PHYSICS 2225 Physics Lab II For S & E Spring 2017
Acknowledgments Many thanks to those individuals who spent countless hours brainstorming, writing, revising, and rewriting in an effort to make these lab manuals clear, user-friendly, and instructive. Individuals of note include Kevin Davenport, Keyton Clayson, Matt Briggs, Jason Farley, Maureen Gilbert, Mark Hollier, Rick Jacob, Adam Johnston, Nate Jones, Gernot Laicher, Tomo Nagai, and Sid Rudolph. Important Information for People with Disabilities The University of Utah seeks to provide equal access to its programs, services and activities for people with disabilities. If you will need accommodations in the class, reasonable prior notice needs to be given to the Center for Disability Services, 162 Olpin Union Building, 581-5020 (V/TDD). CDS will work with you and the instructor to make arrangements for accommodations. All written information in this course can be made available in alternative format with prior notification to the Center for Disability Services. For your convenience, please fill in the missing information below Your Name: Course and Section: Class Meeting Time: Lab Director: Gernot Laicher Office: 410 South Physics Phone: 801-585-5553 E-mail: gernot@physics.utah.edu Web Page: http://www.physics.utah.edu/~gernot/gernot.html There is a website for the Physics Elementary Labs at: http://www.physics.utah.edu/~gernot/elem_labs/labs.html This web page contains a lot of important information. Please use it. In addition to the website we will use Canvas to provide a convenient venue to ask questions and get answers. https://go.utah.edu/cas/login?service=https%3a%2f%2futah.instructure.com%2flogin%2fcas You can also check on Canvas what scores were recorded for you. You should always double check to make sure the TA did not make a mistake in recording or forgot to record a score. This is especially advisable towards the end of the semester. Contact your TA to get mistakes rectified as soon as possible. ii
2225 COURSE OVERVIEW Welcome to the Introductory Physics Laboratories! Please take note of the following. FOREWORD The laboratory program that you will undertake in this course and the succeeding one is designed to introduce you to multiple components of the experimental nature of physics. Of course, you will learn to use the "tools of the trade": timers, meter sticks, balances, thermometers, power supplies, electrical meters, the PC, and others. Finally, you will synthesize all the above skills in designing one or more experiments, executing them, and then writing a complete report according to the protocol provided. We make an attempt to have the program of lab activities follow the lecture program in the lecture sequence. However, please realize that different lecturers move through the subject matter at different paces. Therefore, it is possible that a lab activity deals with physics not yet covered in the lecture course. When this happens the lab TAs can spend extra time during the introduction explaining the physics you need to know to do the lab. It is even possible that one or more lab activities will deal with subject matter that is never covered in the lecture sequence. It is imperative that you study the lab before coming to class. This will help you manage your time in the lab. PREREQUISITES This course is designed to accompany the Physics 2210 and 2220 sequence. Physics 2215 should be taken concurrently or after you take 2210 and Physics 2225 should be taken concurrently or after you take Physics 2220. Physics 2215 should be taken prior to Physics 2225. ADDING, DROPPING, WITHDRAWING Last day to add without permission code: Friday, January 13 th. Last day to add/drop (delete) classes: Friday, January 20 th. Last day to withdraw from classes: Friday, March 3 rd. Permission codes to add this class will be required starting on Saturday, January 14 th. Contact the Elementary Lab Director for the permission code. PLEASE NOTE: You will NOT get a permission code before January 14 th and there is no waiting list for permission codes. Before January 18 th you can add the class without permission code, as long as the section has less people enrolled than specified by the enrollment cap (typically 24 ). If the enrollment cap has been reached, you cannot add the class. You should keep looking at the enrollment numbers (people keep switching sections) and quickly add the class as soon as the number drops below the enrollment cap. If on or after January 14 th a space becomes available in that section, you may contact the lab director (gernot@physics.utah.edu 801-585-5553) to ask for a permission code for the open seat. FIRST Week of Classes Physics 22255 will not meet during the first week of classes. However, you need to go on Canvas and watch the introductory video for this class. In this video, course policies and objectives are iii
discussed. You will also need to do homework 1 (it is due at the beginning of the first lab activity). In the first week of classes, your lab TA (if already assigned at that time) will be available during the first hour of the regularly scheduled lab time in the elementary lab area (for any 7:30am class the TA will be there from 9:30am-10:30am). In addition, the lab director will have office hours (see lab director s web page for current office hours). LAB STRUCTURE In preparation for an upcoming lab, you are expected to do the following at home: 1. Do any homework that is due for this lab. 2. Familiarize yourself with the scope of the Physics subjects by reading through the upcoming lab activity. 3. If necessary, refresh your knowledge of the relevant Physics topics by reading/studying a suitable Physics textbook. 4. Contact your TA (or any other TA teaching another section of the same course) by e-mail or during office hours regarding questions on how to do the homework or about questions regarding the Physics subject matter. The lab session is structured as follows: 1. At the beginning of the lab session any homework associated with the current lab must be submitted. Each student must submit his/her own homework. 2. There will be a short discussion at the start of every lab session. Be sure to be on time, because this discussion will be vital to your ability to complete the lab. 3. The lab work will follow the discussion and will be performed in groups of two students. 4. The lab TA will be available to answer questions and help you when you get stuck. 5. At the end of the lab session a lab write-up must be submitted by each group. Please write both names of the participating students on this lab write-up. IMPORTANT: Once your homework and lab reports are graded you will receive them back TEMPORARILY. After you have had a chance to look at your grade you need to return your homework/lab reports to your TA, who will keep them. You should return these reports and homework within a week. The lab reports and homework will become property of the Physics Department. ATTENDING OTHER SECTIONS You must do your lab in the section for which you are registered. In general, you may not attend other sections. Exceptions are only granted by the lab director in some severe circumstances (see also the section on MISSING A LAB below). CONTENT OVERVIEW There are three distinct kinds of activities you will encounter this term: Homework, Minilabs, and Experiments. Homework consists of a reading assignment and a set of problems. The Minilab is an experimental activity, done in the lab in groups of two or three students (no more than 3 - unless very specifically authorized by the TA in advance), and the lab write-up is normally turned in at the end of the lab session in which the work was done. An Experiment is a lab activity for which less detailed instructions are given. To a greater extend (compared to a Minilab) you are put in charge of designing the Experiment. In addition, an experiment involves a detailed lab report, written by you in the form of a scientific paper. The experiment is still done in groups of two or three. However, each member of the group must iv
write their own report (a copy or a close rephrasing of your lab partners report is unacceptable). DUE DATES Homework: Labs: Experimental lab reports: Due before each weekly lab activity is started. Each individual must turn in their own homework. Due at the end of the lab period. Each group only turns in one lab write-up. Make sure both names are written on the lab write-up. Due one week after the experiment was performed. Late reports will have 5% of their score deducted for each day that they are late. A lab report that is 20 days late will thus receive an automatic zero credit. GRADING Physics 2225 is a graded one credit hour course. Grades of A, B, C, D, and E will be assigned on the basis of your performance in the course. Homework is graded on a scale of 0-10 points by the TA. Lab write-ups are graded on a scale of 0-20 points by the TA. Experimental lab reports are graded on a scale of 0-40 points by the TA. There are no quizzes, midterm exams, or final exams. Therefore, your grade will depend solely on your homework and lab write-up grades. The final grade you receive is determined by the lab director at the end of the semester. The lab director determines your final grade using a method that takes into account the average score in all the sections taught by your TA. This method ensures that you are not favored or punished by an excessively lenient or harsh TA. PROCEDURE FOR DISPUTING A RECEIVED GRADE Any grievances about received grades in homework, lab write-ups, and experimental lab reports should initially be addressed to your TA. Please explain to the TA in detail where and why you disagree with his/her grading and submit the assignment in question to your TA for a re-grade. In cases in which you and the TA are not able to resolve the dispute about the grading, you may contact the lab director for further advice. The lab director will make a final decision on the case after consulting both the TA and the student about the matter. The lab director may request that both the TA and the student meet with him in his office to discuss the issue. Complaints about the final grade received in the class should be addressed directly to the lab director. IMPROPER CONDUCT Improper conduct may result in zero or reduced credit for a homework or lab write-up and may result in a failing grade for the class. Improper conduct includes, but is not limited to: 1. Copying results of lab activities from other groups and submitting them as your own. 2. Copying results of homework from others and submitting it as your own. v
3. Fabricating data. 4. Deliberate destruction of laboratory equipment. 5. Stealing laboratory equipment. 6. Deliberate activities that impair the operation of the computers (e.g., deliberate installation of computer viruses/worms, etc.). 7. Not following safety advice. To clarify, the following behavior is not considered improper: 1. Working on homework together with another student - as long as both students are gaining a full understanding of the results and are both contributing to the results. Nevertheless, each student must still submit a separate homework to the TA. 2. Asking another group in the lab: How did you do that? However, after you have gained such knowledge from another group, please return to your lab setup and do this activity yourself. 3. Accidental destruction of equipment. Please notify your TA immediately so that we can replace the destroyed or malfunctioning equipment for you and those in the following groups. MISSING A LAB OR HOMEWORK / MAKING UP A MISSED LAB OR MISSED HOMEWORK Due to the large number of students and sections, we have a fairly strict method of dealing with missed labs: 1. At the end of the semester, there will be a lab session for which we have not scheduled any regular lab activity. If you have missed lab activities during the preceding weeks, you will be allowed to make up one of these missed lab activities. 2. We drop the lowest scores of your lab write-ups (Minilabs). If you did all the labs, this will be the lowest of your scores. If you missed a lab and didn t make it up, the zero is the dropped score. 3. Labs which were missed due to participation in University-sponsored activities (e.g., if you are a member of a University athletic team and had to be at a competition during your lab time) can all be made up. Please contact the lab director in such circumstances and provide him with advance notice (at least 1 week in advance) of your absence so that proper arrangements for making up the missed lab can be made. 4. Severe circumstances: If you feel that severe circumstances are preventing you from missing more than two lab activities, you may contact the lab director. He will hear your case, discuss your options, and may grant permission to make up a missed lab. In cases of up to two missed lab activities (or one missed experiment) your options are generally limited to having them considered the dropped labs thus, in principle you can still get 100% credit in the class in such cases. Exceptions are only granted by the lab director in some severe circumstances 5. Homework cannot be made up at the end of the semester. 6. If you participate in a lab activity, the homework is due at the beginning of that lab activity. You will not be able to submit it at a later point. 7. If you miss a lab, you have two options on how to deal with the missed homework: a) Submit the homework early to your TA if you know in advance that you will miss the lab. a. Submit the homework as quickly as possible, but no later than 1 week late to your TA if you miss a lab but didn t know in advance about it (e.g., you overslept or vi
your car broke down on the way to the University). In either case, please make sure you e-mail to your TA that you want to submit this homework to his/her mailbox. Then drop it into the TA s mailbox, after having it dated and signed by the Physics Department Secretary. Do not submit your homework/lab reports to the Lab Director's mailbox. Get it to your TA. All TA's maintain mailboxes in the vicinity of room 201 JFB (North Physics). If you cannot find a mailbox, please ask the secretary for help. Printing please read before printing! Please, before you print anything on our printer, always use Print Preview and make sure that you are only printing what you need to print. For example, when you want to print out a graph from a spreadsheet, don t simply select Print from the menu of Excel because you might be printing out reams of paper filled with numbers. If you first use Print Preview you will find out that this is what would happen. In this example, if you first click on the graph and thus select it you will see that the Print Preview only shows the graph. You can then also still adjust other printer options to optimize the print. By following this simple precaution, you can help reduce the waste of paper resulting from printing out unwanted things. Thank you! vii
2225 COURSE CONTENT # Homework Name Page # 1 Standing Waves and Excel Spreadsheet 1-4 2 Working With Electronic Equipment 35-38 3 Analog Circuits / Digital Circuits 83-112 4 An Investigation Into RC Circuits 129-140 Experiment 1 (ungraded but required homework no number) 167-170 5 Diffraction Grating and the Spectrometer 227-238 # Mini Lab Name Page # 1 Standing Waves 5-24 2 A Look at Sound 25-34 3 Working with Electronic Equipment 39-82 4 Analog Circuits / Digital Circuits 113-128 5 Resistors, Capacitors, and RC Circuits 141-152 6 Magnetic Fields 153-166 7 Faraday's Law 181-190 8 Optics I: Activities with Light Rays 191-206 9 Optics II: Spherical Lenses and Optical Instruments 207-216 10 Optics III: Physical Optics 217-226 11 The Spectrometer 239-250 # Experiment Name Page # 1 Measurement of e/m for the Electron 171-180 Instructions for / example of an experiment lab report 251-262 viii
2225 Course Schedule Activity # 1 Please, look at the lab schedule tables on the following pages for the exact dates of lab activities. Homework is always due before the start of the lab with which it is associated. Watch introductory video on Canvas. Do homework 1. Homework 1: Standing Waves & Excel Spreadsheet Minilab 1: Standing Waves 2 Minilab 2: A Look at Sound 3 4 5 Homework 2: Working with Electronic Equipment Minilab 3: Working with Electronic Equipment Homework 3: Analog Circuits / Digital Circuits Minilab 4: Analog Circuits / Digital Circuits Homework 4: An Investigation Into RC Circuits Minilab 5: Resistors, Capacitors, and RC Circuits 6 Minilab 6: Magnetic Fields 7 Homework (no number): e/m Experiment (Do the e/m-experiment in this week, report due next week) Experiment: Measurement of e/m for the Electron (report 8 due) Minilab 7:Faraday s Law 9 Minilab 8: Optics Lab I: Activities with Light Rays 10 Minilab 9: Optics Lab II: Spherical Lenses and Optical Instruments 11 Minilab 10: Optics Lab III: Physical Optics 12 Homework 5: Diffraction Grating Minilab 11: The Spectrometer Make up a missed lab activity ix
Lab Schedule for Thursday Sections (1, 2, 3, 4) Lab # Name of Lab Date Watch introductory video on Canvas. Do homework 1. 1/12/2017 ML 1 Standing Waves 1/19/2017 ML 2 A Look At Sound 1/26/2017 ML 3 Working With Electronic Equipment 2/2/2017 ML 4 Analog Circuits / Digital Circuits 2/9/2017 ML 5 Resistors, Capacitors, and RC Circuits 2/16/2017 ML 6 Magnetic Fields 2/23/2017 E 1 e / m Experiment 3/2/2017 ML 7 Faraday s Law 3/9/2017 ML 8 Optics I: Activities With Light Rays 3/23/2017 ML 9 Optics II: Spherical Lenses and Optical Instruments 3/30/2017 ML 10 Optics III: Physical Optics 4/6/2017 ML 11 The Spectrometer 4/13/2017 Make up one missed lab 4/20/2017 Lab Schedule for Friday Section (5) Lab # Name of Lab Date Watch introductory video on Canvas. Do homework 1. 1/13/2017 ML 1 Standing Waves 1/20/2017 ML 2 A Look At Sound 1/27/2017 ML 3 Working With Electronic Equipment 2/3/2017 ML 4 Analog Circuits / Digital Circuits 2/10/2017 ML 5 Resistors, Capacitors, and RC Circuits 2/17/2017 ML 6 Magnetic Fields 2/24/2017 E 1 e / m Experiment 3/3/2017 ML 7 Faraday s Law 3/10/2017 ML 8 Optics I: Activities With Light Rays 3/24/2017 ML 9 Optics II: Spherical Lenses and Optical Instruments 3/31/2017 ML 10 Optics III: Physical Optics 4/7/2017 ML 11 The Spectrometer 4/14/2017 Make up one missed lab 4/21/2017 x