Department of Instructional Technology and Research Spring 2006 Instructor: Dr. Simon Aman Phone: 561-799-8716 Office: Room 207A, EC Building Fax: 561-799-8527 FAU Jupiter Campus E-Mail: saman@fau.edu Dept. Phone: 561-799-8135 Office Hrs: Tuesday 12:00 p.m. 3:00 p.m.; Wednesday 12:00 p.m. 3:00 p.m.; Other times available by appointment. COURSE NUMBER: SECTION: COURSE TITLE: DAY/TIME: STA 6113 5 Educational Statistics Monday 4:20-7:00 pm I. CATALOG DESCRIPTION: Provides the student with a broad knowledge of statistical concepts and techniques necessary for critical consumption of educational research. II. TEXTBOOK: Salkind, N. J. (2004). Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics. 2 nd edition. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. III. COURSE OVERVIEW: In this introductory course in statistical methods, the basic descriptive statistics topics (such as averages, variability, standard scores, normal curve, and correlation) will be covered followed by a number of inferential statistical tests (including one mean, one correlation, two means, chi-square, and ANOVA). Students will also learn to conduct these statistical applications on the computer using SPSS (the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences). IV. GUIDELINES USED IN DEVELOPING COURSE OBJECTIVES: The objectives listed here were developed in line with the principles of measurement and statistics established by the National Council on Measurement in Education, and the American Educational Research Association. V. EXPECTED OUTCOMES (COURSE OBJECTIVES): After completing this course, the student should be able to: 1. Construct and interpret tables for categorical and interval scale scores. 2. Classify scores representing the four scales of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. 3. Construct and interpret bar and circle graphs, histograms and broken-line graphs. 4. Determine by inspection the modality and symmetry or skewness of tabled or graphed score distributions. 5. Calculate the mean, median, and mode for any score distribution. 6. Select the average which produces the optimum effect for a given situation. 7. Determine the range and compute the standard deviation for any score distribution. STA 6113: Educational Statistics, Spring 2006 06/21/06 Page 1 of 6
8. Convert a distribution of scores to z-scores, and z-scores to other standard scores. 9. Determine areas under the normal curve. 10. Find standard scores corresponding to selected areas under the normal curve. 11. Construct a scatter diagram and compute a correlation coefficient to express the relationship between two variables. 12. Identify three limitations which affect correlation: (a) the Pearson correlation coefficient is inappropriate for measuring non-linear relationships, (b) correlation does not ensure that a cause and effect relationship exists, and (c) the magnitude of the correlation is lowered by homogeneity of scores. 13. Discriminate between biased and unbiased sampling procedures. 14. Select a random sample for given situations. 15. Relate sample statistics to population parameters in making inferences. 16. Compute the standard error of the mean. 17. Contrast the consequences of making a Type I or Type II error for given situations. 18. Use SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) on the computer to create and save a data file, produce frequency distributions, add cases, insert variables, apply the select command to perform operations on a specific group, apply the compute command, apply the recode command, produce a pie graph or bar graph, produce a histogram or box plot, determine the mean and standard deviation, produce a scatter diagram, and determine the relationship between two variables. 19. State how the power of a hypothesis test is affected by (a) the selection of the significance level, and (b) the choice of a one-tailed or two-tailed alternative hypothesis. 20. Use SPSS to conduct a one mean hypothesis test, stating a conclusion based on the outcome. 21. Use SPSS to conduct a one correlation hypothesis test, stating a conclusion based on the outcome. 22. Use SPSS to conduct an independent two mean hypothesis test, stating a conclusion based on the outcome (including a comment about effect size). 23. Use SPSS to conduct a dependent two mean hypothesis test, stating a conclusion based on the outcome. 24. Use SPSS to conduct an independent two variance hypothesis test, stating a conclusion based on the outcome (particularly in regard to testing the assumption for conducting the independent two mean hypothesis test). 25. Use SPSS to conduct a chi-square goodness of fit test, stating a conclusion based on the outcome. 26. Use SPSS to conduct a chi-square test of independence, stating a conclusion based on the outcome. 27. Use SPSS to conduct a one-way analysis of variance test, stating a conclusion based on the outcome (including the interpretation of a post hoc multiple comparisons test). 28. Use SPSS to conduct a factorial (two-way) analysis of variance test, stating the conclusions on the two main effects and interaction effect based on the outcome (including interpretation of a post hoc multiple comparisons tests where appropriate, and graphing of interaction). 29. Use SPSS to conduct a regression analysis, stating a conclusion based on the outcome. 30. Identify situations appropriate to conduct the various hypothesis tests: one mean, one correlation, independent two mean, dependent two mean, independent two variance, chi-square goodness of fit, chi-square test of independence, one-way ANOVA, factorial (two-way) ANOVA, and regression analysis. VI. EVALUATION AND GRADE ASSIGNMENT: 1. Tests 2. Written Homework Assignments 3. SPSS Homework Assignments 4. Data Base Project VII. INSTRUCTIONAL METHODS AND MATERIALS This course meets once a week with each class being 2 hours and 40 minutes. Students are expected to attend class and participate in lecture, discussion, and computer activities. Initially, statistical concepts will be introduced followed by a homework assignment incorporating those concepts. Supplements to the textbook will be made to provide additional examples of the various procedures covered. Extensive use of SPSS will require students to be able to enter data, modify data sets, conduct statistical applications, and interpret SPSS output. A data base project will be assigned for students to work on a data set of their own. STA 6113: Educational Statistics, Spring 2006 06/21/06 Page 2 of 6
VIII. COURSE REQUIREMENTS/TOTAL POINTS CRITICAL ASSIGNMENT: The completion of the student s Data Base Project will constitute the critical assignment in this class. The student must receive a grade of at least 70% to merit meets requirements in this critical assignment. Students scoring below 70% on this project do not meet requirements and will have their project returned to be redone and resubmitted. STA 6113: Educational Statistics Project: Generation and Analysis of a Data Set Spring Semester, 2006 1. For this investigation, you will need to develop a data set upon which you will conduct a statistical analysis, present the findings in tables and graphs, and interpret your results. Your proposed data set should be described in writing and submitted for approval. (This data set may be an existing data set available to you or a new data set that you develop through administration of a questionnaire, test, etc.) This phase of your investigation should be completed by February 27 th. 2. Once you have identified the topic area of your investigation, you should develop background information on the topic. You must have a minimum of 10 different references. This information should be submitted in the form of an annotated bibliography (which includes the bibliographic citation and several short statements about this reference as it refers to your particular investigation) by March 20 th. 3. Conducting your statistical analysis, first construct appropriate tables and graphs to illustrate your data set and conclusions. This you should have completed and available for review by April 3 rd. 4. Next, prepare your written account. Your report should include: (a) a title (descriptive of the study you have conducted), (b) an introduction to the problem (which should be referenced with the background information you gathered for your annotated bibliography), (c) a description of your data set, (d) tables and graphs depicting your data and findings, (e) descriptive and inferential statistics for the variables found in your data set, and (f) a discussion of the findings. The format of the report should be typed, double-spaced, and a minimum of 10 pages. This report should be completed and submitted by April 24 th. Be prepared to present an oral account of your data set, analysis, and findings to the class. STA 6113: Educational Statistics, Spring 2006 06/21/06 Page 3 of 6
PROJECT: Generation and Analysis of a Data Set Rating Guide: 3 => Good; 2 => Fair; 1 => Weak; 0 => Missing, or Less Than What is Acceptable Characteristic Assessed Rating Introduction Background/Rationale 3 2 1 0 Appropriateness of References 3 2 1 0 Use of Documentation (references) 3 2 1 0 Purpose of the Study 3 2 1 0 Data Set Description 3 2 1 0 Appropriateness for the Study 3 2 1 0 Quantity/Quality of Data Set Compared to Entire Class 3 2 1 0 Results Use of Tables/Graphs 3 2 1 0 Use of Descriptive Statistics 3 2 1 0 Use of Inferential Statistics 3 2 1 0 Discussion Presentation of Findings 3 2 1 0 Discussion of Findings 3 2 1 0 Overall Evaluation Organization/Completeness/Closure 3 2 1 0 APA Format 3 2 1 0 Writing Style (grammar, spelling) 3 2 1 0 Meeting Deadlines 5 points on time, 3 points one week late Feb. 27 Data Set Defined Mar. 20 Annotated Bibliography Apr. 3 Tables/Graphs for Review Total Points Earned: / 60 Points Possible STA 6113: Educational Statistics, Spring 2006 06/21/06 Page 4 of 6
Content Outline Class Meeting Topic(s) Textbook Reading(s) Week 1 Introduction, Tables, Graphs, Averages Chap. 1, 4, 2 Week 2 Variability, Standard Scores, Normal Curve Chap. 3, 7 Week 3 Correlation Chap. 5 Week 4 Sampling, Inference, Error Chap. 6 Week 5 One Mean Hypothesis Test Chap. 8 Week 6 Test 1, Computer Applications Week 7 One Correlation Hypothesis Test Chap. 13 Week 8 Two Means Hypothesis Test (for Indep. & Dep. Samples) Chap. 9, 10 Week 9 Two Var. Hyp. Test (for Indep. Samples), Effect Size Chap. 9 Week 10 Chi-square Goodness of Fit, Chi-square Test of Independence Chap. 15 Week 11 One-way ANOVA, Multiple Comparisons Test Chap. 11 Week 12 Test 2, Computer Applications Week 13 Factorial (Two-Way) ANOVA Chap. 12 Week 14 Simple and Multiple Regression Chap. 14 Week 15 Week 16 ANOVA and Regression Review Test 3: Final Exam Assessment Procedures/Grading Criteria Assessment Points Final Grades based on Total Points_ Class Activities 10% A 186-200 C 146-153 Test 1, 2, 3 40% A- 180-185 C- 140-145 Homework 50% B+ 174-179 D+ 134-139 B 166-173 D 126-133 Total Points 100% B- 160-165 D- 120-125 C+ 154-159 F 0-119 STA 6113: Educational Statistics, Spring 2006 06/21/06 Page 5 of 6
Attendance Policy According to Florida Atlantic University policy, Students are expected to attend all of their scheduled University Classes and to satisfy all academic objectives as outlined by the instructor. Attendance includes meaningful, active involvement in all class sessions, class discussions, and class activities as well as professional conduct in class. Every member of this class is an integral part of the group. As such, it is important to attend each class session on time. Students are requested to notify the professor if they will be arriving late to class or missing class. Students missing class are still responsible for all materials covered in that class. And please, cell phones must be turned off during class. Accommodation for Disabilities Reasonable accommodations will be made for students with disabilities. The purpose of the Office for Students with Disabilities is to provide reasonable accommodations to students with disabilities. If you need any disability-related classroom accommodations or support services, please discuss these with me, at your convenience, and in privacy-or anonymity if you like--so that I can help you. Academic Integrity Each of us will publicly and privately uphold the ethical standards of our profession. Any evidence of plagiarism submitted in course assignments will be dealt with harshly with a failing grade for the course and a recommendation to university officials for the expulsion of the offender. STA 6113: Educational Statistics, Spring 2006 06/21/06 Page 6 of 6