Literacy Grammar & Punctuation Scope and Sequence grammar and punctuation scope and sequence - 0-
Children should be taught letter names and the common sounds those letters make. K/P Grammar and punctuation Exposure: Simple sentence subject and predicate talk about a sentence Spaces between words and sentences Full stops to end statements Capital letter to begin sentence Capitals for emphasis Question marks The child hit the ball. The dog ran down the road. The dog was barking. HAPPY BIRTHDAY! Can I come? Year 1 Grammar and punctuation Simple sentence subject and predicate talk about a sentence Noun Verb Article Spaces between words and sentences Full stops to end statements. Capital letter to begin sentence The child hit the ball. A word or phrase that names something Doing word, action or existence One of three words that are always used in the presence of a noun: a, an, the The dog ran down the road. The dog was barking. Capital letter or pronoun I Capital letter for proper nouns (names, days, months, places, streets) A question? Can I come too? Simple sentence expanding adding words to enhance meaning The dog s name was Jessie. I live in Geraldton. The balloon made a loud bang. An exclamation! (Exposure, talk about) Look out! What a mess! Plural s grammar and punctuation scope and sequence - 1-
Revise year 1 punctuation Year 2 Grammar and punctuation Sentences Compound sentences - two or more independent clauses that can both stand alone. Commas before conjunctions that join two independent clauses We went to the zoo and we saw a tiger. Simple My friend invited me to a party. I do not want to go. Compound My friend invited me to a party, but I do not want to go. Complex Although my friend invited me to a party, I do not want to go. Sentence expanding using adjectives Conjunctions The white, fluffy dog chased the little girl for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so, Capitals for emphasis STOP! HAPPY BIRTHDAY! Capital letters for acronyms Quotation marks direct speech WPS, QANTAS, She said Can I come too? An exclamation mark Look out! What a mess! Commas to separate items in a series. The items can be nouns, verbs, adjectives groups of words. Pronouns - he, she, me, I, him, her, my Proper nouns and common nouns The dress had yellow, pink, red and orange flowers. My Dad went to the shop. He bought some lollies. Geraldton, Perth, Sam Smith, The Prime Minister, Queens Park Theatre bed, table, dog, ball, beach, park Proof reading Check for words you are unsure of Check for capitals Check or full stops Simple editing Underline words you are unsure of Correct full stops Correct capitals Plural s Contractions Do not don t, I am I m grammar and punctuation scope and sequence - 2-
Year 3 Grammar and punctuation Revise year 1 and 2 grammar and punctuation Compound sentences - two or more independent clauses that can both stand alone. Commas before conjunctions that join two independent clauses We went to the zoo and we saw a tiger. Commas to separate items in a series. The items can be nouns, verbs, adjectives groups of words. Conjunctions Sentence expanding using adjectives Pronouns- he, she, me, I, him, her, them, they, myself, mine, Explain functions of adjectives, nouns, verbs and adverbs in sentences Adverbs Proper nouns and common nouns Tense Quotation marks direct speech Capital letters for acronyms (no dots) Apostrophes (contractions) Apostrophes to show ownership Simple My friend invited me to a party. I do not want to go. Compound My friend invited me to a party, but I do not want to go. Complex Although my friend invited me to a party, I do not want to go. The dress had yellow, pink, red and orange flowers. for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so, The white, fluffy dog chased the little girl My Dad went to the shop. He bought some lollies. The large bird flew gracefully Crabs are known for walking sideways. The waves came in quickly over the rocks. Geraldton, Perth, Sam Smith, The Prime Minister, Queens Park Theatre bed, table, dog, ball, beach, park Present, past and future jumping, jumped, Jump, She said Can I come too? WPS, QANTAS, don t, we ll, I ve, she s, I m It was Barry s car we used to drive to town. Plurals in apostrophes The dog s new kennel is cool! Introduce Paragraphs See First Steps pages 192 194 Proof reading and editing re-read the writing Underline words you are unsure of Correct full stops and capitals Delete repeated words Add missing words Check and correct punctuation grammar and punctuation scope and sequence - 3-
Year 4/5 Grammar and punctuation Revise necessary year 2 & 3 grammar and punctuation Complex sentences - consists of one or more independent clauses with at least one dependent clause. Sentence manipulation Punctuation Capital letters for titles, first line in poetry Conjunctions Use of exclamation marks for emphasis Simple My friend invited me to a party. I do not want to go. Compound My friend invited me to a party, but I do not want to go. Complex Although my friend invited me to a party, I do not want to go. Compound/complex sentences See pp. 192 FS The title was The Little Red Hen. for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so, What a mess! It was Barry s car we used to drive to town. Apostrophes to show ownership The dog s new kennel is cool! Plurals in apostrophes Commas After I brushed the cat, I lint-rollered my clothes. Separation of clauses Commas Introductory phrase: Once upon a time, I didn't know how to use commas. Parenthetical Phrases Address: My father ate the bagel, John. Interjection: My father ate the bagel, gosh darn it! Aside: My father, if you don t mind my telling you this, ate the bagel. Appositive: My father, a jaded and bitter man, ate the bagel. Absolute phrase: My father, his eyes flashing with rage, ate the bagel. Free modifier: My father, chewing with unbridled fury, ate the bagel. Resumptive modifier: My father ate the bagel, a bagel which no man had yet chewed. Summative modifier: My father ate the bagel, a feat which no man had attempted. (Sourced from Wikipedia) Apostrophe (contractions) revise don t, we ll, I ve, she s, I m Apostrophes to show letters omitted Three o clock. It was in 09 Contractions Quotation marks direct speech They re, we re, should ve She said Can I come too? grammar and punctuation scope and sequence - 4-
bullets Introduce with colons Colons are used: to introduce a list after headings in memos, journals and faxes after a name of a character in a script Language Explain functions of adjectives, nouns and adverbs in sentences Adjectives The large bird flew gracefully The white, fluffy dog chased the little girl Adverbs Pronouns- he, she, me, I, they, you, them, nobody, anybody, everyone, him, her, myself Tense pp. 189 FS Person Crabs are known for walking sideways. The waves came in quickly over the rocks. No one wanted to come, so I went by myself. Present, past and future jumping, jumped, Jump, First person writer speaking; I, we, me, mine, our Second person is the person spoken to; you, your, yours Third person person or thing spoken about; they, them, hers, he, she, it Paragraphs general See First Steps pp. 192 Grouping related information Topic sentences Supporting sentences Concluding sentences Proof reading and editing re-read the writing Underline words you are unsure of Correct full stops and capitals Delete repeated words Add missing words Check and correct punctuation grammar and punctuation scope and sequence - 5-
Year 6/7 Grammar and punctuation Revise necessary year 4/5 grammar and punctuation Punctuation Apostrophes to show ownership It was Barry s car we used to drive to town. Plurals in apostrophes The dog s new kennel is cool! Commas After I brushed the cat, I lint-rollered my clothes. Separation of clauses Commas My father ate the bagel, gosh darn it! My father, if you don t mind my telling you this, ate the bagel. Parenthetical Phrases My father, a jaded and bitter man, ate the bagel. Pp 185 186 FS My father, his eyes flashing with rage, ate the bagel. My father, chewing with unbridled fury, ate the bagel. Apostrophes to show letters omitted Three o clock. It was in 09 Colours include red, yellow, green Ellipses to indicate incomplete lines of text Downloading updates Colons to introduce a list Greg packed his drawing gear: pencils, paints, crayons Colons are used: to introduce a list after headings in memos, journals and faxes after a name of a character in a script pp. 186 First Steps Semi colons are used: to join sentences with two or more main clauses in a series of three or more items when commas are used within the items to separate he main ideas in dictionary and glossary definitions Brackets used in pairs to set apart or interject text within other text. Dashes A dash is longer than a hyphen and is used differently. The most common versions of the dash are the en dash ( ) and the em dash ( ). Hyphens to join words Discuss and view the use of symbols and punctuation in Internet/email language A dog (not a cat) is an animal that barks. Brackets (sometimes called parenthesis) are used to define text that may be omitted without destroying or altering the meaning of a sentence. June July 2009 Years 5 6 were involved. between 1 2 pm. The em dash often demarcates a parenthetical thought like this one or some similar interpolation. Co-worker, one-way, have-a-go cards, one-third http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/slash_(punctuation) grammar and punctuation scope and sequence - 6-
Paragraphs general Grouping related information See First Steps pp. 192 Topic sentences Supporting sentences Concluding sentences Revise parts of Speech (pp. 188 FS) preposition Coordinating conjunctions (FANBOYS) Interjection Noun verb, adjective, pronoun Shows relationship between words, the relationship includes direction (to); time (at); place (under); and manner (by). For: indicates reason (used as a synonym of 'because'), or purpose And: used to connect words, phrases, or clauses Nor: presents an alternate negative idea But: indicates a contrast or exception Or: presents opinions, alternates, or substitutes for ideas of equal importance Yet: connects ideas that follow logically and are contrary So: shows the consequences of related ideas A word, sound or phrase used as an exclamation and capable of standing by itself. e.g. Oh, my goodness Gosh Wow Proof reading and editing re-read the writing Underline words you are unsure of Correct full stops and capitals Delete repeated words Add missing words Check and correct punctuation Re write sentences grammar and punctuation scope and sequence - 7-