Chapter 3 Lesson 2 Notes Cognitive and Emotional Development Page 70 Read Exploring Psychology. Jean Piaget concluded that it is obvious that children so not think the same way as adults. Cognitive Development Piaget concluded that intelligence or the ability to understand, develops gradually as the child grows. Piaget says the children think differently that older children and adults because they have a different kind of logic. Intellectual development involves quantitative changes (growth in the amount of information) as well as qualitative changes (differences in the manner of thinking.)
How Knowing Changes Schemas- mental representations of the world Assimilation- trying to fit a new object into this schema Accommodation changing our schema to fit the characteristics of the new object When events do not fit into existing schemas, new and grander schemas have to be created. The child begins to see and understand things in new ways. Object Permanence Infants have a toy but do not look when it is taken away from them. They will either move on or cry because they think it does not exist anymore. 7-12 month if you hide the toy under a blanket when they are looking they will look for it there. If you hide it behind you back they will still look for it under the blanket. 12-18 month will look for the toy in the last place they saw you hide the toy. 12 months they child will be surprised if the toy is not under the blanket because you hide it behind you back. 18-24 months will keep looking for the toy until they find it. Object permanence- things continue to exist even though they cannot be seen or touched.
Representational Though Representational thought- the ability of a child to picture something in his or her mind Children can picture (or represent) things in their minds. Ex. Piaget s daughter and the tantrum page 73 Principles of Conversation 5-7 years most children begin to understand conservation. Conservation the principle that a given quantity does not change when its appearance is changed. Ex. Water in the short glass and the tall glass Egocentric a young child s inability to understand another person s perspective
Piaget s Stages of Cognitive Development Piaget has four stages of cognitive development. 1. Sensorimotor- infant uses schemas that primarily involve own body and sensations. 2. Preoperational stage- begins to use mental images or symbols to understand things. 3. Concrete operations- children are able to use logical schemas, but their understanding is limited to concrete objects or problems. 4. Formal operating stage- able to solve abstract problems. Everyone will go through these stages but not necessarily at the same time because they depend on experiences. Emotional Development While the children are developing cognitively they are also developing emotionally. They are getting attached to people and things and beginning to care about how they feel and think.
Imprinting Imprinting- inherited tendencies or responses that are displayed by newborn animals when they encounter new stimuli in their environment. Critical Period- a specific time in development when certain skills or abilities are most easily learned. Surrogate Mothers Harry Harlow studied relationship between mother and child in rhesus monkeys. The monkeys were attached to a cloth comfy monkey instead of a wire monkey that had food. The monkeys wanted physical contact more than food. Harlow concluded that monkeys clung to their mothers because of comfort. Human Infants Infants begin to form an attachment to their mothers at 6 months when they are able to distinguish one person from another and are beginning to develop object permanence. Separation anxiety occurs whenever the child is suddenly separated from the mother.