Page 1 of 14 Migrant Literacy NET Instructional Resources Lesson 57: Writing Standard:* Skill Area(s): X 1. Writing Process 2. Stylistic and Rhetorical Aspects 3. Grammatical and Mechanical Conventions 4. Gather and Use Information for Research Standard 3.3 Uses nouns in written compositions (grades 3-5) Standard 3.2 Uses nouns in written compositions (grades 6-8) Target Grade Level: K-2 3-5 X 6-8 9-12 Writing Stage: X Emergent X Developmental Outcome(s): Students will learn the rules for forming plural nouns, practice the correct forms, and use the correct forms in writing sentences. Materials: Pretest/Posttest Rules for Words Ending in sh, ch, s, or x Transparency (included) Rules for Words Ending in o Transparency (included) Rules for Words Ending in y Transparency (included) Student Worksheet: Rules and Practice Day 1 Student Worksheet: Plural Nouns in Sentences Day 1 Student Worksheet: Rules and Practice Day 2 Student Worksheet: Plural Nouns in Sentences Day 2 Student Worksheet: Rules and Practice Day 3 Student Worksheet: Plural Nouns in Sentences Day 3 Duration of Lesson: Procedures and Answer Key(s): ELL Recommendations: Three 45-minute lessons See attached pages. Speak slowly and clearly when presenting the singular and plural nouns. Model writing the plural nouns. Check for understanding often. Assessment: Students will write the correct plural form of nouns. The pre- and posttest assessments are at the end of the lesson. *from the National Council of Teachers of English 2009 Educational Research & Training Corporation
Lesson Procedures Teacher Procedures Lesson Procedures: Introduction: This lesson should be taught so that each set of plurals is taught on three different days so students will clearly understand each rule and not be overwhelmed. Before teaching the lesson make copies of the six student worksheets. Also make overhead transparencies of Rules for Words Ending in sh, ch s, or x Transparency, Rules for Words Ending in o Transparency, Rules for Words Ending in y Transparency. Day 1: 1. Give the pretest for this lesson using the Assessment Procedures given on the next page. The teacher should rate the student s skill level subjectively using the 4-point rubric indicated. 2. Display the Rules for Words Ending in sh, ch, s, x Transparency on an overhead projector and give each student a copy of Student Worksheet: Rules and Practice Day 1. 3. The teacher should read the top of the page aloud and discuss the rules for forming plurals. Model changing the first two words in the practice section at the bottom of the page. Have the students try the next two words on their own. Check their answers and write the correct answers on the transparency. 4. Clarify any questions the student may have and then ask students to finish the rest of the words on the page. 5. Hand out Student Worksheet: Plural Nouns in Sentences Day 1. Read the directions to the students and make sure they understand that they are to write a complete sentence. Remind them that a complete sentence expresses a complete thought and needs a subject and a verb. Have the students complete this worksheet on their own. 6. Collect the Student Worksheets and score them in preparation for Day 2. Day 2: 1. Return the corrected student worksheets, Plural Nouns in Sentences Day 1, and go over any problems the students may have had. 2. Display the Rules for Words Ending in o Transparency and give each student a copy of the Student Worksheet: Rules and Practice Day 2. 3. Discuss the rules and complete the practice section with the same procedure as on Day 1. 4. Hand out Student Worksheet: Plural Nouns in Sentences Day 2. Remind students to write complete sentences. Have the students complete this worksheet on their own. Collect the Student Worksheets and score them in preparation for Day 3. 2
Lesson Procedures Teacher Procedures (cont.) Lesson Procedures (cont.): Day 3: 1. Repeat the above procedure for Rules for Words Ending in y Transparency; Student Worksheet: Rules and Practice Sheet for Day 3; and Student Worksheet: Plural Nouns in Sentences Day 3. 2. Administer the posttest using the Assessment Procedures given below to determine the student s level of proficiency following the instruction of these skill(s). The teacher should rate the student s skill level subjectively using the 4-point rubric indicated. ELL Recommendations: Speak slowly and clearly when presenting the singular and plural nouns. Model writing the plural nouns. Check for understanding often. Assessment Procedures: The pre- and posttest assessments are at the end of the lesson. Students will read the directions and write the correct plural form of the nouns. Answer Key(s): Student Worksheets: Rules and Practice Day 1 1. helicopters 2. fingers 3. brushes 4. foxes 5. classes 6. villages 7. turtles 8. ostriches 9. walruses 10. axes Rules and Practice Day 2 1. zeros, zeroes 2. mosquitoes 3. lassos, lassoes 4. solos 5. radios 6. tomatoes 7. banjos 8. pianos 9. echoes 10. buffaloes Rules and Practice Day 3 1. libraries 2. jellies 3. boundaries 4. salaries 5. journeys 6. trophies 7. alleys 8. families 9. counties 10. allies NOTE: Day 2: Numbers 1 and 3 are both correct. If students follow the rule, it may be less confusing. Plural Nouns in Sentences worksheets: Answers will vary. Check for complete sentences. Pretest/Posttest Assessment: 1. boxes 2. radios 3. donkeys 4. buildings 5. messes 6. pennies 7. heroes 8. dishes 9. cities 10. matches 3
Lesson Procedures Teacher Procedures (cont.) Rules for Words Ending in sh, ch, s, or x Transparency A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Singular nouns name one person, place thing, or idea. Plural nouns name more than one person, place thing, or idea. Many singular nouns can be made plural by adding s to the end of the singular noun. Examples: boy boys girl girls dog dogs Singular nouns that end in sh, ch, s or x can be made plural by adding es to the end of the singular noun. Examples: bush bushes church churches dress dresses fox foxes Practice: Write the correct plural form of the noun on the line. 1. helicopter 2. finger 3. brush 4. fox 5. class 6. village 7. turtle 8. ostrich 9. walrus 10. ax 4
Lesson Procedures Teacher Procedures (cont.) Rules for Words Ending in o Transparency A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Singular nouns name one person, place thing, or idea. Plural nouns name more than one person, place thing, or idea. Many singular nouns ending in o after a vowel are made plural by adding s to the end of the singular noun. Examples: rodeo rodeos tattoo tattoos Many singular nouns ending in o after a consonant are made plural by adding es to the end of the singular noun. Examples: hero heroes potato potatoes Practice: Write the correct plural form of the noun on the line. 1. zero 2. mosquito 3. lasso 4. solo 5. radio 6. tomato 7. banjo 8. piano 9. echo 10. buffalo 5
Lesson Procedures Teacher Procedures (cont.) Rules for Words Ending in y Transparency A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Singular nouns name one person, place thing, or idea. Plural nouns name more than one person, place thing, or idea. Many singular nouns ending in y after a vowel are made plural by adding s to the end of the singular noun. Examples: boy boys turkey turkeys day days Singular nouns that end in y after a consonant are made plural by changing the y to i and adding es to the end of the singular noun. Examples: berry berries country countries dictionary dictionaries Practice: Write the correct plural form of the noun on the line. 1. library 2. jelly 3. boundary 4. salary 5. journey 6. trophy 7. alley 8. family 9. county 10. ally 6
Student Worksheet Student Worksheet: Rules and Practice Day 1 Name Date: Rules for Words Ending in sh, ch, s, or x A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Singular nouns name one person, place thing, or idea. Plural nouns name more than one person, place thing, or idea. Many singular nouns can be made plural by adding s to the end of the singular noun. Examples: boy boys girl girls dog dogs Singular nouns that end in sh, ch, s or x can be made plural nouns by adding es to the end of the singular noun. Examples: bush bushes church churches dress dresses fox foxes Practice: Write the correct plural form of the noun on the line. 1. helicopter 2. finger 3. brush 4. fox 5. class 6. village 7. turtle 8. ostrich 9. walrus 10. ax 7
Student Worksheet Student Worksheet: Plural Nouns in Sentences Day 1 Name Date: Directions: On the line next to the noun, write a complete sentence using the correct plural form. 1. helicopter 2. finger 3. brush 4. fox 5. class 6. village 7. turtle 8. ostrich 9. walrus 10. ax 8
Student Worksheet Student Worksheet: Rules and Practice Day 2 Name Date: Rules for Words Ending in o A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Singular nouns name one person, place thing, or idea. Plural nouns name more than one person, place thing, or idea. Many singular nouns ending in o after a vowel are made plural by adding s to the end of the singular noun. Examples: rodeo rodeos tattoo tattoos Many singular nouns ending in o after a consonant are made plural by adding es to the end of the singular noun. Examples: hero heroes potato potatoes Practice: Write the correct plural form of the noun on the line. 1. zero 2. mosquito 3. lasso 4. solo 5. radio 6. tomato 7. banjo 8. piano 9. echo 10. buffalo 9
Student Worksheet Student Worksheet: Plural Nouns in Sentences Day 2 Name Date: Directions: On the line next to the noun, write a complete sentence using the correct plural form. 1. zero 2. mosquito 3. lasso 4. solo 5. radio 6. tomato 7. banjo 8. piano 9. echo 10. buffalo 10
Student Worksheet Student Worksheet: Rules and Practice Day 3 Name Date: Rules for Words Ending in y A noun is a word that names a person, place, thing, or idea. Singular nouns name one person, place thing, or idea. Plural nouns name more than one person, place thing, or idea. Many singular nouns ending in y after a vowel are made plural by adding s to the end of the singular noun. Examples: boy boys turkey turkeys day days Singular nouns that end in y after a consonant are made plural by changing the y to i and adding es to the end of the singular noun. Examples: berry berries country countries dictionary dictionaries Practice: Write the correct plural form of the noun on the line. 1. library 2. jelly 3. boundary 4. salary 5. journey 6. trophy 7. alley 8. family 9. county 10. ally 11
Student Worksheet Student Worksheet: Plural Nouns in Sentences Day 3 Name Date: Directions: On the line next to the noun, write a complete sentence using the correct plural form. 1. library 2. jelly 3. boundary 4. salary 5. journey 6. trophy 7. alley 8. family 9. county 10. ally 12
Assessment Assessment PRETEST Name Date: Directions: Write the correct plural form of the following nouns on the line next to the word. 1. box 2. radio 3. donkey 4. building 5. mess 6. penny 7. hero 8. dish 9. city 10. match Teacher Rating for Student Proficiency in this Skill (4 = advanced; 3 = proficient; 2 = partly proficient; 1 = unsatisfactory) 13
Assessment Assessment POSTTEST Name Date: Directions: Write the correct plural form of the following nouns on the line next to the word. 1. box 2. radio 3. donkey 4. building 5. mess 6. penny 7. hero 8. dish 9. city 10. match Teacher Rating for Student Proficiency in this Skill (4 = advanced; 3 = proficient; 2 = partly proficient; 1 = unsatisfactory) 14