The Starting Point Published prices have been rising rapidly. Increases in federal grant aid and tax benefits have cushioned price increases but led to concerns about federal spending. Concerns about student debt are mounting. Is anything changing?
Percentage Change in Inflation-Adjusted Mean Family Income by Quintile, 1982 1992, 1992 2002, and 2002 2012 Year Lowest 20% Second 20% Third 20% Fourth 20% Highest 20% Top 5 % 2012 $15,534 $38,184 $62,464 $95,474 $202,559 $352,338 2011 $15,601 $38,341 $62,307 $95,180 $202,067 $351,728 2010 $15,715 $38,871 $63,355 $96,659 $197,055 $329,487 SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2013, Figure 20A.
Average Published Charges for Full-Time Undergraduates by Type and Control of Institution, 2013-14 (Enrollment-Weighted) Tuition and Fees Room and Board Total Charges Sector 2013-14 2012-13 $ Change % Change 2013-14 2012-13 $ Change % Change 2013-14 2012-13 $ Change % Change Public Two- Year In-State Public Four- Year In-State Public Four- Year Out-of- State Private Nonprofit Four-Year $3,264 $3,154 $110 3.5% $7,466 $7,342 $124 1.7% $10,730 $10,496 $234 2.2% $8,893 $8,646 $247 2.9% $9,498 $9,171 $327 3.6% $18,391 $17,817 $574 3.2% $22,203 $21,533 $670 3.1% $9,498 $9,171 $327 3.6% $31,701 $30,704 $997 3.2% $30,094 $28,989 $1,105 3.8% $10,823 $10,458 $365 3.5% $40,917 $39,447 $1,470 3.7% For-Profit $15,130 $15,060 $70 0.5% Sample too small to provide meaning information. SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2013, Table 1A.
Average Annual Percentage Increases in Inflation-Adjusted Published Prices by Decade, 1983-84 to 2013-14 SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2013, Figure 4.
Published In-State Tuition and Fees, Net Tuition and Fees, and Room and Board in 2013 Dollars, Full-Time Undergraduate Students at Public Institutions, 2003-04 to 2013-14, Selected Years SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2013, Figure 10.
Published Tuition and Fees, Net Tuition and Fees, and Room and Board in 2013 Dollars, Full-Time Undergraduate Students at Private Nonprofit Four-Year Institutions, 1993-94 to 2013-14, Selected Years SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2013, Figure 11.
Number of Pell Recipients, Total Inflation-Adjusted Expenditures, and Maximum and Average Pell Grant Relative to the 1976-77 Level, 1976-77 to 2012-13 SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013, Figure 13A. 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Total Pell Expenditures (Constant Dollars) 6.33 5.75 5.45 Number of Recipients 4.79 4.86 4.55
Total Education Tax Credits and Deductions in 2012 Dollars, 1998 to 2011 (and Average Tax Savings per Recipient) SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013, Figure 16A.
Averages hide the realities for many students.
Distribution of Full-Time Undergraduates at Four-Year Institutions by Published Tuition and Fees, 2013-14 SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2013, Figure 2.
Net Tuition and Fees, Net Room and Board and Other Costs, and Total Grant Aid in 2011 Dollars by Family Income, Full-Time Dependent Students at Public Four-Year Institutions, 1999-2000, 2003-04, 2007-08, and 2011-12 2011-12 Family Income Quartile 2011-12 Lowest 2nd 3rd Highest Net TF $0 $2,105 $6,512 $8,071 Net RB & Other Costs $11,755 $13,028 $13,250 $13,669 SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2013, Figure 12. Grant Aid Total COA $9,835 $6,667 $2,967 $2,576 $21,590 $21,800 $22,729 $24,316
Average 2013-14 In-State Tuition and Fees at Public Institutions, by State, and Five-Year Percentage Changes in Inflation-Adjusted Tuition and Fees, 2008-09 to 2013-14 SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2013, Figure 7.
State Grant Aid per Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Undergraduate Student in 2012 Dollars, 2011-12 SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013, Figure 18A.
Percentage of Undergraduate State Grant Aid for Which Students Financial Circumstances Were Considered, by State, 2011-12 SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013, Figure 17B.
State Funding
State Appropriations for Higher Education: Total Appropriations in 2012 Dollars (in Billions), Appropriations per Public FTE Student in 2012 Dollars (in Thousands), and Public FTE Enrollment (in Millions), 1982-83 to 2012-13 SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2013, Figure 14B. 2002-03 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 Decade Appropriations per FTE $8,764 $7,742 $7,488 $6,690 $6,646-24% Appropriations (Billions) $79.4 $83.2 $82.5 $73.2 $72.0-9%
Net Tuition Revenues, Subsidies, and Education and Related Expenditures per Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Student in 2010 Dollars at Public Institutions (and Percentage of Expenditures Covered by Net Tuition), 2000-01, 2005-06, and 2010-11 SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2013, Figure 17A.
State Appropriations for Higher Education per Full-Time Equivalent Student and per $1,000 in Personal Income, by State, 2012-13 SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing 2013, Figure 15B.
Changes in Student Aid
Total Undergraduate Student Aid in 2012 Dollars (in Millions), 1992-93 to 2012-13, Selected Years Total Federal Grants Total Federal Loans Education Tax Benefits 1992-93 1997-98 2002-03 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 Preliminary 2012-13 $13,462 $12,433 $19,482 $22,536 $25,842 $43,271 $50,840 $46,048 $45,228 $15,643 $30,273 $37,243 $48,242 $60,358 $72,067 $74,674 $73,036 $67,791 $1,830 $5,750 $6,120 $9,290 $14,540 $16,700 $16,880 $16,880 State Grants $3,301 $4,738 $7,183 $8,629 $8,642 $9,364 $9,484 $9,383 $9,592 Institutional Grants $10,270 $13,380 $17,240 $23,920 $25,090 $28,890 $31,810 $33,530 $34,890 TOTAL GRANTS $30,593 $34,281 $50,206 $62,894 $67,754 $90,065 $101,354 $98,591 $99,549 SOURCE: The College Board, trends.collegeboard.org, page 12.
Need-Based and Non-Need-Based State Grants per Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Undergraduate Student in 2012 Dollars, 1971-72 to 2011-12 SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013, Figure 17A.
Distribution of Full-Time Undergraduate Students at Public and Private Nonprofit Four-Year Colleges and Universities by Tuition and Fee Level, Dependency Status, and Family Income, 2007-08 SOURCE: The College Board, trends.collegeboard.org, page 30.
Student Debt
Growth of Federal and Nonfederal Loan Dollars in 2012 Dollars, 1992-93 to 2012-13, Selected Years SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013, Figure 6.
Total Number of Undergraduate and Graduate Federal Subsidized and Unsubsidized Student Loan Borrowers and Average Amount Borrowed in 2012 Dollars, 2002-03 to 2012-13 SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013, Figure 7B.
Distribution of Outstanding Education Debt Balances, 2012 Fourth Quarter SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013, Figure 11A.
Average Total Debt Levels of Bachelor s Degree Recipients, Public Four-Year Colleges and Universities in 2012 Dollars, 1999-2000 to 2011-12 SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013, Figure 10A.
Average Total Debt Levels of Bachelor s Degree Recipients, Private Nonprofit Four-Year Colleges and Universities in 2012 Dollars, 1999-2000 to 2011-12 SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013, Figure 10B.
Distribution of Outstanding Federal Direct Loan Dollars and Recipients by Repayment Plan, FY 2013 SOURCE: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid 2013, Figure 12A.
Where We Are College is expensive. There are no magic bullets. The investment pays off very well for most people. We need: appropriately targeted student aid adequate public funding better guidance for students Works in progress: institutional quality and efficiency student aid reform
For more information, visit: trends.collegeboard.org Sandy Baum, sbaum@gwu.edu Jennifer Ma, jma@collegeboard.org Kathleen Payea, kpayea@collegeboard.org