Session 1 Phonics Basics 26 Letters and Sounds Consonants and Vowels

Session 1 Phonics Basics 26 Letters and Sounds s and s 1

Letter Name and Sounds - Basic Concepts Chart Each Alphabet/Letter has a Name and a Sound (example: F and Fox) There are 26 letters in the English alphabet but there are 44 letter sounds (phonemes) which means one letter can make more than 1 sound. 16 out of 26 Alphabets always make the same sound : B D F H J K L M N P Q R T V X Z Challenged Letter L a light and dark sound Letters with a whisper/unvoiced sound: F H K P T X 5 Regular s/power Letters: A E I O U (other than these 5, all others are consonants. W and Y act like vowels sometimes) Each of the vowels makes 2 sounds long sound like their Name and a short sound examples: Ate and Apple or Mate and Mat Ate/Mate (letter Aa makes the long name sound) Apple/Mat (letter Aa makes the short sound) The 5 dancing consonants: I call these 5 the dancing consonants, because they change their sound regularly. C G S W Y C is the only letter in the English alphabet which has no sound of its own. C sometimes copies K and sometimes S 2 Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved.

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter A Aa The /a/ sound Makes 2 sounds apple Long /a/ sound like the letter name A Short /a/ sounds like ah First Begin with the short /a/ sound with the kids. ace Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 3

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter B Bb The /b/ sound Always makes same sound Short and quick sound bat X Quick puff of air pushed through the mouth /b/ denotes buh sound but the uh sound is not stretched It should not sound like buhhhhhh ball Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 4

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter C Copy /k/ sound The /c/ sound Cc Sometimes copies letter /k/ sound, sometimes letter /s/ sound cat /c/ denotes cuh sound but the uh sound is not stretched it sounds like /k/ *dancing consonant Letter c followed by e, i or y makes /s/ sound, if letter c is used with any other letter other than these 3, it makes /k/sound ** try Cancel First begin with the cuh/k sound with the kids. Copy /s/ sound cent Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 5

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter D Dd The /d/ sound Always makes same sound Short and quick sound dog X Quick puff of air pushed through the mouth /d/ denotes duh sound but the uh sound is not stretched It should not sound like duhhhhhh, its Bed, not beduuhh doll Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 6

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter E Ee The /e/ sound Makes 2 sounds elephant Long /e/ sound like the letter name E Short /e/ sounds like eh First Begin with the short /e/ sound with the kids. eel Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 7

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter F Ff The /f/ sound Always makes same sound Whispering sound frog Slightly touch your lower teeth to your upper lip and a air is gently pushed through the opening Emphasize /f/ sound by stretching it out slightly /fff/ fish Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 8

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter G hard /g/ sound Gg The /g/ sound Sometimes makes /g/ sound also called the hard /g/ sounds, and sometimes letter /j/ sound /g/ sound is Short and quick sound goat /g/ denotes guh sound but the uh sound is not stretched *dancing consonant Letter g followed by e, i or y sometimes makes /j/ sound (Not a hard rule gem vs. get) First begin with the guh/g/ sound with the kids. Copy /j/ sound Giraffe Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 9

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter H Hh The /h/ sound Always makes same sound Whispering sound horse Passing air through the opening of the mouth /h/sound is sometimes written as /huh/ sound, but do not sound out the uh sound hat Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 10

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter I Ii The /i/ sound Makes 2 sounds Long /i/ sound like the letter name I igloo Short /i/ sounds like ih To make the /ih/ sound the tongue touches behind the teeth Begin with the short /i/ sound with the kids. Ice cream Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 11

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter J Jj The /j/ sound Always makes same sound Short and quick sound jam /j/ denotes juh sound but the uh sound is not stretched Jingle bells Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 12

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter K Kk The /k/ sound Always makes same sound Whispering sound /k/ denotes kuh sound but the uh sound is not stretched kite /k/ sound is also made by letter c when it is used with letters except i, e and y. Exception to the rule Koala, Kangaroo, Kate For letter /k/ sound with letters i, k and y use letter k kangaroo * Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 13

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter L Ll The /l/ sound Light /l/ and dark /l/ sounds Emphasize /l/ sound by stretching it out slightly /lll/ ladder When letter l is before the vowel, it makes light l sound and when it is after a vowel it makes a dark l sound like rill Begin with the light /l/ sound with the kids. lion Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 14

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter M Mm The /m/ sound Always makes same sound Nasal sound air passes through the nose Pinch you nose monkey Slightly pressing the lips together and make the /mmm/ sound Stretch the sound slowly /mmm/ Moon Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 15

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter N Nn The /n/ sound Always makes same sound Nasal sound air passes through the nose. Pinch you nose nest Tounge raises to touch the roof of your mouth make the /nnn/ sound Newspaper Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 16

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter O Oo The /o/ sound Makes 2 sounds Long /o/ sound like the letter name O octopus Short /o/ sounds like awe (like awesome) To learn, you can stretch out the word /awwwwwe/ Begin with the short /o/ sound with the kids. oar Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 17

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter P Pp The /p/ sound Always makes same sound Whispering sound parrot Short and quick sound Quick puff of air pushed through the mouth /p/ denotes puh sound but the uh sound is not stretched pencil Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 18

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter Q Qq The /q/ sound Always makes same sound Words beginning with Q usually have QU queen Q and Qu sound is /koo/ Rare exceptions words beginning with Qi or words ending with q (like talaq make the /k/ sound) Quilt Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 19

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter R Rr The /r/ sound Always makes same sound Makes a /rrr/ sound rabbit X Does not make arrr or ruh sound ring Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 20

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter S Ss The /s/ sound Sometimes makes /s/ sound, sometimes makes /z/ sound and has additional digraph sounds. Whispering sound Mostly when the words begin with a S (not digraphs) then it s the base sound /sss/ snake *dancing consonant First begin with the base /sssss/ (stretch letter s ) sound with the kids. The /z/ sound is mostly when s is used in the end of the word (news) Both /s/ and /z/ sound in a word (sees) Sun Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 21

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter T Tt The /t/ sound Always makes same sound Whispering sound Short and quick sound turtle X Quick puff of air pushed through the mouth Makes a /ttt/ sound Does not make tuh sound and do not stretch the /ttttt/ sound teapot Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 22

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter U Uu The /u/ sound Makes 2 sounds Long /u/ sound like the letter name U Umbrella Short /u/ sounds like uh Quick /uh/ sound Begin with the short /u/ sound with the kids. Unicorn Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 23

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter V Vv The /v/ sound Always makes same sound Mqkes the /vvvvv/sound Quick puff of air pushed through the mouth van Top teeth touching your bottom lips (not like w important distinction) violin Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 24

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter W Ww The /w/ sound Makes a /woh/ or a /wuh/ sound Sometimes makes a voiceless/whispering sound like whisper watch Sometimes makes a /h/ sound like who *dancing consonant/ Sometimes acting vowel Sometimes is silent like two Acting vowel - When w is with another vowel and its in the end - usually a dipthong sound (ow, aw) Start with the basic /w/ sound wand Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 25

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter X /k/and/s/ sound Xx The /x/ sound Mostly makes same sound Whispering sound xray Combination of /k/ and /s/ sound Rarely it makes a /z/ sound like xylophone or xerox Copy /z/ sound Start with the /k//s/ sound first xylophone Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 26

Letter Name and Sounds - Letter Y Yy The /y/ sound Letter Y makes a consonant sound or as a vowel it makes 4 sounds When Y is the beginning letter, it makes the consonant sound /y/ The exceptions when Y is the beginning vowel is Yves(eve) or elements in periodic table yarn *dancing consonant/ Sometimes acting vowel When Y vowel is in the middle like rhythm it makes the /ih/ sound When Y vowel is in the end of one syllable word like by it makes long /i/ sound When Y vowel is in the end of long word like story it makes long /ee/ sound Dipthongs with y like oy make a different sound Start with the basic /y/ sound with kids yak Copyright Your Learning Capsules.com. All rights reserved. 27