9/9/15 Aim #1: How does the scientific method provide a plan for scientific inquiry? H.W. Can you spot the scientific method-ws due Thursday Sep 15 9:22 AM 9/16/15 Aim #1: How does the scientific method provide a plan for scientific inquiry? H.W. Aim # 1 Quiz moved to Tuesday Work on study guide to prepare. Sep 15 9:22 AM 1
1. How do scientists develop ideas for study or experiments? Observations ask a question/ -quantitative (measurements) ex. Flag has 50 stars qualitative (descriptions) ex. colors, shapes, etc. state a problem State the Problem Ask a question about something you observe Must be testable/measurable Sep 8 10:55 AM 2. Observations vs. Inferences 5 senses to notice our surroundings (facts) prediction based on our observations Identify the following observations (O) vs. Inferences (I): 1. Grape juice causes stains on white fabric. 2. The height of a plant is 21.3 cm. 3. Plant food makes plants grow taller. 4. A chemical reaction produces 5.1 ml of Carbon dioxide in minutes at 20 C. 5. Heat speeds up chemical reactions. 6. A solution that is labeled copper sulfate is blue. 7. The temperature of the water in the pond is 17 C. 8. Pollution causes global warming. Sep 8 10:56 AM 2
Observations Inferences Sep 12 8:03 AM Write an observation and an inference for each of the pictures below: 1 4 2 5 3 Sep 12 8:03 AM 3
3. HYPOTHESIS: An educated guess "If (independent variable), then (dependent variable)" "If (I make this change), then (I will expect this outcome)" *Write a hypothesis for the following problem: Does colored light affect plant growth? Sep 16 9:05 AM 4. Experiment/Collect Data How do we design a CONTROLLED EXPERIMENT? Data: Record and Tools *Why do we use tools? Ex. How are data tables, charts, and graphs useful? Control Part of the experiment that is not being tested and is used for comparison. No Change Variables Part of the experiment that can change (vary) Change Independent (Manipulated) What you change example: Dependent (Responding) What you measure (what s affected by changes to the independent variable) example: Constants (Controlled variables) Variables that need to stay the same so they don t affect the results examples: Sep 15 9:26 AM 4
Sep 18 1:28 PM 5. Draw a Conclusion Analyze data and results to see if hypothesis is supported/refuted Sources of error Importance of experiment Future studies Etc. *Why is a conclusion an important step in the scientific method? Sep 8 11:47 AM 5
Ex. 1. Problem: 2. Research/Observations: 3. Hypothesis: 4. Experiment/Collect Data Procedure: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. * How many trials would you do? Why? 5. Conclusion Is your hypothesis supported/refuted? What should you do if your hypothesis is not supported? Sep 12 8:02 AM Different Versions Sep 4 3:18 PM 6
#1 Scientific Method Notes Theory vs. Law Sep 4 3:20 PM SpongeBob and his Bikini Bottom pals have been busy doing a little research. Read the description for each experiment and answer the questions. 1 Patty Power Mr. Krabbs wants to make Bikini Bottoms a nicer place to live. He has created a new sauce that he thinks will reduce the production of body gas associated with eating crabby patties from the Krusty Krab. He recruits 100 customers with a history of gas problems. He has 50 of them (Group A) eat crabby patties with the new sauce. The other 50 (Group B) eat crabby patties with sauce that looks just like new sauce but is really just mixture of mayonnaise and food coloring. Both groups were told that they were getting the sauce that would reduce gas production. Two hours after eating the crabby patties, 30 customers in group A reported having fewer gas problems and 8 customers in group B reported having fewer gas problems. 1. Which people are in the control group? 2. What is the independent variable? 3. What is the dependent variable? 4. What should Mr. Krabs conclusion be? 5. Why do you think 8 people in group B reported feeling better? Sep 19 11:15 AM 7
2 Slimotosis Sponge Bob notices that his pal Gary is suffering from slimotosis, which occurs when the shell develops a nasty slime and gives off a horrible odor. His friend Patrick tells him that rubbing seaweed on the shell is the perfect cure, while Sandy says that drinking Dr. Kelp will be a better cure. Sponge Bob decides to test this cure by rubbing Gary with seaweed for 1 week and having him drink Dr. Kelp. After a week of treatment, the slime is gone and Gary s shell smells better. 6. What was the initial observation? 7. What is the independent variable? 8. What is the dependent variable? 9. What should Sponge Bob s conclusion be? Sep 19 11:15 AM 3 Marshmallow Muscles Larry was told that a certain muscle cream was the newest best thing on the market and claims to double a person s muscle power when used as part of a muscle building workout. Interested in this product, he buys the special muscle cream and recruits Patrick and Sponge Bob to help him with an experiment. Larry develops a special marshmallow weight lifting program for Patrick and Sponge Bob. He meets with them once every day for a period of 2 weeks and keeps track of their results. Before each session Patrick s arms and back are lathered in the muscle cream, while Sponge Bob s arms and back are lathered with the regular lotion. 10. Which person is in the control group? 11. What is the independent variable? 12. What is the dependent variable? 13. What should Larry s conclusion be? Sep 14 8:09 AM 8
4 Microwave Miracle Patrick believes that fish that eat food exposed to microwaves will become smarter and would be able to swim through a maze faster. He decides to perform an experiment by placing fish food in a microwave for 20 seconds. He has the fish swim through a maze and records the time it takes for each one to make it to the end. He feeds the special food to 10 fish and gives regular food to 10 others. After 1 week, he has the fish swim through the maze again and records the times for each. 14. What was Patrick s hypothesis? 15. Which fish are in the control group? 16. What is the independent variable? 17. What is the dependent variable? 18. Look at the results in the charts. What should Patrick s conclusion be? Sep 14 8:09 AM Sponge Bob and his Bikini Bottom pals have continued doing a little research to solve some problems. Read the description for each experiment and answer the questions. Krusty Krabs Breath Mints Mr. Krabs created a secret ingredient for a breath mint that he thinks will cure the bad breath people get from eating crabby patties at the Krusty Krab. He asked 100 customers with a history of bad breath to try his new breath mint. He had fifty customers (Group A) eat a breath mint after they finished eating a crabby patty. The other fifty (Group B) also received a breath mint after they finished the sandwich, however, it was just a regular breath mint and did not have the secret ingredient. Both groups were told that they were getting the breath mint that would cure their bad breath. Two hours after eating the crabby patties, thirty customers in Group A and ten customers in Group B reported having better breath than they normally had after eating crabby patties. 1. Which people are in the control group? 2. What is the independent variable? 3. What is the dependent variable? 4. What should Mr. Krabs conclusion be? 5. Why do you think 10 people in group B reported fresher breath? Sep 8 2:53 PM 9
SpongeBob Clean Pants Sponge Bob noticed that his favorite pants were not as clean as they used to be. His friend Sandy told him that he should try using Clean O detergent, a new brand of laundry soap she found at Sail Mart. Sponge Bob made sure to wash one pair of pants in plain water and another pair in water with the Clean O detergent. After washing both pairs of pants a total of three times, the pants washed in the Clean O detergent did not appear to be any cleaner than the pants washed in plain water. 6. What was the problem Sponge Bob wanted to investigate? 7. What is the independent variable? 8. What is the dependent variable? 9. What should Sponge Bob s conclusion be? Sep 8 2:54 PM Squidward s Symphony Squidward loves playing his clarinet and believes it attracts more jellyfish than any other instrument he has played. In order to test his hypothesis, Squidward played a song on his clarinet for a total of 5 minutes and counted the number of jellyfish he saw in his front yard. He played the song a total of 3 times on his clarinet and repeated the experiment using a flute and a guitar. He also recorded the number of jellyfish he observed when he was not playing an instrument. The results are shown in the chart. 10. What is the independent variable? 11. What is the dependent variable? 12. What should Squidward s conclusion be? 13. Are the results reliable? Why or why not? Sep 8 2:56 PM 10
Super Bubbles Patrick and SpongeBob love to blow bubbles! Patrick found some SuperBubble Soap at Sail Mart. The ads claim that Super Bubble Soap will produce bubbles that are twice as big as bubbles made with regular bubble soap. Patrick and SpongeBob made up two samples of bubble solution. One sample was made with 5 oz. of Super Bubble Soap and 5 oz. of water, while the other was made with the same amount of water and 5 oz. of regular bubble soap. Patrick and SpongeBob used their favorite bubble wands to blow 10 different bubbles and did their best to measure the diameter of each one. The results are shown in the chart 14. What did the Super Bubble ads claim? 15. What is the independent variable? 16. What is the dependent variable? 17. Look at the results in the chart. a. Calculate the average diameter for each bubble solution. Super Bubble = cm Regular Soap = cm b. What should their conclusion be? 18. Are the results reliable? Why or why not? Sep 8 2:57 PM 11