Convicts and Other British colonisers HSIE/SOSE Connections British Colonisation Text Type Recount Text Organisation Chronological order Teaching Note This text would read well after Captain Cook and Other Explorers. Text Synopsis This historical text describes the early settlement of Australia, from the arrival of the convicts and marines with the First Fleet in 1788, to the last convict ship in 1868. It describes chronologically the expanding colony and the effects of settlement on the Aboriginal people, and gives information on the early governors and their achievements. Overall Learning Opportunities Extend vocabulary Interpret and respond to a text and justify interpretation Explore the use of chronological order in historical text Summarise information in a time line format Recall information from the text using memory triggers Activity Menu Guided Reading, pages 2 and 3 Students are matched to text and grouped for like-learning needs. The teacher introduces the book with preliminary discussion, then guides the students through a preview of the pictures and graphics. After independent reading, students revisit the text for subsequent discussion. As a Group, page 4 Time Line Students arrange events in the text on a time line. Who Am I? Students write clues about people in the text for the class to guess. Independent Work, pages 5 and 6 BLM 1 Students place events in the text into chronological order. BLM 2 Students write definitions for words in the text and write their own paragraph using the words. Mac Australia Teacher s Guide Middle - 9780732989934, copyright Macmillan Education Australia. 1
Guided Reading Learning Opportunities Make predictions about the text based on the title and contents page Interpret and respond to illustrations, captions and maps Discuss personal interpretation of the text Recall specific information from the text Discuss use of chronological order Book Orientation Show the students the cover of the book and read the title aloud. Encourage a discussion about what they already know about British colonisation. Ask: Who knows why Australia was colonised by the British? Who can tell me what a penal colony is? Have the students turn to the contents page to find out more about what is in the book. Ask: What do you think we are going to read about? Reading the Text Read the first chapter to the students while they follow their own text. Then lead them through the book by prompting with questions and comments about the illustrations and maps using the language structures and vocabulary from the text. Have the students look at the illustrations on pages 2 3. Ask: What was the name of the ship that Captain Cook used to explore the Pacific region? Who is boarding the ship headed for New South Wales? Turn to pages 4 5. Ask: When did the First Fleet arrive in Botany Bay? Turn to page 7. Say: Describe what is happening in the illustration. Why do you think the caption says an artist s impression? Turn to pages 8 9. Ask: Where do you think the convicts lived in Sydney? The illustration on page 9 shows another early settlement. Where is it? Turn to pages 10 11. Ask: There were already people living in Australia when the British arrived. Who were they? Turn to pages 12 13. Say: This is a portrait of the first governor of the colony. What is his name? The picture on page 13 shows what happened to many convicts on their way to Sydney. Turn to page 14. Ask: What is happening in this picture? How do you think the convicts were treated? Turn to page 17. Ask: What were the names of the first settlements in Van Diemen s Land? Turn to pages 18 19. Ask: What are the convicts doing in this picture? 2 Mac Australia Teacher s Guide Middle - 9780732989934, copyright Macmillan Education Australia.
Guided Reading Vocabulary Some students may need help with the following words: colonisers convict corps governor independent indigenous lieutenant marines rationed resources settlement spiritual transportation Assessment Ideas While students read independently, monitor individual students. Do they: Use word identification skills? Slow down to find meaning? Re-read and self-correct? Sub-vocalise? Make substitutions or omissions to maintain meaning? Pause or repeat words? Turn to pages 20 21. Say: Van Diemen s Land became a separate colony in 1825. From the picture, why do you think free settlers wanted to go there? The portrait is of William Bligh, another governor of New South Wales. Turn to the picture on page 22 to find out what happened to him. Turn to page 24. Ask: Who found the Darling Downs and who settled there? Turn to page 26. Ask: What are the convicts doing in this picture? Turn to page 28. Say: In 1868, the last convict ship arrived in Fremantle. Why are the people in the illustration celebrating? Independent Reading Invite the students to read the text independently. While they are reading, observe and support selected students to monitor their ability to gain meaning from the text. After Reading Use the following open-ended prompts to engage the students in discussion. Ask: Who do you think the most important colonisers were? Which part of the book did you find the most interesting? How do you think the Aborigines felt when the First Fleet landed? The text is in chronological order. Why do you think it was written this way? To encourage recall of specific information, ask: Why was Britain looking for a new colony? (page 2) Where were the first settlements? (pages 6, 9) What caused the Aboriginal population to decline so quickly? (page 11) Name four early governors of New South Wales. (pages 12, 16, 21, 25) Why was the New South Wales Corps formed in Britain and sent to Australia? (page 15) Why were convicts sent to Van Diemen s Land? (page 17) What were penal stations and where were they? (page 18) Who was sent to female factories? (page 18) Why did the population in Van Diemen s Land grow quickly from 1817 1823? (page 20) Have the students complete BLM 2. Mac Australia Teacher s Guide Middle - 9780732989934, copyright Macmillan Education Australia. 3
As a Group Learning Opportunities Summarise text information in a time line format See the concept of chronological order in a visual format You Will Need Tape or chalk Flash cards Activity 1: Time Line Using tape or chalk, make a time line in a clear floor space or on the ground outside. Invite the students to skim the text for dates and write each date and the event that occured on that date on flash cards. When all the dates have been collected, students sort the cards into order on the time line. Reinforce that, being a historical recount, the text has been written in chronological order to give a sense of progression through time. Have students complete BLM 1 to reinforce chronological order. 1770 1780 1790 1800 1810 1820 1830 1840 1850 1860 1870 Learning Opportunities Locate information from the text using the index or contents page Test information recall abilities as a group You Will Need Flash cards Activity 2: Who Am I? Create flash cards with the following people written on them: Captain James Cook Governor Arthur Phillip Marines Convicts Lieutenant-Governor Philip King Aboriginal tribe New South Wales Corps Governor William Bligh Exclusives Emancipists Allan Cunningham Charlies Sturt Thomas Mitchell Governor Lachlan Macquarie Distribute the cards to the students, who can work in twos or threes. Have the students refer back to the book and write a Who am I? text for their person. For example: While I was governor, we began trading with India and China. I worked hard to clean up Sydney. Who am I? Encourage students to use the index or contents page to locate the information on their person. Have the students read out their Who am I? texts to the class, who will try to guess each person. Extension Students can write a diary entry from the perspective of a convict who has just arrived at the colony. 4 Mac Australia Teacher s Guide Middle - 9780732989934, copyright Macmillan Education Australia.
Chronological Order BLM 1 Name Referring back to the text, fill in the date that each event below occurred. Then cut the events into strips and arrange them in chronological order by pasting them onto another piece of paper in the order that they happened. 17 New South Wales Corps replaces marines to guard convicts. 18 Allan Cunningham finds the Darling Downs. 17 First Fleet arrives at Botany Bay. 17 Philip King starts a settlement on Norfolk Island. 18 Hume and Hovell discover Port Phillip Bay. 18 Norfolk Island becomes a penal station. 17 Governor Phillip begins a settlement at Rose Hill. 18 William Bligh becomes governor of New South Wales. 18 Convicts are no longer sent to New South Wales. 17 Second Fleet arrives in Sydney. 18 Gold rush starts. 17 Third Fleet arrives in Sydney. 17 Captain Cook arrives home in London. 18 Last ship of convicts arrives in Fremantle, Western Australia. 18 Governor King decides to start settlements on Van Diemen s Land. 17 Governor Phillip resigns and returns to England. Mac Australia Teacher s Guide Middle - 9780732989934, copyright Macmillan Education Australia. 5
Word Definitions BLM 2 Name Write a definition for each of the words below. You may need to use a dictionary for help. Then order the words alphabetically by giving each word a number from 1 to 12, with 1 being the word nearest the top of the alphabet. convicts transportation independent resources marines settlement colonisers rationed lieutenant governor indigenous corps Now write a paragraph using as many of the words above as you can. 6 Mac Australia Teacher s Guide Middle - 9780732989934, copyright Macmillan Education Australia.