 288-289, 290-293 Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. 2
Common Core State for English Language Arts Grade 9 Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity 9.RL.10 By the end of grade 9, read and comprehend literature, including stories, dramas, and poems, in the grades 9 10 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range. SE 4-15, 16-36, 44-53, 62-75, 98-107, 108-116, 126-136, 140-151, 172-187, 188-195, 197-208, 210-219, 248-259, 261-267, 270-278, 295-303, 305-309, 336-347, 356-358, 359-368, 376-380, 403-413, 414-428, 430-434, 436-444, 476-479, 480-483, 484-488, 489-492, 494-497, 500-503, 506-507, 508-510, 511, 512-515, 516-519, 520-522, 523-525, 526-529, 533-536, 537-538, 539-543, 544-547, 548-550, 551-554, 574-579, 580-596, 607-621, 627-628, 646-659, 660-671, 686-703, 749-787, 789-813, 814, 826-831, 855-868, 869-888, 897-930, 932-957, 959-1008, 1009-1027 Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. 3
Common Core State for English Language Arts Grade 9 Reading for Informational Text Key Ideas and Details 9.RI.1 9.RI.2 9.RI.3 Craft and Structure 9.RI.4 9.RI.5 9.RI.6 Cite textual evidence to support analysis of what the text says explicitly as well as inferences drawn from the text. Determine a central idea of a text and how it is conveyed through particular details; provide a summary of the text distinct from personal opinions or judgments. Analyze in detail how a key individual, event, or idea is introduced, illustrated, and elaborated in a text (e.g., through examples or anecdotes). Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they are used in a text, including figurative, connotative, and technical meanings. Analyze how a particular sentence, paragraph, chapter, or section fits into the overall structure of a text and contributes to the development of the ideas. Determine an author s point of view or purpose in a text and explain how it is conveyed in the text. SE 42, 59, 124, 229, 292, 374, 453, 605, 685, 824, 1037, 1065, 1068, 1072, 1078, 1083 SE 118, 124, 221, 229, 292, 293, 453, 674, 824, 1037 SE 221, 229, 230, 281, 446, 598, 599 SE 370, 370, 371, 374, 598, 600, 818, 824, 847 SE 221, 229, 370, 373, 374, 598-599, 600, 604, 606 SE 121, 281, 292, 446, 449, 674, 675, 679, 684, 731, 818, 824, 847, 1037 Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. 4
Common Core State for English Language Arts Grade 9 Integration of Knowledge and Ideas 9.RI.7 9.RI.8 9.RI.9 Integrate information presented in different media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively) as well as in words to develop a coherent understanding of a topic or issue. Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, distinguishing claims that are supported by reasons and evidence from claims that are not. Compare and contrast one author s presentation of events with that of another (e.g., a memoir written by and a biography on the same person). Range of Reading and Level of Text Complexity 9.RI.10 By the end of the year, read and comprehend literary nonfiction in the grades 6 8 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range. SE 281-285, 286-287, 288-289, 290-293 SE 370-371, 598-599, 818, 844-847 SE 281-285, 286-287, 288-289, 290-293 SE 38-42, 55-59, 118-124, 221-229, 281-292, 370-374, 446-453, 598-605, 674-685, 818-824, 1032-1037, 1060-1065, 1066-1068, 1069-1072, 1073-1078, 1079-1083 Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. 5
Common Core State for English Language Arts Grade 9 Writing Text Types and Purposes 9.W.1 9.W.1a 9.W.1b 9.W.1c 9.W.1d 9.W.1e Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence. Introduce precise claim(s), distinguish the claim(s) from alternate or opposing claims, and create an organization that establishes clear relationships among claim(s), counterclaims, reasons, and evidence. Develop claim(s) and counterclaims fairly, supplying evidence for each while pointing out the strengths and limitations of both in a manner that anticipates the audience s knowledge level and concerns. Use words, phrases, and clauses to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships between claim(s) and reasons, between reasons and evidence, and between claim(s) and counterclaims. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the argument presented. SE 208, 219, 278, 316, 382-389, 834-841 SE 208, 219, 278, 316, 382-389, 834-841 SE 208, 219, 278, 316, 382-389, 834-841 SE 208, 219, 278, 316, 382-389, 834-841 SE 208, 219, 278, 316, 385-386, 837-838 Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. 6
Common Core State for English Language Arts Grade 9 9.W.2 9.W.2a 9.W.2b 9.W.2c 9.W.2d 9.W.2e 9.W.2f Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas, concepts, and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content. Introduce a topic; organize complex ideas, concepts, and information to make important connections and distinctions; include formatting (e.g., headings), graphics (e.g., figures, tables), and multimedia when useful to aiding comprehension. Develop the topic with well-chosen, relevant, and sufficient facts, extended definitions, concrete details, quotations, or other information and examples appropriate to the audience s knowledge of the topic. Use appropriate and varied transitions to link the major sections of the text, create cohesion, and clarify the relationships among complex ideas and concepts. Use precise language and domain-specific vocabulary to manage the complexity of the topic. Establish and maintain a formal style and objective tone while attending to the norms and conventions of the discipline in which they are writing. Provide a concluding statement or section that follows from and supports the information or explanation presented (e.g., articulating implications or the significance of the topic). SE 232-239, 320-327, 456-463, 556-563, 630-637, 703, 706-725, 1040-1047 SE 232-239, 320-327, 456-463, 556-563, 630-637, 703, 706-725, 1040-1047 SE 235-239, 323-327, 459-463, 559-563, 633-637, 709-725, 1041-1047 SE 235-239, 323-327, 459-463, 559-563, 633-637, 709-725, 1041-1047 SE 235-239, 323-327, 459-463, 559-563, 633-637, 709-725, 1041-1047 SE 235-236, 323-324, 459-460, 559-560, 633-634, 709-710, 1041-1042 Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. 7
Common Core State for English Language Arts Grade 9 9.W.3 9.W.3a 9.W.3b 9.W.3c 9.W.3d 9.W.3e Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences. Engage and orient the reader by setting out a problem, situation, or observation, establishing one or multiple point(s) of view, and introducing a narrator and/or characters; create a smooth progression of experiences or events. Use narrative techniques, such as dialogue, pacing, description, reflection, and multiple plot lines, to develop experiences, events, and/or characters. Use a variety of techniques to sequence events so that they build on one another to create a coherent whole. Use precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters. Provide a conclusion that follows from and reflects on what is experienced, observed, or resolved over the course of the narrative. SE 36, 53, 78-85, 136, 151, 154-161, 367 SE 36, 53, 78-85, 136, 151, 154-161, 367 SE 36, 53, 78-85, 136, 151, 154-161, 367 SE 36, 53, 78-85, 136, 151, 154-161, 367 SE 36, 53, 81-82-85, 136, 151, 157-158, 367 Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. 8
Common Core State for English Language Arts Grade 9 Production and Distribution of Writing 9.W.4 Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience. (Grade-specific expectations for writing types are defined in standards 1 3 above.) SE 16, 36, 44, 53, 62, 75, 78-85, 108, 116, 126, 136, 140, 151, 154-161, 188, 195, 197, 208, 210, 219, 232-239, 261, 267, 270, 278, 295, 303, 305, 309, 311, 316, 320-327, 348, 357, 359, 367, 376, 380, 382-389, 414, 428, 430, 434, 436, 444, 456-463, 480, 483, 484, 488, 489, 492, 494, 497, 506, 507, 508, 510, 511, 515, 516, 519, 520, 522, 523, 525, 533, 536, 537, 538, 539, 543, 544, 547, 548, 550, 551, 554, 556-563, 580, 596, 607, 621, 623, 628, 630-637, 660, 671, 686, 703, 706-725, 749, 787, 789, 813, 826, 831, 834-841, 870, 888, 897, 988 9.W.5 9.W.6 Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach, focusing on addressing what is most significant for a specific purpose and audience. (Editing for conventions should demonstrate command of Language standards 1 3 up to and including grades 9 10 on page 54.) Use technology, including the Internet, to produce, publish, and update individual or shared writing products, taking advantage of technology s capacity to link to other information and to display information flexibly and dynamically. SE 78-85, 154-161, 232-239, 320-327, 382-389, 456-463, 556-563, 630-637, 706-725, 834-841, 1040-1047 SE 85, 161, 239, 327, 389, 463, 563, 637, 725, 841, 1047 Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. 9
Common Core State for English Language Arts Grade 9 Research to Build and Present Knowledge 9.W.7 9.W.8 9.W.9 9.W.9a Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects to answer a question (including a selfgenerated question) or solve a problem; narrow or broaden the inquiry when appropriate; synthesize multiple sources on the subject, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation. Gather relevant information from multiple authoritative print and digital sources, using advanced searches effectively; assess the usefulness of each source in answering the research question; integrate information into the text selectively to maintain the flow of ideas, avoiding plagiarism and following a standard format for citation. SE 221, 703, 706-724, 831 SE 221, 703, 706-724, 831 Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research. Apply grades 9 10 Reading standards to literature (e.g., Analyze how an author draws on and transforms source material in a specific work [e.g., how Shakespeare treats a theme or topic from Ovid or the Bible or how a later author draws on a play by Shakespeare] ). SE 62-75, 98-107, 126-136, 210-219, 248-259, 261-267, 270-278, 295-303, 305-309, 336-347, 403-413, 430-434, 436-444, 476-479, 480-483, 506-507, 508-510, 511, 512-515, 516-519, 520-522, 544-547, 548-550, 551-554, 574-579, 580-596, 607-621, 749-787, 789-813, 814, 826-831, 869-888 9.W.9b Apply grades 9 10 Reading standards to literary nonfiction (e.g., Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is valid and the evidence is relevant and sufficient; identify false statements and fallacious reasoning ). SE 38-42, 55-59, 118-124, 221-229, 281-292, 370-374, 446-453, 598-605, 674-685, 818-824, 1032-1037, 1060-1065, 1066-1068, 1069-1072, 1073-1078, 1079-1083 Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. 10
Common Core State for English Language Arts Grade 9 Range of Writing 9.W.10 Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences. SE 16, 36, 44, 53, 62, 75, 78-85, 108, 116, 126, 136, 140, 151, 154-161, 188, 195, 197, 208, 210, 219, 232-239, 261, 267, 270, 278, 295, 303, 305, 309, 311, 316, 320-327, 348, 357, 359, 367, 376, 380, 382-389, 414, 428, 430, 434, 436, 444, 456-463, 480, 483, 484, 488, 489, 492, 494, 497, 506, 507, 508, 510, 511, 515, 516, 519, 520, 522, 523, 525, 533, 536, 537, 538, 539, 543, 544, 547, 548, 550, 551, 554, 556-563, 580, 596, 607, 621, 623, 628, 630-637, 660, 671, 686, 703, 706-725, 749, 787, 789, 813, 826, 831, 834-841, 870, 888, 897, 988 Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. 11
Common Core State for English Language Arts Grade 9 Speaking and Listening Comprehension and Collaboration 9.SL.1 9.SL.1a 9.SL.1b 9.SL.1c 9.SL.1d 9.SL.2 Initiate and participate effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one-on-one, in groups, and teacherled) with diverse partners on grades 9 10 topics, texts, and issues, building on others ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively. Come to discussions prepared, having read and researched material under study; explicitly draw on that preparation by referring to evidence from texts and other research on the topic or issue to stimulate a thoughtful, well-reasoned exchange of ideas. Work with peers to set rules for collegial discussions and decision-making (e.g., informal consensus, taking votes on key issues, presentation of alternate views), clear goals and deadlines, and individual roles as needed. Propel conversations by posing and responding to questions that relate the current discussion to broader themes or larger ideas; actively incorporate others into the discussion; and clarify, verify, or challenge ideas and conclusions. Respond thoughtfully to diverse perspectives, summarize points of agreement and disagreement, and, when warranted, qualify or justify their own views and understanding and make new connections in light of the evidence and reasoning presented. Integrate multiple sources of information presented in diverse media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively, orally) evaluating the credibility and accuracy of each source. SE 16, 42, 137, 219, 220, 239, 247, 327, 390-393, 539, 563, 596, 645, 704, 889, 988, 1026, 1027, 1031, 1047 SE 16, 42, 137, 219, 220, 239, 247, 327, 390-393, 539, 563, 596, 645, 704, 889, 988, 1026, 1027, 1031, 1047 SE 16, 42, 137, 219, 220, 239, 247, 327, 390-393, 539, 563, 596, 645, 704, 889, 988, 1026, 1027, 1031, 1047 SE 16, 42, 137, 219, 220, 239, 247, 327, 390-393, 539, 563, 596, 645, 704, 889, 988, 1026, 1027, 1031, 1047 SE 320-327 Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. 12
Common Core State for English Language Arts Grade 9 9.SL.3 Presentation of Knowledge and Ideas 9.SL.4 9.SL.5 9.SL.6 Evaluate a speaker s point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric, identifying any fallacious reasoning or exaggerated or distorted evidence. Present information, findings, and supporting evidence clearly, concisely, and logically such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, substance, and style are appropriate to purpose, audience, and task. Make strategic use of digital media (e.g., textual, graphical, audio, visual, and interactive elements) in presentations to enhance understanding of findings, reasoning, and evidence and to add interest. Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate. See grades 9 10 Language standards 1 and 3 on pages 54 for specific expectations.) SE 320-327 SE 85, 86-87, 220, 463, 484, 492, 508, 510, 529, 533, 543, 544, 547, 550, 554, 563, 564-565, 726-727, 751, 841, 896, 921, 930, 938, 1027 SE 320-327, 727 SE 85, 86-87, 220, 463, 484, 492, 508, 510, 529, 533, 543, 544, 547, 550, 554, 563, 564-565, 726-727, 751, 841, 896, 921, 930, 938, 1027 Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. 13
Common Core State for English Language Arts Grade 9 Language Conventions of Standard English 9.L.1 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. 9.L.1a Use parallel structure.* SE 435, 1141, 1183 9.L.1b Use various types of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, participial, prepositional, absolute) and clauses (independent, dependent; noun, relative, adverbial) to convey specific meanings and add variety and interest to writing or presentations. SE 1172-1174, 1175-1176 9.L.2 Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. 9.L.2a Use a semicolon (and perhaps a conjunctive SE 1191 adverb) to link two or more closely related independent clauses. 9.L.2b Use a colon to introduce a list or quotation. SE 1191 9.L.2c Spell correctly. SE 85, 161, 239, 327, 389, 463, 563, 637, 725, 841, 1047, 1197-1200 Knowledge of Language 9.L.3 Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening. 9.L.3a Write and edit work so that it conforms to the guidelines in a style manual (e.g., MLA Handbook, Turabian s Manual for Writers) appropriate for the discipline and writing type. SE 85, 161, 239, 327, 389, 463, 563, 637, 725, 841, 1047 Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. 14
Common Core State for English Language Arts Grade 9 Vocabulary Acquisition and Use 9.L.4 Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grades 9 10 reading and content, choosing flexibly from a range of strategies. 9.L.4a 9.L.4b 9.L.4c 9.L.4d 9.L.5 9.L.5a Use context (e.g., the overall meaning of a sentence, paragraph, or text; a word s position or function in a sentence) as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase. Identify and correctly use patterns of word changes that indicate different meanings or parts of speech (e.g., analyze, analysis, analytical; advocate, advocacy). Consult general and specialized reference materials (e.g., dictionaries, glossaries, thesauruses), both print and digital, to find the pronunciation of a word or determine or clarify its precise meaning, its part of speech, or its etymology. Verify the preliminary determination of the meaning of a word or phrase (e.g., by checking the inferred meaning in context or in a dictionary). SE 166, 196, 368, 375, 470, 522, 640, 825 SE 1201-1205 SE 43, 54, 125, 293, 304, 317, 445, 454, 493, 597, 704, 816, 817, 832, 889, 958, 989, 1008, 1031, 1038, 1149-1150 SE 43, 54, 125, 293, 317, 445, 454, 493, 597, 704, 816, 817, 832, 889, 958, 989, 1008, 1031, 1038, 1149-1150 Demonstrate understanding of figurative language, word relationships, and nuances in word meanings. Interpret figures of speech (e.g., euphemism, oxymoron) in context and analyze their role in the text. SE 71, 152, 305, 309, 429, 479, 504-505, 508, 510, 511, 515, 516, 519, 522, 538, 547, 550, 568, 572, 580, 582, 596, 607, 621, 788, 934, 957, 1028-1029 9.L.5b Analyze nuances in the meaning of words with similar denotations. SE 310, 435, 622, 1038 Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. 15
Common Core State for English Language Arts Grade 9 9.L.6 Acquire and use accurately general academic and domain-specific words and phrases, sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when considering a word or phrase important to comprehension or expression. SE 37, 43, 54, 76, 92, 117, 125, 137, 152, 166, 196, 209, 220, 230, 242, 268, 279, 293, 304, 310, 317, 330, 358, 368, 375, 398, 429, 435, 445, 454, 470, 493, 522, 597, 606, 622, 640, 672, 685, 704, 732, 788, 815, 816-817, 825, 832, 848, 889, 931, 958, 989, 1028-1029, 1030-1031, 1038, 1056 Copyright 2010. National Governors Association Center for Best Practices and Council of Chief State School Officers. All rights reserved. 16