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UNIT 1 CHAPTER 1 The First Ohioans Unit Almanac Connect to The Nation... 2 Ohio s Ancient Past 4 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Predict and Infer...4 Core Water and Land...6 Extend Geography How Glaciers Shaped the Land..10 Core People Come to Ohio...12 Extend Primary Source Digging Into the Past...16 Map and Globe Skill Review Map Skills...18 Lesson 3 Core New Cultures in Ohio...20 Extend Technology Ancient Astronomers...24 Chapter 1 Review and Test Prep...26 Unit 1 Review Current Events Project...28

UNIT 2 CHAPTER 2 Exploration and Settlement 30 Unit Almanac Connect to Today... 32 Europeans Come to Ohio 34 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Monitor and Clarify...34 Core New Groups...36 Extend History Inside a Longhouse...40 Map and Globe Skill Use Latitude and Longitude...42 Core Trade and Conflict...44 Extend Primary Source Christopher Gist s Journal..48 Chapter 2 Review and Test Prep...50 CHAPTER 3 The Struggle Continues 52 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Summarize...52 Core The French and Indian War...54 Extend Geography Looking West...58 Core Revolution...60 Extend History Fort Laurens...64 Citizenship Skill Resolve Conflicts...66 Chapter 3 Review and Test Prep...68 Unit 2 Review Current Events Project...70

UNIT 3 CHAPTER 4 Growth and Expansion 72 Unit Almanac Connect to Today... 74 From Territory to Statehood 76 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Question...76 Core The Northwest Territory...78 Extend Literature Aurora Means Dawn...82 Reading and Thinking Skill Summarize...86 Lesson 3 Core Frontier Wars...88 Extend Primary Source The Treaty of Greenville...92 Core Statehood...94 Extend History Celebrating Statehood...98 Study Skill Identify Primary and Secondary Sources...100 Chapter 4 Review and Test Prep...102

CHAPTER 5 The New State 104 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Monitor and Clarify...104 Core Ohio Grows...106 Extend Geography Railroad Fever!...112 Reading and Thinking Skill Distinguish Fact from Opinion..114 Lesson 3 Core Reform Movements...116 Extend History Seeking Freedom...122 Core The Civil War...124 Extend Biographies Women Who Made a Difference...128 Chapter 5 Review and Test Prep...130 Unit 3 Review Current Events Project...132

UNIT 4 CHAPTER 6 Changing Times 134 Unit Almanac Connect to Today... 136 Ohioans at Work 138 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Question...138 Core Industry and Immigration...140 Extend Economics An Entrepreneur at Work...146 Core Big Plans...148 Extend Technology The Wright Brothers...152 Reading and Thinking Skill Interpret Historical Images...154 Chapter 6 Review and Test Prep...156 CHAPTER 7 Modern Ohio 158 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Summarize...158 Lesson 3 Core The Early 1900s...160 Extend History Women Go to War...166 Core Postwar Ohio...168 Extend Reader s Theater A Walk on the Moon...172 Core Ohioans Today...176 Extend Literature Her Stories...180 Study Skill Use Reference Materials...184 Chapter 7 Review and Test Prep...186 x

CHAPTER 8 Government and Responsibilities 188 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Question...188 Core United States Government...190 Extend Biographies Ohio Presidents...194 Citizenship Skill Make Decisions...196 Lesson 3 Core Ohio s Government...198 Extend Readers Theater A Tour of the State Capitol...202 Core Your Role in Government...206 Extend Literature Beautiful Ohio...210 Study Skill Write a Report...212 Chapter 8 Review and Test Prep...214 Unit 4 Review Current Events Project...216

UNIT 5 CHAPTER 9 Ohio and the World 218 Unit Almanac Connect to The Nation... 220 Ohio and the Midwest 222 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Summarize...222 Core Land and Climate...224 Extend Geography The Mighty Mississippi...228 Citizenship Skill Understand Point of View...230 Core Resources and Economy...232 Extend Economics Supply and Demand...236 Chart and Graph Skill Read Pictographs...238 Chapter 9 Review and Test Prep...240 CHAPTER 10 Ohio and the Nation 242 Vocabulary Preview Reading Strategy: Monitor and Clarify...242 Core Many Regions, One Nation...244 Extend Citizenship Volunteers at Work...248 Study Skills Draw Conclusions...250 Core Working Together...252 Extend Citizenship Universal Human Rights...256 Chapter 10 Review and Test Prep...258 Unit 5 Review Current Events Project...260

References Citizenship Handbook Pledge of Allegiance...R2 Character Traits...R4 Ohio Counties...R6 Ohio Databank...R10 Ohio Governors...R12 Biographical Dictionary...R16 Resources Geographical Terms...R20 Atlas...R22 Gazetteer...R36 Glossary...R40 Index...R44 Acknowledgements...R52

Extend Lessons Connect the core lessons to an important concept and dig into it. Extend your social studies knowledge! Women Who Made a Difference 128 Ohio Presidents 194 How Glaciers Shape the Land 10 Looking West 58 Railroad Fever! 112 The Mighty Mississippi 228 A Walk on the Moon 172 A Tour of the State Capitol 202 Volunteers at Work 248 Universal Human Rights 256 Inside a Longhouse 40 Fort Laurens 64 Celebrating Statehood 98 Seeking Freedom 122 Women Go to War 166 Aurora Means Dawn by Scott Russell Sanders 82 Her Stories by Virginia Hamilton 180 Beautiful Ohio 210 An Entrepreneur at Work 146 Supply and Demand 236 Digging Into the Past 16 Christopher Gist s Journal 48 The Treaty of Greenville 92 Ancient Astronomers 24 The Wright Brothers 152

Skill Lessons Take a step-by-step approach to learning and practicing key social studies skills. Review Map Skills 18 Use Latitude and Longitude 42 Read a Pictograph 238 Summarize 86 Distinguish Fact from Opinion 114 Interpret Historical Images 154 Resolve Conflicts 66 Make Decisions 196 Understand Point of View 230 Identify Primary and Secondary Sources 100 Use Reference Materials 184 Write a Report 212 Draw Conclusions 250 Cause and Effect 36, 60, 78, 116, 140, 224 Sequence 20, 44, 54, 88 Categorize 176, 198 Compare and Contrast 12, 106 Main Idea and Details 6, 124, 148, 168, 206 Problem and Solution 160, 190, 252 Predict Outcomes 94 Draw Conclusions 244 Classify 232

Visual Learning Become skilled at reading visuals. Graphs, maps, and timelines help you put all of the information together. Ohio s Natural Features 2 Ohio s Regions 8 Ohio 18 The State of Ohio 27 Regions of Ohio 28 Ohio Country, 1768 32 French Exploration 37 Ohio 43 Ohio Latitude and Longitude 51 Land Claims, 1750 55 Land Claims, 1763 55 Proclamation Line, 1763 59 Schoenbrunn and Gnadenhutten 62 Ohio Cities 70 Ohio Canals and Railroads, 1855 74 Townships and Sections 79 The Northwest Territory 80 Forts in the Ohio Country 89 Greenville Treaty Line 92 Railroad Map of the United States, 1857 112 Free and Slave States and Territories 117 Ohio Resources and Products 136 Midwest Population Density 220 The Midwest 225 Midwest Farm Belts 233 United States Interstate Highways 245 United States Water 3 Ohio Population, 1763 1768 33 Ohio Population Today 33 Train Travel 75 Population of Ohio, 1820 1860 112 Ohio Resources, Late 1800s 137 Ohio Resources Today 137 Number and Size of Ohio Farms 170 Ohio s Population Growth 221 Midwest s Population Growth 221 Extreme Temperatures in the Midwest 226 Some Goods and Services from the Midwest 234 Supply of Popcorn 236 Demand of Popcorn 236 Dollars Earned from Mining, 2001 239 Countries Receiving Aid from Doctors without Borders, 2000 260

Archaic Indian Tool Discoveries 14 Great Serpent Mound 24 American Indian Homes 38 Inside a Longhouse 40 Latitude 42 Longitude 42 Resolve Conflicts 66 Battle of Fallen Timbers 90 Underground Railroad Code Words 118 Some Liberties Protected by the Bill of Rights 192 Ohio Branches of Government 199 Lake Effect Snow 226 The Mighty Mississippi 228 Supply and Demand 237 Draw Conclusions 250 Unit Preview Timelines 2, 32, 74, 136 Chapter Preview Timelines 4, 34, 52, 76, 104, 138, 158 Lesson Timelines 12, 20, 36, 44, 54, 60, 78, 88, 94, 106, 116, 124, 140, 148, 160, 168 Lesson Review Timelines 15, 23, 39, 47, 57, 63, 81, 91, 97, 111, 121, 127, 145, 151, 165, 171 Chapter Review Timelines 27, 51, 69, 103, 131, 157, 187