Dual VET System in Austria: Prospects, target groups, outcomes Roland Löffler Austrian Institute of Research on Vocational Training Österreichisches Institut für Berufsbildungsforschung (öibf) Learning Exchange: Apprenticeship Systems November 7th, 2013, Federal Ministry of Labour, Social Affairs and Consumer Protection(Vienna)
Austrian Institute of Research on Vocational Training Founded in 1970 A leading Institute for Research on Vocational Training Research and development in order to support and promote activities and policies concerning VET High involvement in further development of Dual VET System Evaluations, Evidence-based policy, support decision-makers, Reports 2
HE - Universities of applied Sciences IVET System - Dual VET System - Voc. Schools and Colleges - BRP: General higher education entrance (VET) Not in the System - Master -Qualification - Adult Education incl. Labour Market-training 3
Characteristics of ivet in Austria Early occupational decision at the age of 14/15 years High significance of ivet at upper secondary level (approx. 80%) Apprenticeship training ( Lehrausbildung ): 38% VET schools ( Berufsbildende Mittlere Schule ): 12% VET colleges ( Berufsbildende Höhere Schule ): 24% strong involvement of the social partners in planning and implementation of apprenticeship-training 4
The Austrian apprenticeship system (1) Two places of learning: work-based learning (enterprise): 80% focus: job-specific knowledge and skills school-based learning (part-time vocational school): 20% focus: basic subject-related theory and general education school-based part of training: public funds (mix of federal and regional) After 9 years of compulsory school Apprenticeship-leave exam (practical skills and abilities): The apprenticeship-leave exam is taken in front of board of professional experts. The focus of this exam is on the competences required for the respective profession (simulation of day to day tasks). Focus on Initial Vocational Education and Training (15-20 yrs.) 5
The Austrian apprenticeship system (2) Apprenticeship contract between company and apprentice: The apprentice is employed and in a training relationship with his or her training company and a (compulsory) student at a part-time vocational school at the same time Employment relationship (approx. 80% income of skilled worker in last year) Legal framework: Vocational Education and Training Act Training regulation for each apprenticeship trade 6
Governance of Dual VET System Federal Level Provincial Level Work-based learning Federal ministry of Economy Federal Advisory Board on Apprenticeship (Social Partners) Apprenticeship Offices Provincial Advisory Board on Apprenticeship (Social Partners) School-based learning Federal ministry of Education Regional school inspectors Federal provinces Local Level Federal governors Company, Trainer Apprentice Part-time vocational school, Teacher 7
Apprenticeship Training - Strengths keeping up a tradition (culture) of youth employment (low level of youth unemploment) no entry requirements except the age and also a socially recognized way for young people who do not want to attend full time school at upper secundary level Offering a work integrated learning process with a diploma not only recognized in the training company occupational profiles with high acceptance on the labor market smooth transition from VET to employment For the young people: income (apprenticeship remuneration increasing up to 80% of the salary of a skilled workers at the end of training) For companies: Skilled workers tailored for their own needs 8
Apprenticeship Training - Weaknesses very diverse sector and intransparency because of decentral developments (incl. quality assurance) strong gender segregation by occupation weak educational competencies of company trainers and examiners ongoing discussions on mutual crediting of learning outcomes between apprenticeship-training and full-time vocational schools Number of training places is strongly dependent on economic prosperity and regional gaps (High) failure rates and drop outs In good economic times, it is difficult to find or keep good teachers (for vocational schools), as wages in the economy are better then. 9
Apprenticeship Training Innovations (1) Integrative VET Target groups: Leavers of special needs schools, youth who did not acquire any qualification at lower secondary level or obtained a negative assessment in the final exam, People with disabilities, People who are not suitable to be placed into a regular apprenticeship Tailored types: Acquisition of partial qualifications duration: 1 to 3 years Prolongation of the training programme by 1 or up to 2 years approx. 6.000 (4,6%) apprentices Independent training workshops: (funded by money from active labor market policy) leading to the same qualification for those who can not find a training place in a company - Vocational Placement Guarantee (i.e. Youth guarantee) provides IVET for all youths up to 18 ( supracompany apprenticeship training ) approx. 10.000 (7,6 %) apprentices 10
Apprenticeship Training Innovations (2) BRP special university entrance examination for graduates of vocational training (general entrance not only restricted to field of training (in adult education or accompanying the training) approx. 10.000 (7,6 %) apprentices Modularization of occupational profiles 11
Apprenticeship Training numbers (1) approx. 210 different occupational profiles national standards mostly 3 years of training nearly all branches (except health and social services) 121.280 young people in training starting age: 16,4 years old (averag.) 35.000 training companies (13,3% of all companies) All data for 2012 12
Apprenticeship Training numbers (2) Pupils of the 9th Form (secundary education II): VET Colleges VET schools general secondary school Polytechnical School Source: Statistik Austria, Bildung in Zahlen 2011/12 13
Apprenticeship Training numbers (3) Austria (89.289) Germany (1.058) Turkey (1.456) Former Yugoslavia (3.716) Other states (3.988) Pupils of the 9th Form (secundary education II), nationalities VET Colleges VET schools (no level A-exam) general secondary school Polytechnical School Source: Statistik Austria, Bildung in Zahlen 2011/12 14
Apprenticeship Training numbers (4) Transition from the school system in an apprenticeship 2012 Source: WKO, Lehrlingsstatistik 15
Apprenticeship Training numbers (5) Apprentices and Graduates, Nationalities, 2012, 2009 Source: WKO, Lehrlingsstatistik (apprentices), AMS/BMASK: Wohin nach der Ausbildung? Bildungsbezogenes Erwerbskarrierenmonitoring 2012 Apprentices 2012 Apprentices 2009 Graduates 2009 Nationality Austria 90,64% 91,47% 95,00% Non-Austrians 9,40% 8,50% 5,00% Turkey 2,92% 2,30% - Germany 2,76% 2,98% - Bosnia 0,79% 0,68% - Serbia/Montenegro 0,76% 0,93% - Croatia 0,30% 0,36% - Switzerland 0,26% 0,22% - Slovenia 0,14% 0,02% - Italy 0,09% 0,09% - Other nationalities 1,34% 0,93% - 16
Apprenticeship Training numbers (6) Training readiness and Employment share (2012) Proportion of training enterprises of all enterprises and proportion of apprenticeships of all fully insured jobs Education including educational institutions providing supra-company apprenticeships Source: P. Gregoritsch et.al: Lehrlingsausbildung: Angebot und Nachfrage. Wien: AMS 2013 17
Apprenticeship Training numbers (7) Young People (15-19): People of working age, labour force, apprentices (2012) Labour Force: People, who have been employed or unemployed at least once during the year Source: P. Gregoritsch et.al: Lehrlingsausbildung: Angebot und Nachfrage. Wien: AMS 2013 18
Apprenticeship Training numbers (8) Apprenticeship-leave exam, 2012 Source: WKO, Lehrlingsstatistik 2012 total number % all exams 58.034 100,0% passed exams 47.635 82,1% failed exams 10.399 17,9% 19
Apprenticeship Training numbers (9) Most common apprenticeships, 2012 Source: P. Gregoritsch et.al: Lehrlingsausbildung: Angebot und Nachfrage. Wien: AMS 2013 Total number Share Total number Share Girls 43.134 100,0% Boys 82.094 100,0% Retail trade 10.964 25,4% Metal Technology 11.212 13,7% Office clerk 5.273 12,2% Electrical engineer 8.852 10,8% Hairdresser, stylist 4.424 10,3% Car mechanics 7.837 9,5% Restaurant Specialist 1.659 3,8% Plumbing 4.897 6,0% Cook 1.600 3,7% Retail trade 4.887 6,0% Catering specialist 1.204 2,8% Carpenter 3.639 4,4% Pharmaceutical-commercial assistant 1.190 2,8% Cook 3.055 3,7% Hotel and Hospitality Assistant 1.164 2,7% Bricklayer 2.967 3,6% Administrative Assistant 1.049 2,4% Painting and Coating Technician 1.912 2,3% Wholesale trade 783 1,8% Mechatronics 1.662 2,0% 20
Apprenticeship Training numbers (10) Transition from apprenticeship to employment: Duration Source: AMS/BMASK: Wohin nach der Ausbildung? Bildungsbezogenes Erwerbskarrierenmonitoring 2012 21
Apprenticeship Training numbers (11) Transition from apprenticeship to employment within 3 months, sectors Source: AMS/BMASK: Wohin nach der Ausbildung? Bildungsbezogenes Erwerbskarrierenmonitoring 2012 Medical services Financial and insurance services Retail and wholesale trade Office clerks Hairdresser and cosmetics Chemistry, chemical engineering and food products Agriculture Wood, paper, plastic, glass processing and forestry Tourism and Catering Construction Electronics and Automation Engineering and engineering trades Automotive industries Electricity and energy Industrial machinery and metal processing 22
Apprenticeship Training numbers (12) Share of initial earnings of 1.800,-minimumper month Source: AMS/BMASK: Wohin nach der Ausbildung? Bildungsbezogenes Erwerbskarrierenmonitoring 2012 Engineering and engineering trades Electricity and energy Industrial machinery and metal processing Electronics and Automation Automotive industries Construction Financial and insurance services Chemistry, chemical engineering and food products Agriculture Wood, paper, plastic, glass processing and forestry Medical services Office clerks Tourism and Catering Retail and wholesale trade Hairdresser and cosmetics 23
Apprenticeship Training numbers (13) Unemployment by level of education, 1994-2011 Source: Source: Statistik Austria, Bildung in Zahlen 2011/12 Compulsory education Total General secondary school and VET Colleges Apprenticeship VET schools (no level-a exam) University 24
Apprenticeship Training numbers (14) Youth Unemployment by level of education, 2011 Source: Source: Statistik Austria, Bildung in Zahlen 2011/12 Compulsory education Apprenticeship VET schools (no level-a exam) General secondary school and VET Colleges Total Total Male Female 25
Apprenticeship Training numbers (15) Gross income per year, 2011 (employees from 16 years upwards) Source: Source: Statistik Austria, EU-SILC 2011 Compulsory education Apprenticeship/VET schools (no level-a exam) General secondary school and VET Colleges University Total Total Male Female 26
Apprenticeship Training numbers (16) Poverty risk and education levels, 2011 (employees from 16 years upwards) Source: Source: Statistik Austria, EU-SILC 2011 Compulsory education Apprenticeship/VET schools (no level-a exam) General secondary school and VET Colleges University Total Total Male Female 27
Main Challenges Demographic trend Fostering attractiveness of apprenticeship Current discussions: Improving quality Introduction of competency-based training regulations 28
Some lessons Quality as a main factor for increasing attractiveness Well-matched types of IVET Flexibility for using all potentials of Youth High involvement of Social Partners BUT: Dual VET system no holy grail for overcome Youth Unemployment 29
Contact Roland Löffler, BA Project manager Email: roland.loeffler@oeibf.at, Web: www.oeibf.at Phone: +43 1 310 33 34 20 Austrian Institute for Research on Vocational Training Österreichisches Institut für Berufsbildungsforschung Margaretenstraße 166/2, 1050 Wien 30